急性胰腺炎合并肝脏低密度改变的CT诊断

目的：通过对急性胰腺炎合并的肝脏低密度改变的CT表现进行分析,探讨其变化规律及可能的发生机理。方法：回顾分析资料完整的62例急性胰腺炎患者的肝脏CT表现,采用16层螺旋CT机,重建层厚为5mm。结果：62例患者中,42例CT显示肝脏低密度改变,占67.74%（42/62）;在2～20天复查CT,有61.90%（26/42）病例随病情的好转而减轻,其中45.24%（19/42）病例完全恢复为正常肝实质密度,CT值高于脾脏。最早恢复时间为发病后第5天即恢复正常。38.09%（16/42）病例无恢复。结论：多层螺旋CT特别是16层螺旋CT在清楚显示急性胰腺炎胰腺本身及其周围变化的同时亦可对继发性的肝脏低密度改变及其转归做出确切的评判,为急性胰腺炎的早期诊断增添了新的依据;结合文献认为急性胰腺炎的肝脏低密度改变主要是急性脂肪肝的形成造成的。     

蛇丹合剂对兔耳痤疮模型的治疗作用

目的观察蛇丹合剂对兔耳痤疮模型病理改变的改善作用,探讨其治疗作用机理。方法取健康雄兔18只,按体重分层随机分为A,B,C三组,在其左耳涂用煤焦油进行造模2周,右耳不涂煤焦油作为正常对照。A组给予小剂量蛇丹合剂,B组给予大剂量蛇丹合剂,C组为模型对照组,治疗前后对兔耳进行肉眼及病理切片观察。结果外涂煤焦油2周后,兔左耳表面粗糙,可见粉刺、丘疹,且光镜下组织学改变与人类痤疮相似。灌药2周后,实验各剂量组肉眼可见粉刺、丘疹消退;光镜亦有相应改变;但模型对照组改善不明显。结论蛇丹合剂能有效改善兔耳痤疮模型的皮损及病理改变。     

眼动脉瘤眼部表现的临床探讨

目的:探讨眼动脉瘤所引起的眼部改变。方法:回顾性分析2003-08/2009-03首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科收治的44例眼动脉瘤患者的临床资料。结果:眼动脉瘤患者44例以眼部改变为首发者14例(32%)。视力下降者12例(27%),其中单眼者10例(23%),双眼者2例(5%);视野缺损者10例(23%)(双眼2例,单眼8例);复视者2例(5%);上睑下垂者4例(9%);误诊为球后视神经炎2例,青光眼1例。结论:眼动脉动脉瘤患者可引起眼部改变,最常见的表现为视力下降和视野缺损。     

Combined BubR1 protein down-regulation and RASSF1A hypermethylation in Wilms tumors with diverse cytogenetic changes

BUB1B and RASSF1A genes play specific roles in the mitotic checkpoint, and their defects may cause chromosome instability or aneuploidy in mouse fibroblasts and human cancer cell lines; however, few studies have reported a correlation between defects in these genes and chromosome changes in human tumor samples. We examined chromosome abnormalities in 25 Wilms tumors by metaphase comparative genomic hybridization, and classified them into 14 hyperdiploid (50 > or = chromosomes), 2 near-or-pseudodiploid, and 9 diploid tumors. We also examined various molecular aspects of BUB1B and RASSF1A, and evaluated the relationship between chromosome changes and the status of both genes. No tumors showed BUB1B mutation. BubR1 protein (BUB1B gene product) expression was undetectable or decreased in five of six hyperdiploid or near-or-pseudodiploid tumors and increased in four of five diploid tumors, whereas all seven tumors examined showed BUB1B mRNA expression irrespective of their chromosome pattern. Furthermore, while complete promoter methylation of RASSF1A was found in 13 of 16 hyperdiploid or near-or-pseudodiploid tumors, unmethylated RASSF1A was found in 5 of 9 diploid tumors. Partial RASSF1A methylation was found in three hyperdiploid or near-or-pseudodiploid tumors and in four diploid tumors. Thus, BubR1 protein expression decreased, and the promoter region of RASSF1A was completely methylated in the great majority of hyperdiploid or near-or-pseudodiploid tumors, BubR1 protein expression increased and RASSF1A was unmethylated in the majority of diploid tumors. These findings suggest that the combined BubR1 protein down-regulation and RASSF1A hypermethylation might be implicated in the formation of chromosomal changes found in Wilms tumors.     

