The Influence of Intensive Nutritional Education on the Iron Status in Infants

Iron is an essential nutrient for a child’s proper development at every growth stage. It is crucial for the production of red blood and muscle cells, DNA replication, and the development of the brain, nervous and immune systems. Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in children worldwide. Despite widespread access to nutritional information for children, parents continue to make many feeding mistakes. This study aimed to assess whether any nutritional intervention would affect the iron status in children. The parents of 203 children were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the study group received intensive mobile nutritional education for a year, while the control group received no intervention. Blood tests were performed on both groups at the beginning of the study and one year later. The educational intervention resulted in statistically significantly higher levels of RBC (red blood cells; p = 0.020), HGB (haemoglobin; p = 0.039), HCT (haematocrit; p = 0.036), MCV (mean cell volume; p = 0.018) parameters and iron dietary intake (p ≤ 0.001). Even a non-targeted dietary intervention improves the iron status in children. As iron management is insufficient in most children, an iron-targeted nutritional intervention appears necessary.     

安徽省县级妇幼保健机构孕产期保健与资源配置的相关性研究简

目的了解安徽省104个区、县妇幼保健机构的孕产期保健和资源配置现况以及两者的相关性。方法运用网络报告系统将妇幼保健机构数据实时填报,描述机构内的孕产期保健服务和辖区内的部分孕产期保健指标现况以及资源配置情况,并进行比较和相关分析。结果区级机构中开展各项孕产期保健服务的构成比均低于80.0%,区、县的孕早期检查率分别为64.7%和55.9%,孕产妇系统管理率分别为61.3%和52.7%。结论县级妇幼保健机构孕产期保健服务整体水平较低,孕产期保健服务水平与人财物资源存在不同程度的相关性。     

Family mealtime emotions and food parenting practices among mothers of young children: Development of the Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents (MEM‐P)

Family mealtimes can be important for supporting children''s healthy development, yet the emotional context of mealtimes can vary considerably, likely impacting their overall success and enjoyment. Yet, despite having an important role, little is known about how parents emotionally experience mealtimes with their family. The first aim of the current study was to assess the factor structure of a novel self‐report measure to assess parents’ emotional responses experienced during family mealtimes (Mealtime Emotions Measure for Parents; MEM‐P). The second aim was to examine relationships between maternal mealtime emotions and their food parenting practices. Mothers of children aged between 1.5 and 6 years participated in this study. Mothers were invited to complete an online questionnaire measuring family mealtime emotions, anxiety, depression and food parenting practices. Exploratory factor analysis produced a three‐factor solution comprising both positive and negative emotion subscales: MEM‐P Efficacy; MEM‐P Anxiety; MEM‐P Stress and Anger. Mothers'' positive mealtime emotions (mealtime efficacy) were related to greater use of practices promoting autonomy, providing a healthy home food environment, and modelling healthy eating. Higher anxiety about mealtimes was related to greater reports of child control over eating, and mealtime stress and anger was associated with greater use of food to regulate emotions. These findings highlight novel relationships between how mothers emotionally experience family mealtimes and the food parenting practices they use with their children. It is important to develop resources to help promote positive maternal experiences of family mealtimes and food‐based interactions.     

The seasonal relationships between household dietary diversity and child growth in a rural Timor‐Leste community

Both child growth and dietary diversity are poor in rural Timor‐Leste. The rainy season is associated with food scarcity, yet the association between seasonal scarcity, food diversity, and child growth is underdocumented. This study assesses the relationship between household dietary diversity and children''s standardized growth across the 2018 food‐scarce (April–May; post‐rainy period) and post‐harvest (October) seasons in the agricultural community of Natarbora, on the south‐coastal plains of Timor‐Leste. We conducted household interviews and collected anthropometric data across 98 and 93 households in the post‐rainy and post‐harvest periods, respectively. Consumed household foods were obtained via 24‐h diet recalls and were subsequently categorized into a nine‐food‐group dietary diversity score (DDS; number of different food groups consumed). The DDS was related to children''s standardized short‐term growth (z‐weight, z‐body mass index [BMI] and percent change in weight over the harvest season) via linear mixed models. Across seasons, DDS increased from 3.9 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.0) to 4.3 (SD = 1.4; p < 0.05). In the post‐rainy season, children in high DDS households had higher z‐weight than those in low DDS households and higher z‐BMI than children in medium and low DDS households. In the post‐harvest period, household DDS did not predict children''s z‐weight but predicted z‐BMI. Consumption of protein‐rich foods, particularly animal‐source foods and legumes, in low‐ and medium‐DDS households may be associated with improved child growth. While consuming more animal‐source foods in the post‐rainy season would be ideal, promoting the consumption of locally grown legumes, such as beans and pulses, may facilitate better nutritional outcomes for more children in rural Timor‐Leste.     

Influence of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure,satiety responsiveness,and weight status

Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration has been associated with differences in neural development, better satiety responsiveness, and decreased risk for childhood obesity. Given hippocampus sensitivity to diet and potential role in the integration of satiety signals, hippocampus may play a role in these relationships. We conducted a secondary analysis of 149, 7–11‐year‐olds (73 males) who participated in one of five studies that assessed neural responses to food cues. Hippocampal grey matter volume was extracted from structural scans using CAT12, weight status was assessed using age‐ and sex‐adjusted body mass index (%BMI_p85), and parents reported exclusive breastfeeding duration and satiety responsiveness (Children''s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire). Separate path models for left and right hippocampus tested: (1) the direct effect of exclusive breastfeeding on satiety responsiveness and its indirect effect through hippocampal grey matter volume; (2) the direct effect of hippocampal grey matter volume on %BMI_p85 and its indirect effect through satiety responsiveness. %BMI_p85 was adjusted for maternal education, yearly income, and premature birth while hippocampal grey matter volume was adjusted for total intercranial volume, age, and study from which data were extracted. Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with greater bilateral hippocampal grey matter volumes. In addition, better satiety responsiveness and greater left hippocampal grey matter volume were both associated with lower %BMI_p85. However, hippocampal grey matter volumes were not associated with satiety responsiveness. Although no relationship was found between breastfeeding and child weight status, these results highlight the potential impact of exclusive breastfeeding duration on the hippocampal structure.     

