炮制对决明子中萘并吡喃酮苷及蒽醌苷元类成分含量的影响

目的:比较炮制对决明子中主要活性成分萘并吡喃酮苷和蒽醌苷元类成分的影响。方法:采用高效液相色谱法检测决明子中3个萘并吡喃酮苷和3个蒽醌苷元的含量,并比较其炮制前后的含量变化。结果:炮制后决明子中3种萘并吡喃酮苷类成分含量均有明显下降,其中红镰霉素龙胆二糖苷下降约21%,决明子苷下降约60%,决明子苷C下降约87%;3种蒽醌苷元变化情况为,橙黄决明素和甲基钝叶决明素的含量变化没有显著性差异,钝叶素的含量升高48%。结论:炮制对决明子主要活性成分萘并吡喃酮苷和蒽醌苷元类的含量均会产生显著影响,其中炮制后萘并吡喃酮苷类成分整体下降,蒽醌苷元类成分有部分含量升高。     

Bleaching and enamel surface interactions resulting from the use of highly-concentrated bleaching gels

Tooth bleaching is considered a non-invasive treatment, although the use of highly-concentrated products may provoke increased surface roughness and enamel demineralization, as well as postoperative sensitivity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration would affect tooth bleaching effectiveness and the enamel surface properties. Enamel/dentin bovine specimens (6 × 4 mm) were immersed in coffee solution for 7 days and evaluated with a spectrophotometer (Easyshade; baseline), using the CIEL^*a^*b^* color parameters. Hardness was measured using a hardness tester. The specimens were randomly assigned into four groups: one negative control, in which the specimens were not bleached, but they were irradiated with a laser-light source (Whitening Lase II, DMC Equipments); and three groups using distinct H₂O₂ concentration, namely LP15% (15% Lase Peroxide Lite), LP25% (25% Lase Peroxide Sensy), and LP35% (35% Lase Peroxide Sensy), all products from DMC. The bleached specimens were also irradiated with the laser-light source. After bleaching, all specimens were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). pH kinetics and rate was monitored during bleaching. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). All bleaching gels produced similar color change (p > 0.05). Concerning hardness, only the LP25% and LP35% significantly reduced hardness after bleaching; also, there was a progressive tendency for a greater percentage reduction in hardness with increased H₂O₂ concentration of the gel (R² = 0.9973, p < 0.001). SEM showed that LP25% and LP35% produced an etching pattern on enamel with prism rods exposure. In conclusion, H₂O₂ concentration above the 15% level does not increase bleaching effectiveness, and may increase the possibility for alteration of enamel hardness, surface morphology, and acidity of the medium. When using H₂O₂-based bleaching agents, dental practitioners should choose for less concentrated gels, e.g., around the 15% level.     

扶正泄浊保肾汤对CRF大鼠血浆ET-1、Scr、BUN及肾组织病理的影响

目的：观察扶正泄浊保肾汤对慢性肾衰竭（CRF）大鼠血浆内皮素-1（ET-1）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿素氮（BUN）及肾组织病理的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法：采用5/6肾切除的方法制造CRF模型.将60只雄性SD大鼠随机分为6组：假手术组、模型组、尿毒清组及扶正泄浊保肾汤大、中、小剂量组;分别按一定比例予大、中、小剂量组大鼠灌胃,假手术组及模型组同时间予等体积的生理盐水灌胃.所得数据均采用（±s）表示,组间比较用t检验,采用SPSS 18.0进行统计学处理.结果：各治疗组与模型组间比较,血浆ET-1及Scr、BUN水平显著下降,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,且肾脏病理改变较轻;大、中剂量组与小剂量、尿毒清组间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;大、中剂量组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;小剂量组与尿毒清组间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论：扶正泄浊保肾汤具有降低大鼠血清ET-1、Scr、BUN水平,减轻肾脏病理表现的作用.     

