医学论文中统计表达和描述方面的错误辨析与释疑

1问题的提出在医学论文或稿件中,人们不可避免地要对收集到的科研资料进行表达和描述。表达和描述统计资料,看起来是一件非常容易的事,然而,很多人常犯这样或那样的错误。统计表方面,主要错误是表中数据的含义未表达清楚,令人费解。统计图方面,主要错误有两个。其一,横坐标轴上     

激光的生物医学基础研究概况

本文主要介绍近年来激光的生行医学基础研究和应用于生物医学的激光新技术，新方法及其发展趋向。     

Contextualising the medical risks of cigarette smoking: Australian young women’s perceptions of anti-smoking campaigns

This paper presents results from a qualitative analysis of the perceptions Australian young women cigarette smokers have of the medical health messages espoused through anti-smoking campaigns. The study aims to show that the deployment of medico-scientific knowledges in the most recent series of anti-smoking campaigns disseminated in New South Wales Australia (those which emerged in the 1990s under the auspices of the National Tobacco Campaign (NTC)), means that for a number of reasons, the anti-smoking message becomes detached from the everyday life circumstances and smoking choices of the young women. Semi-structured face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 Australian young women smokers aged 18 to 24. The sample was purposively selected according to gender, age, and smoking status. Interviewees were drawn from the Sydney metropolitan and surrounding Sydney area, the Newcastle area and the Hunter Valley area. The interviews were one-off and took place from May to December 2002. The study found that there are a range of important issues which flow from the tendency of the anti-smoking discourse to characterise and profile smoking as a ‘risky’ health behaviour. For young women who smoke for the positive benefits associated with the activity (such as stress relief and enhanced social interactions), the risks may be justified as part of a risk profiling, where the smoker sees the risk as a risk they are willing to take in an inherently uncertain and risky world. For anti-smoking campaigns to impact on young people, they must adopt strategies which increase the awareness of young people regarding their own particular health risks, and do so in ways which are non-judgemental and even optimistic, without tacitly endorsing risky behaviour.     

From the bench to clinical practice: understanding the challenges and uncertainties in immunogenicity testing for biopharmaceuticals

Unlike conventional chemical drugs where immunogenicity typically does not occur, the development of anti‐drug antibodies following treatment with biologics has led to concerns about their impact on clinical safety and efficacy. Hence the elucidation of the immunogenicity of biologics is required for drug approval by health regulatory authorities worldwide. Published ADA ‘incidence’ rates can vary greatly between same‐class products and different patient populations. Such differences are due to disparate bioanalytical methods and interpretation approaches, as well as a plethora of product‐specific and patient‐specific factors that are not fully understood. Therefore, the incidence of ADA and their association with clinical consequences cannot be generalized across products. In this context, the intent of this review article is to discuss the complex nature of ADA and key nuances of the methodologies used for immunogenicity assessments, and to dispel some fallacies and myths.     

‘The world has changed’: pharmaceutical citizenship and the reimagining of serodiscordant sexuality among couples with mixed HIV status in Australia

In this article, I revisit the question of whether HIV can ever be reimagined and re‐embodied as a potentially non‐infectious condition, drawing on a current qualitative study of couples with mixed HIV status (serodiscordance) in Australia. Recent clinical trials have consolidated a shift in scientific understandings of HIV infectiousness by showing that antiretroviral treatment effectively prevents the sexual transmission of HIV. Contrary to common critiques, I explore how the increasing biomedicalisation of public health and the allied discourse of ‘normalisation’ can in fact de‐marginalise stigmatised relationships and sexualities. Invoking Ecks's concept of ‘pharmaceutical citizenship’, I consider whether the emerging global strategy of HIV ‘treatment‐as‐prevention’ (TasP) can open up new trajectories that release serodiscordant sexuality from its historical moorings in discourses of risk and stigma, and whether these processes might re‐inscribe serodiscordant sexuality as ‘normal’ and safe, potentially shifting the emphasis in HIV prevention discourses away from sexual practice toward treatment uptake and adherence.     

Initiating Hehe (和合) medical system of traditional chinese medicine and biomedicine to realize health cycle of human beings

This paper suggests a novel approach concerning the medical treatment of human beings,which appears to be economically and practically superior to either biomedicine or traditional medicine.A brand new medical system—Hehe(和合) medicine,has been proposed based on a preventive-biomedical-psycho-social treatment model.This is characterized by a dual approach in which life nurturing is consistently practised and medical treatment is applied when necessary in order to maintain a healthy life.Its core value would facilitate the self-restoration to health and self-adaptation to nature through health cultivation and medical means.Medical services would be firstly provided to the prevention of potential disease germinating in the human body,and clinical medical treatment would be the last resort of systematic medical practice.This paper discusses not only this new concept but also the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine and biomedicine,especially how both medical systems compare in cognitive style,on a cultural level,and on a technical level.     

医学的文化视角:基于医学人类学的理念

医学人类学是以人类学的理论视角和方法对不同文化的健康保健?疾病治疗模式进行研究,其理论视角可分为生物文化视角和社会文化视角?有关疾病的理论和实践本质上属于一种文化范畴,医学人类学从文化的角度对盛行于当今全世界的西方生化医疗模式进行了深刻的反思?     

贵州省生物医药企业专利现状分析

目的研究贵州省生物医药企业的专利申请状况,为该省生物医药企业制定知识产权战略特别是专利保护方面提供借鉴。方法利用国家知识产权局数据库,检索贵州省生物医药企业专利申请量,运用统计学方法分析贵州省上市企业(贵州益佰制药股份有限公司)专利申请量与经济效益的相关性。结果贵州省161家生物医药企业中,只有1家(占0.6%)专利申请量>100件,3家(占1.9%)>50件,126家(占78.3%)<10件,其中17家(占10.6%)只有1件专利申请,62家(占38.5%)无专利申请记录;贵州省上市生物医药企业中,贵州益佰制药股份有限公司专利申请量最多(196件),其专利申请量与销售收入呈显著的正相关。结论专利申请量多的生物医药企业经济效益好,但是贵州省生物医药产业对知识产权重视不够;贵州省中药生产企业过半,重视中药知识产权战略尤其是中药专利保护可以为贵州省生物医药发展保驾护航。     

生物医学新材料金纳米粒子的细胞毒性研究进展

金纳米粒子潜在的细胞毒性是制约其临床应用的一个重要原因。针对金纳米粒子及设计用于生物医学领域的金纳米粒子复合物的细胞毒性,综述近年来的最新研究进展,以尽可能地全面揭示金纳米粒子的细胞毒性,为其进一步的开发利用提供参考。     

文本挖掘在生物医学领域中的应用及其系统工具

系统介绍了生物医学文本挖掘的具体流程和文本挖掘技术在生物医学领域中的应用情况,并着重从自然语言处理和本体、命名实体识别、关系抽取、文本分类与聚类、共现分析、系统工具及评价、可视化等方面分别做了阐述.