复方紫草膏对肛周脓肿术后创面愈合的影响

为观察复方紫草膏纱条用于肛周脓肿术后创面换药的临床疗效,将151例肛周脓肿患者随机分为观察组75例采用复方紫草膏纱条换药;对照组76例采用凡士林纱条换药,观察两组创缘红肿消失时间、脓性分泌物消失时间、肉芽组织生长情况、创口愈合时间、平均住院时间。结果显示,观察组以上指标均明显优于对照组。结果表明,复方紫草膏纱条用于肛周脓肿术后创面换药,疗效明显,可缩短疗程,无毒副作用。     

腰椎间盘纤维环病理变化与腰腿痛的相关研究

目的探讨腰椎退行性变患者椎间盘后外侧纤维环病理变化与腰腿疼痛之间的关系。方法对经手术治疗的126例伴有腰腿疼痛症状的患者进行研究,其中椎间盘突出症患者92例(93个椎间盘),盘源性腰痛症11例(11个椎间盘),腰椎滑移症16例(16个椎间盘),腰椎畸形7例(12个椎间盘)。腰痛为主要症状者45例(51个椎间盘),腿痛为主要症状者81例(81个椎间盘)。对取得的132个椎间后外侧纤维环,HE染色后进行病理形态学观察,并与正常对照组进行比较。结果病理形态学检查结果显示病变组纤维环层明显变薄,胶原纤维细胞少,排列不规则,分布不均匀;将其病理特点归纳分成为四种类型:a)纤维环中出现自内向外的血管腔隙样变化(血管腔内有或无红细胞),伴炎性细胞主要是淋巴细胞的浸润,并且有胶原纤维细胞的大量增生。b)纤维环中增生的胶原纤维排列紊乱,肿胀明显,形成结节样团状结构。c)纤维环中出现退变和增生并存的软骨样细胞,周围水肿,无淋巴细胞浸润。d)无以上三种特征性病理变化。经计数资料的χ2检验,腰痛组和腿痛组之间各病理类型构成存在差异。结论病变椎间盘纤维环的病理变化与腰腿疼痛关系密切,其中,炎症反应可能是引起腰腿疼痛的重要原因之一。     

Obesity and Prostate Cancer: Weighing the Evidence

Context

Obesity and prostate cancer (PCa) affect substantial proportions of Western society. Mounting evidence, both epidemiologic and mechanistic, for an association between the two is of public health interest. An improved understanding of the role of this modifiable risk factor in PCa etiology is imperative to optimize screening, treatment, and prevention.

Objective

To consolidate and evaluate the evidence for an epidemiologic link between obesity and PCa, in addition to examining the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms.

Evidence acquisition

A PubMed search for relevant articles published between 1991 and July 2012 was performed by combining the following terms: obesity, BMI, body mass index and prostate cancer risk, prostate cancer incidence, prostate cancer mortality, radical prostatectomy, androgen-deprivation therapy, external-beam radiation, brachytherapy, prostate cancer and quality of life, prostate cancer and active surveillance, in addition to obesity, BMI, body mass index and prostate cancer and insulin, insulin-like growth factor, androgen, estradiol, leptin, adiponectin, and IL-6. Articles were selected based on content, date of publication, and relevancy, and their references were also searched for relevant articles.

Evidence synthesis

Increasing evidence suggests obesity is associated with elevated incidence of aggressive PCa, increased risk of biochemical failure following radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy, higher frequency of complications following androgen-deprivation therapy, and increased PCa-specific mortality, although perhaps a lower overall PCa incidence. These results may in part relate to difficulties in detecting and treating obese men. However, multiple molecular mechanisms could explain these associations as well. Weight loss slows PCa in animal models but has yet to be fully tested in human trials.

Conclusions

Obesity appears to be linked with aggressive PCa. We suggest clinical tips to better diagnose and treat obese men with PCa. Whether reversing obesity slows PCa growth is currently unknown, although it is an active area of research.     

从《黄帝内经》“气交变”浅淡“阴阳骤变”的发病观

《内经》的气交变大论篇提出:"猝然而动者,气交变也",指因自然界气候的猝然变化产成的异常气候使民患疾,从而指出因外界的阴阳骤然变化而引动人体阴阳骤然不适应的一种发病的途径。本论从"气交变"出发,结合现代由于人为因素造成的气候、地域、饮食、情绪等因素所导致人体阴阳平衡骤变被打破而发病的一种类型,称之为"阴阳骤变"的发病观。     

心理疏导联合健康宣教对高位复杂肛瘘术后患者换药时切口疼痛的效果评价

目的：探讨心理疏导联合健康宣教对高位复杂肛瘘术后患者换药时切口疼痛的效果。方法将77例行肛肠外科手术治疗的高位复杂性肛瘘患者根据其术后护理方法分为对照组（n＝38）与观察组（n＝39）。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上采用心理疏导联合健康宣教。比较2组患者换药时及换药后10 min视觉模拟评分（ VAS评分）、健康教育达标率及护理工作满意度、换药后生活自理能力。结果（1）2组患者换药后10 min VAS评分与换药时比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,且从术后第2天开始,观察组患者换药后10 min VAS评分均显著小于对照组患者换药后10 min VAS评分,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;（2）观察组患者健康教育达标率及护理工作满意度（94．84％,100％）均显著高于对照组（86．84％,89.47％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;（3）观察组患者换药后生活自理能力优良率（89．74％）高于对照组（81.58％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论心理疏导联合健康宣教可有效缓解高位复杂肛瘘术后患者换药时切口疼痛,改善患者生活质量,提高护理满意度及生活自理能力。     