老年人智能改变与脑电图α节律的关系

目的探讨老年人智能改变与脑电图α节律的关系。方法对115例老年人进行智能评定,并统计其脑电图的α节律频率、指数、波幅分布。结果智能障碍组老年人脑电图α节律指数低者多于智能正常组(P0.05),两组老年人α节律频率、波幅分布无明显差异(P0.05)。结论α节律指数低的老年人智能水平下降更明显。     

Misperception of patients with type 2 diabetes about diet and physical activity,and its effects on readiness to change*

Background: The aim of the present study was to assess misperceptions about lifestyle among patients with type 2 diabetes and their effects on readiness to change. Methods: Nine hundred and forty patients, with an HbA1c >7% and a body mass index >25 kg/m², from 57 general practices participated in a cross‐sectional survey. Misperceptions of lifestyle (fruit, vegetable, and fat consumption, as well as physical activity) and readiness to change were determined with validated questionnaires. Logistic regression analysis calculated the association of misperception with readiness to change. Results: The response rate was 55.4%. Misperception existed for all lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, 41.5%; consumption of fruit, 40.1%; consumption of vegetables, 69.2%; consumption of fat, 21.6%). Misperception significantly affected readiness to change the relevant lifestyle (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals] ranging from 2.67 [1.68–4.23] to 1.80 [1.16–2.79]), except in the case of fruit consumption. The degree of misperception varied greatly between the different lifestyle behaviors and was somewhat larger (1–10%) than that in the general Dutch population. Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes misperceive their lifestyle behaviors, which hinders lifestyle changes. The variations in misperception and readiness to change show that diversity should be considered in lifestyle counseling for patients with type 2 diabetes.     

Empirical evidence suggests adverse climate events have not affected Australian women's health and well‐being

Objective: To compare the health and well‐being of women by exposure to adverse climate events. An Exceptional Circumstance declaration (EC) was used as a proxy for adverse climate events. The Australian government may provide financial support to people living in EC areas, i.e. areas experiencing a one in 20–25 year event (drought, flood or fire) that results in a severe, extended downturn in farm or farm‐related income. Methods: Data from 6,584 53–58 year old non‐metropolitan women participating in the 2004 survey of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) were linked to EC data. Generalised linear models were used to analyse differences in SF‐36 General Health (GH) and Mental Health (MH) and perceived stress by EC for all women. Models were adjusted for demographic, health‐related and psychosocial factors potentially on the pathway between EC and health. Given that the effects on health were expected to be greater in vulnerable people, analyses were repeated for women with worse socioeconomic circumstances. Results: GH, MH and stress did not differ for the 3,366 women in EC areas and 3,218 women in non‐EC areas. GH, MH and stress were worse among vulnerable women (who had difficulty managing on available income) regardless of EC. Conclusion and implications: This research adds to the existing literature on climate change, associated adverse climate events and health, by suggesting that multiple resources available in high income countries, including government support and individual psychosocial resources may mitigate some of the health impacts of adverse climate events, even among vulnerable people.     

分层换药治疗Ⅱ期压疮患者的疗效观察

目的观察分层换药方法在Ⅱ期压疮患者中的应用效果,为临床治疗压疮提供参考。方法将2009年6月～2012年2月收治的40例下肢骨折伴有Ⅱ期压疮的患者随机分为实验组(分层更换创面敷料换药组)与常规组(外科常规换药组),每组20例。比较两组患者换药时疼痛程度、伤口治愈时间及满意度。结果两组患者换药时疼痛程度、伤口治愈时间及满意度比较,实验组优于常规组(p<0.05),差异具有统计学意义。结论分层更换敷料换药法对Ⅱ期压疮患者临床疗效优于常规外科换药法,值得在临床中推广应用。     

珲春口岸鼠类种群消长及体外寄生虫调查分析

目的调查掌握珲春口岸鼠类种群构成、季节消长规律及体外寄生虫种类,防止鼠类传播传染病在珲春口岸传入、传出,加强检验检疫措施提供科学依据。方法于2009年5月-2010年4月采用夹夜法对珲春口岸辖区四个出入境口岸区域的鼠情及体外寄生虫进行调查。结果经过一年的调查,共捕获鼠类326只,经签定分类为1目2科4属4种。其中以褐家鼠为优势种,占捕鼠总数的52.45%;其次为黑线姬鼠,占41.72%;10月份密度最高,为3.50%;2月份最低,为1.50%,年平均密度为2.26%;体外寄生虫检出蚤、革螨两类,蚤分类鉴定为3科4属4种,总指数为12.88%;革螨分类鉴定为2科3属5种,总指数为109.44%。结论本次调查显示,珲春口岸的鼠类密度已超过国家规定标准[1]要求,为下步采取控制措施提供了依据。