高甘油三酯/低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇伴运动试验阳性与缺血性心脏病的危险因素

目的：对无明显心血管病（CVD）临床症状者的高甘油三酯（TG）≥1.60 mmol/L低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）≤1.18 mmol/L伴有活动平板运动试验（TET）心电图（ECG）阳性和TET ECG阴性的缺血性心脏病（IHD）的危险因素进行了对比观察。方法：对无明显CVD临床症状的2900例受试者检测TG/HDL-C、其中伴有TET ECG阳性（缺血型ST-T改变）者500例和TET ECG阴性（不伴有缺血型ST-T改变）者2500例进行了5年对比观察,预测其预后。结果：在5年随访的观察中高TG（≥1.60 mmol/L）/低HDL-C（≤1.18 mmmol/L）伴有TET ECG阳性者500例的IHD的发生（30例）率为6.00%;IHD死亡（14例）率为2.80%。而高TG/低HDL-C TET ECG阴性者2500例的IHD发生（25例）率为2.80%,死亡（8例）率为0.32%,P〈0.001。表明高TG/低HDL-C伴有TET ECG阳性者是IHD的较大危险因素。结论：高TG/低H DL-C,伴有TET ECG阳性对IHD者的死亡率的预测有重要意义,提示二者指标共同作用对IHD者极为不利。     

Isovitexin alleviates acute gouty arthritis in rats by inhibiting inflammation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

ContextThe prevalence of gout has greatly increased, and it has become the most common inflammatory arthritis in men. Isovitexin possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.ObjectiveWe explored the effects of isovitexin on rats with acute gouty arthritis (GA).Materials and methodsFifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to five groups: sham, model, positive (colchicine, 0.3 mg/kg), isovitexin (100 mg/kg), TLR4 inhibitor (TAK-242, 3 mg/kg) and isovitexin + TAK-242. The gait of rats and the ankle joint swelling index were monitored. The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, and pathological changes in the synovial tissues were determined.ResultsIsovitexin significantly reduced the ankle joint swelling index at day 7 compared to that in the model group (4.39 ± 1.01 vs. 6.09 ± 1.31). Moreover, isovitexin alleviated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and ameliorated the proliferation of synovial cells. The levels of TNF-α (93.42 ± 5.02 pg/mL), IL-1β (25.46 ± 1.91 pg/mL) and IL-6 (194.71 ± 7.92 pg/mL) in the isovitexin group were significantly lower than in the model group (129.39 ± 5.43, 39.60 ± 2.71 and 223.77 ± 5.35 pg/mL). The expression of TLR4, MyD88 and p-NF-κB-p65 was remarkably decreased after isovitexin and colchicine treatment. The effect of isovitexin was similar to that colchicine. Furthermore, the combination of isovitexin and TAK-242 had better effect, and there was no significantly difference with colchicine treatment.Discussion and conclusionsIsovitexin ameliorates joint inflammation in acute GA via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Isovitexin may be a potential substitute medicine for GA.     

基于多糖的超分子组装前后体内外生物活性变化研究概况

多糖作为生物界一种主要的细胞构造基元及重要的储能材料,在生命体中扮演着十分重要的角色,因其具有良好的生物相容性、亲水性、生物可降解性及配伍性,广泛被用于食品和药品。超分子是依靠分子间相互作用结合在一起的复杂的、有组织的聚集体,能保持一定的完整性并使其具有明确的微观结构和宏观特性。基于多糖组装的超分子作为天然大分子物质具有广泛的生物特性,文章就多糖经超分子组装后产生的体内外生物活性变化进行综述,以期为多糖的进一步扩大应用提供参考和理论支撑。     

百草枯对小鼠神经行为发育及学习记忆功能的影响

【摘要】 目的 观察百草枯（PQ）对发育期C57BL/6J小鼠神经发育的毒性作用,并探讨百草枯对小鼠学习记忆的影响。方法 80只出生第21天的仔鼠分为对照组（生理盐水）,1.25mg/kg/d,2.5mg/kg/d,5mg/kg/d,10mg/kg/d五组,灌胃染毒百草枯,每天一次,连续30d。观察小鼠的一般生理和神经行为发育情况,并在染毒结束后进行Morris水迷宫实验和避暗实验,测试小鼠的学习记忆功能。神经行为学测试结束后取小鼠大脑,称重并进行病理检查,同时利用透射电镜观察各组小鼠中脑黑质部超微结构。结果 染毒期间小鼠一般状况没有明显变化,染毒结束后各组体重没有统计学差异;在Morris水迷宫测试中,各组差异没有统计学意义,而避暗实验中与对照组相比,高剂量组的避暗潜伏期延长,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;在病理切片和透射电镜观察中,在高剂量组分别观察到黑质细胞减少和神经元细胞凋亡。结论 百草枯暴露对发育期小鼠成年后神经行为有影响,同时会使小鼠成年后出现脑组织的病理变化,发生器质性的病变。