妊娠合并自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征一例

卵巢过度刺激综合征是辅助生殖技术常见的并发症,通常在排卵后2周或2周以上发生。然而自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征极其罕见,一些病例报道表明,自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的发生与卵泡刺激素受体突变、高人绒毛膜促性腺激素水平、高促甲状腺激素水平、促性腺激素垂体腺瘤等有关。现报告1例双胎妊娠合并自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的病例,并进一步探讨自发性卵巢过度刺激综合征的可能病因、诊断和治疗原则。     

支原体感染与辅助生殖技术失败的研究进展

支原体在女性生殖道中具有较高的感染率,绝大多数女性感染后无明显症状或仅表现为轻微临床症状,易被患者忽视。支原体可通过介导免疫炎症反应,引起输卵管和子宫内膜形态和功能发生改变,从而导致不孕。对于辅助生殖技术(ART)失败的女性,应考虑支原体引起内膜容受性改变造成胚胎植入失败的可能。因此,再次行胚胎植入前,可建议进行宫腔镜检查、内膜活检、宫颈分泌物涂片检测以判断是否存在支原体感染引起的慢性子宫内膜炎。若存在支原体感染,应采用抗生素等多种手段进行干预,再行经阴道超声多普勒(TVS)检测内膜厚度、血流及蠕动波来评估疗效,从而避免辅助生殖的再次失败。此外,支原体感染对辅助生殖失败的影响可能存在个体差异。     

Education to Reduce Potentially Harmful Medication Use Among Residents of Assisted Living Facilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the effect of nurse training on the use of potentially harmful medications; and (2) to explore the effect of nurse training on residents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL), health service utilization, and mortality.DesignA randomized controlled trial.Setting and participantsIn total, 227 residents in 20 wards of assisted living facilities in Helsinki were recruited. The 20 wards were randomized into those in which (1) staff received two 4-hour training sessions on appropriate medication treatment (intervention group), and (2) staff received no additional training and continued to provide routine care (control group).InterventionTwo 4-hour interactive training sessions for nursing staff based on constructive learning theory to recognize potentially harmful medications and corresponding adverse drug events.MeasurementsUse of potentially harmful medications, HRQoL assessed using the 15 dimensional instrument of health-related quality of life, health service utilization, and mortality assessed at baseline, and 6 and 12 months.ResultsDuring the 12-month follow-up, the mean number of potentially harmful medications decreased in the intervention wards [−0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.71 to −0.15] but remained constant in the control wards (+0.11, 95% CI −0.09 to +0.31) (P = .004, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities). HRQoL declined more slowly in the intervention wards (−0.038 (95% CI −0.054 to −0.022) than in the control wards (−0.072 (95% CI −0.089 to −0.055) (P = .005, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities). Residents of the intervention wards had significantly less hospital days (1.4 days/person/year, 95% CI 1.2–1.6) than in the control wards (2.3 days/person/year; 95% CI 2.1–2.7) (relative risk 0.60, 95% CI 0.49–0.75, P < .001, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities).ConclusionsActivating learning methods directed at nurses in charge of comprehensive care can reduce the use of harmful medications, maintain HRQoL, and reduce hospitalization in residents of assisted living facilities.     

不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响分析

目的探讨不同呼气末正压下神经调节辅助通气对AECOPD患者呼吸功的影响。方法选取2015年6月~2016年6月在我院治疗的80例AECOPD患者,将80例患者分为研究组和对照组,每组40例,对照组患者采用3 cmH2O的呼气末正压,研究组患者采用9.8 cmH2O的呼气末正压。治疗后,观察两组患者血常规、排痰量以及肺功能的差距。结果研究组治疗总有效率为95.0%,明显高于对照组的80.0%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗前,两组患者的FEV1%(第1秒用力呼气容积)、FEV1%/FVC(第1秒呼气容积同肺活量之间的比值)、6MWT(6 min步行试验)和FEV1未出现明显差异(P0.05),在治疗后,研究组的FEV1%、FEV1%/FVC、6MWT和FEV1水平明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论神经调节辅助通气对于AECOPD患者有明显的治疗效果,并且呼气末正压越高,对AECOPD患者的治疗效果越好,能够明显改善患者的肺部功能,值得进一步推广和应用。