肺炎患儿血小板增高的临床意义

【目的】 通过对肺炎伴血小板增多的儿童进行临床特征、实验室指标及潮气通气肺功能检测分析,探讨血小板计数能否作为评判儿童肺炎严重程度和预后的量化指标。 【方法】 对102例肺炎伴有血小板增多(外周血血小板计数＞400×10⁹/L)的患儿(A组)与107例肺炎血小板计数正常的患儿(B组)的临床特点、血实验室生化指标、血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素(IL-6)、潮气通气肺功能检测数据进行比较。 【结果】 与B组比较, A组发生呼吸困难和喘息比例高,住院时间长,白细胞计数高,血浆TNF-α、IL-6的表达增高,代表小气道阻塞的肺功能指标呼气达峰时间(tPTEF)、达峰时间比(呼气达峰时间/呼气时间、tPTEF/tE)、剩余25%潮气量时的呼气流速(TEF25)、剩余25%潮气量时的呼气流速/呼气峰流速(TEF25/PTEF%)降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。外周血小板计数与IL-6浓度成正相关(r=0.354,P<0.05),与tPTEF/tE、 TEF25呈负相关(r=0.461、0.407,P＜0.05)。 【结论】 外周血血小板计数升高可作为评判肺炎的炎症反应及病情严重程度的实用参考指标。     

丰台区256名小学生体内重金属含量与智力和神经行为的相关性分析

目的:了解丰台区学龄儿童体内重金属分布现状及其与儿童智力发育和神经行为的相关性.方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法,抽取丰台区3所小学校的9 ～12岁的学龄儿童256名作为研究对象,进行瑞文智力测验和神经行为测验,检测血样和尿样中铬、镍、砷、硒、镉、汞、铊、铅含量.结果:256名儿童血铅、血硒、尿砷检出率为100％,铊检出率为0,其他金属的检出率在10.3％ ～71.1％之间,儿童血铬、血硒、血铅,尿硒含量与IQ呈正相关(P＜0.05);血汞、尿汞与IQ呈负相关(P＜0.05);儿童血砷、尿砷、尿铬、尿铅、尿硒与神经行为呈负相关(P＜0.05).结论:研究区域儿童体内各种金属均有检出应引起重视;汞对儿童的智商发育有不良的影响;硒对儿童智商有保护作用;金属砷、铬、硒、铊、铅对儿童神经行为发育有不良影响.     

支气管哮喘患儿肺功能改变的特征

支气管哮喘患儿肺功能改变具有特征性,突出表现在气道反应性增高和阻塞性肺通气功能障碍两个方面,其通气功能障碍具有可逆性、可变性、多样性等,并可随着病情变化而改变.肺功能检测在哮喘诊断和管理中具有不可替代的作用,但哮喘患儿肺功能改变与临床症状并非完全平行,同时需要甄别非哮喘呼吸系统疾病导致的肺功能改变,正确解析检查结果,密...     

Neural representation of the parent–child attachment from infancy to adulthood

Attachment theory is built on the assumption of consistency; the mother–infant bond is thought to underpin the life-long representations individuals construct of attachment relationships. Still, consistency in the individual’s neural response to attachment-related stimuli representing his or her entire relational history has not been investigated. Mothers and children were followed across two decades and videotaped in infancy (3–6 months), childhood (9–12 years) and young adulthood (18–24 years). In adulthood, participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while exposed to videos of own mother–child interactions (Self) vs unfamiliar interactions (Other). Self-stimuli elicited greater activations across preregistered nodes of the human attachment network, including thalamus-to-brainstem, amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), insula and temporal cortex. Critically, self-stimuli were age-invariant in most regions of interest despite large variability in social behavior, and Bayesian analysis showed strong evidence for lack of age-related differences. Psycho–physiological interaction analysis indicated that self-stimuli elicited tighter connectivity between ACC and anterior insula, consolidating an interface associating information from exteroceptive and interceptive sources to sustain attachment representations. Child social engagement behavior was individually stable from infancy to adulthood and linked with greater ACC and insula response to self-stimuli. Findings demonstrate overlap in circuits sustaining parental and child attachment and accord with perspectives on the continuity of attachment across human development.     

经皮膀胱穿刺造漏输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石治疗小儿胱结石的护理

目的通过对经膀胱穿刺造漏输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石治疗小儿膀胱结石的护理总结,提高微创技术治疗小儿膀胱结石的护理水平。方法分析28例经膀胱穿刺造漏输尿管肾镜下气压弹道碎石治疗小儿膀胱结石的围手术期护理体会。结果28例患者均1次治疗成功,无严重并发症。结论本术式具有损伤小、快速、高效的优点。术前的心理护理有助于患者以较平和的心态接受手术,消除恐惧心理。术后的严密观察和导尿管及造漏管护理,可以及早发现或避免并发症的出现。