右美托咪定滴鼻用于小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术的临床观察

目的探讨不同剂量右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine, Dex)滴鼻对腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术小儿的影响。方法选取90例拟行腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术患儿,随机分为3组（A组、B组和C组）,每组30例。麻醉诱导前30min,A组经鼻滴入右美托咪定（1μg/kg）,B组经鼻滴入右美托咪定（2μg/kg）,C组为经鼻滴入等量生理盐水。记录患儿滴鼻前即刻（T0）、滴鼻后10min（T1）、滴鼻后20min（T2）、麻醉诱导时（T3）、手术开始时（T4）、拔出喉罩时（T5）的心率（heart rate, HR)、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure, MAP)和血氧饱和度(saturation pulse oxygen, SpO2),以及麻醉时间、手术时间、诱导期合作表（induction compliance checklist, ICC)评分、儿童苏醒期躁动量表（pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium, PAED）评分、出院后行为问卷（post hospitalization behavior questionnaire, PHBQ）例数和不良反应的发生。结果与A组、C组相比,B组T2、T4、T5时MAP,T2～T5时HR显著下降（P<0.05）。与C组相比,A组和B组ICC评分、PAED评分、PHBQ例数显著下降（P<0.05）。三组患儿一般资料、麻醉时间、手术时间、SpO2及不良反应发生的差异无统计学意义。结论右美托咪定滴鼻用于小儿腹腔镜疝囊高位结扎术,可显著提高麻醉诱导合作度,降低苏醒期躁动和出院后行为改变的发生。术前滴鼻右美托咪定1μg/kg与2μg/kg对MAP和HR影响较小。     

授权原理结合多阶段改变理论干预糖尿病患者饮食行为对代谢指标的影响研究

目的：探讨运用授权原理及多阶段改变理论结合的教育模式干预糖尿病患者饮食行为对患者代谢指标的影响。方法将218例入住广西医科大学第一附属医院的糖尿病患者分成两组。采用不同的模式干预患者饮食行为,对照组采用传统的教育模式;干预组采用授权原理及多阶段改变理论相结合的教育模式。比较两组患者 BMI 、血糖、血脂、授权能力、行为改变情况。结果两组患者糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h 血糖（2 h PG）、血清总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）指标及授权能力随时间的变化而改变;干预组的教育模式对 FPG 、2 h PG 、TC 、TG 、LDL 指标及授权能力的改善较对照组更明显（P＜0．05）;HbA1c 、FPG 、2 h PG 、TG 指标及授权能力的分组与时间因素存在交互作用,干预组各指标控制优于对照组（P＜0．05）;干预组患者在干预3、6个月后处于行动阶段及维持阶段的患者高于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论运用授权原理与多阶段改变理论相结合的教育模式对糖尿病患者进行教育能帮助患者改善血糖、血脂指标,促进患者行为改变及授权能力的提高。     

Change in self‐reported oral health in relation to use of dental services over 2 yr

To investigate change in oral health in relation to use of dental services, a random sample of 45‐ to 54‐yr‐old subjects from Adelaide, South Australia, was surveyed in 2004–2005 (n = 986, response rate = 44.4%). Service use and a global oral‐health transition (GOHT) statement were collected over 2 yr. Worsening in oral health was reported from the GOHT statement by 25% of persons, while improvement was reported by 30%. Prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% CI), adjusted for sex, education, health card status, and toothbrushing, showed that worsening oral health was inversely associated with dental visiting (PR = 0.5, 0.4–0.7) and with scaling and cleaning services (PR = 0.6, 0.4–0.9), whereas extractions (PR = 2.3, 1.6–3.4) and dentures (PR = 2.2, 1.3–3.7) were associated with a higher prevalence of worsening. Scaling and cleaning services were associated with improvement in oral health (PR = 1.5, 1.01–2.3), while endodontic services were inversely associated with improvement (PR = 0.3, 0.1–0.9). Worsening in oral health was associated with extractions and dentures and was inversely associated with visiting and preventive care. Improvement in oral health was associated with preventive care and was inversely associated with endodontic treatment.     

子宫肌瘤组织在注入甲氨蝶呤后的病理学改变

 目的探讨子宫肌瘤在注入MTX(甲氨蝶呤)后缩小的机制.方法对5例子宫肌瘤在注入MTX半个月及1个月后行手术治疗,对其标本进行了光镜和电镜观察并与同期未注药标本进行了比较.结果所有注入MTX的标本光镜下,均可见明显的平滑肌细胞的水肿、变性,单位视野内的血管数目明显减少,血管腔变窄;电镜下见平滑肌细胞内变性、水肿、扩张的内质网和线粒体等.结论 MTX的缩瘤效果是通过减少肌瘤内的血供和直接的细胞凋亡来完成的.     

伤寒论评话 第2章 医论皇遑承古今,热病繁泛贯六经——“六经”的由来

目的：为使初学者更好地理解伤寒论原文的含义,探讨《伤寒论》六经的由来。方法：以建筑物内管网作比喻,简要分析与伤寒理论有关的一些概念,比如脏腑、阴阳、经络,同时也指出了伤寒六经的概念及形成的名、名形结合、名形用像结合的三个阶段;指出六经辨证的内涵是对疾病因、性、位、时、量、势六因素的分析,而其外延则是后世中医所有辨证方法的基础。同时也提出了伤寒传变的条件和方式。结果：认为十二条正经是以阴、阳、手、足、脏、腑分别命名而来的,若不分左右和手足就合并为六经。六经传变、六经辨证即依此而来。结论：六经辨证是从《黄帝内经》发展而来,又成为后代八纲辨证、脏腑辨证、三焦辨证等方法的基础。