Pulmonary function changes following surgical correction for pectus excavatum

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儿童恶性实体瘤116例临床病理分析

[目的 ]对比研究延边朝鲜族自治州朝鲜族、汉族两个民族儿童恶性实体瘤的发病特点 .[方法 ]选择 116例儿童恶性实体瘤 ,对比不同病理类型肿瘤在朝鲜族、汉族两个民族的不同年龄、性别中的分布特点 .[结果 ]116例中朝鲜族 5 5例 ,汉族 6 1例 ;男性 5 7例 ,女性 5 9例 ;病理类型中最多的是淋巴肉瘤和肾母细胞瘤 .癌与肉瘤的分类中 ,肉瘤 (78.5 % )明显多于癌 (17.2 % ) .[结论 ]116例中朝鲜族、汉族两个民族之间在发病年龄及性别、病理类型分布等方面未见明显差异 ;116例的肿瘤发病原因与先天性因素相关的肿瘤占多数 (如母细胞瘤、胚胎性肿瘤等 )     

迟发性佝偻病与支气管哮喘

目的 观察迟发性佝偻病并发哮喘的治疗反应,探讨维生Ｄ（ＶＤ）缺乏的哮喘发病中的作用。方法 ３１例迟发性佝偻病并发哮喘患儿随机分成Ａ、Ｂ两组,１５例单纯哮喘患儿为Ｃ组。３组均吸入二丙酸倍氯米松气雾剂（ｂｅｃｏｔｉｄｅ ｉｎｈａｌｅｒ）１年,Ａ组另加ＶＤ３治疗。于治疗前后别测定肺功能等。结果 治疗前３组用力呼气一秒量（ＦＥＶ１．０）及用力呼气峰流速（ＰＥＦ）均减低,但组间无差别;Ａ、Ｂ两组骨钙素和反映     

贵阳城区儿童少年行为问题与家庭背景研究

为了解贵阳城区儿童少年行为问题的现状和行为问题儿童少年与家庭因素的关系 ,用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表及儿童发展相关因素问卷对贵阳城区 1365名 6～ 16岁儿童青少年进行调查 ,就调查结果进行了现状分析及相关因素的单元和多元比较。结果表明 :检出有行为问题的儿童少年 2 0 7名 ,检出率 ( 15 16± 0 72 ) % ,高于全国调查结果 ,差异有显著性P <0 0 5)。中学组检出率高于小学组 ,差异不明显 ,与其他城市及全国相比差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5)。性别差异不明显。检出率较高的因子是忧郁、社会退缩、多动、攻击等。影响儿童少年行为问题的家庭因素依次是 :家庭对孩子心理健康的重视程度、母亲文化、家庭经济收入、家长对子女心理健康的认识、父母婚姻状况等。提示 :贵阳城区儿童少年行为问题的检出率高于全国水平 ,高年龄组尤为突出。家庭环境是影响儿童少年行为发展的重要因素。     

米索前列醇用于产后出血的预防

目的：米索前列醇预防产后出血的效果。方法：选择１９９８年８月至１９９９年７月在我院住院分娩的３００例单胎头位孕妇,随机分为米索前列醇组,催产素组,每组１５０例,米索组在胎儿娩出前,胎头着冠时给产妇直肠内置米前列醇６００ｕｇ。催产素组在胎儿娩出后产妇臂部肌注催产素２０Ｉｕ。观察两组产后２ｈ内出血量。结果：产后２ｈ平均出血量米索前列醇组明显低于催产素组,差异有极显性。产后出血发生率米索前列醇组为３．     

The Effects of Race,Socioeconomic Status,and Household Structure on Injury Mortality in Children and Young Adults

Objectives: Injuries are the leading killer of young persons in the United States, yet significant gaps in our understanding of this cause of death remain. By examining the independent influences of race, education, income, household structure, and residential location on injury mortality in young persons, this study addresses these gaps. Method: Using data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, survival analysis is used to examine the injury mortality risk faced by 0 to 17 year olds over a nine-year follow-up period. Separate models are estimated for homicide, suicide, unintentional injury deaths, and all injury deaths. Results: Household head's education has an independent effect on youth homicide and unintentional injury mortality risk. By contrast, family income and household structure do not have independent effects on any of the injury outcomes. Finally, much of the excess homicide risk faced by young African-Americans is explained by underlying racial differentials in socioeco-nomic status, household structure, and residential location. Conclusions: By finding an independent effect of household head's education on youth mortality risk from homicide and unintentional injuries, this study adds to the large body of evidence linking socioeconomic differentials to inequality in life chances.     

Parental occupation, occupational exposure to solvents and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of childhood brain tumors (Italy, France, Spain)

The role of parental occupational exposure in childhood brain tumorswas investigated in a population-based case-control study grouping 251 casesand 601 controls from three European centers: Milan (Italy), Paris (France),and Valencia (Spain). Parental occupational exposure to solvents andpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during the five-year period beforebirth was estimated using a job-exposure matrix developed earlier in the samecountries. Odds ratios (OR) of brain tumors for each occupation andoccupational exposure were estimated by logistic regression, adjusting forchilds age, gender, exposure to tobacco smoke and ionizing radiation,mothers age and years of schooling, and center. The risk of childhood braintumors rose when fathers worked in agriculture (OR = 2.2, 95 percentconfidence interval [CI] = 1.0-4.7) and motor-vehicle-related occupations. Inthe latter group, the risk increased for primitive neuroectodermal tumors inparticular (OR = 2.7, CI = 1.1-6. 6). Astroglial tumors were more frequentamong children of mothers in health services (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.0-4.9).Paternal exposure to PAHs was associated with an increased, but notdose-related, risk of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (OR = 2.0, CI =1.0-4.0), and maternal exposure to solvents at a high level was associatedwith an increased risk of both astroglial (OR = 2.3, CI = 0.9-5.8) andprimitive neuroectodermal tumors (OR = 3.2, CI = 1.0-10.3).     

Recovered memories of abuse in women with documented child sexual victimization histories

This study provides evidence that some adults who claim to have recovered memories of sexual abuse recall actual events that occurred in childhood. One hundred twenty-nine women with documented histories of sexual victimization in childhood were interviewed and asked about abuse history. Seventeen years following the initial report of the abuse, 80 of the women recalled the victimization. One in 10 women (16% of those who recalled the abuse) reported that at some time in the past they had forgotten about the abuse. Those with a prior period of forgetting—the women with recovered memories—were younger at the time of abuse and were less likely to have received support from their mothers than the women who reported that they had always remembered their victimization. The women who had recovered memories and those who had always remembered had the same number of discrepancies when their accounts of the abuse were compared to the reports from the early 1970s.     

Stigmatization, self-esteem, and coping among the adolescent children of lesbian mothers

Purpose: To examine perceived stigma, coping, disclosure, and self-esteem among adolescents with lesbian mothers.

Method: Interviews were conducted with 76 adolescents ages 11–18 years. Standardized measures of self-esteem and coping skills were used. A measure of stigma was adapted for this study and a measure of disclosure was developed. The relationship between perceived stigma and self-esteem was examined. General coping skills and level of disclosure about the adolescents’ mothers’ sexual orientation were assessed as potential moderators of the relationship between perceived stigma and self-esteem.

Results: Adolescents who perceived more stigma had lower self-esteem in five of seven self-esteem areas, compared to those who perceived less stigma. In addition, coping skills moderated the effect of stigma on self-esteem in three self-esteem areas. However, only one subtype of coping skills, that of decision-making coping, was found to moderate the relationship of perceived stigma and self-esteem in such a way that adolescents using more decision-making coping had higher self-esteem in the face of high perceived stigma. For social support coping, in the face of high perceived stigma, the adolescents with more effective coping skills had lower self-esteem. In the face of high perceived stigma, adolescents who disclosed more about their mother’s sexual orientation had higher self-esteem in the subscale of close friendship than those who disclosed less.

Conclusions: Results suggest that stigma is related to self-esteem among the adolescent children of lesbian mothers. The results indicate that this relationship is moderated by coping skills. These results have implications for intervention and prevention of stigmatization by the establishment of effective coping skills as well as through educational efforts to eradicate stigmatizing attitudes.     

儿童偏头痛脑电图和经颅多普勒检查结果分析

本文对２５例儿童偏头痛患者进行发作期和间歇期脑电图及经颅多普勒检查。结果发现,脑电图异常率７２％,经颅多普勒异常率８５％,脑电图诱发试验６０％为阳性,其中３例脑电图在枕区可见单个非典型痫性波。提出儿童偏头痛的诊断应与癫痫鉴别,脑电图与经颅多普勒同时检查能提高诊断,对治疗有指导意义。