轻中型颅脑损伤后认知功能障碍的DTI研究

目的应用弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)技术探讨轻中型颅脑损伤病人不同部位脑白质微结构改变与其认知功能障碍的相关性。方法分析127例轻中型颅脑损伤病人的临床资料,伤后10 d采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评定有无认知功能障碍,并常规行头颅MRI检查,采集DTI数据,测量两侧额叶、颞叶内侧、顶叶,胼胝体膝部和压部,中脑部位的感兴趣区各向异性分数(FA值)、表观弥散系数(ADC值),并与Mo CA评估结果进行相关性分析。结果以Mo CA量表为标准评定,无认知功能障碍41例(32.28%,无认知障碍组),存在认知功能障碍86例(67.72%,认知障碍组),主要表现为视空间与执行功能、注意力和计算力、语言、抽象能力、延迟记忆的障碍。与无认知障碍的病人相比,认知障碍的病人两侧额叶、颞叶内侧、胼胝体膝部FA值降低,ADC值增加,差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论轻中型颅脑损伤病人早期存在显著认知功能障碍,以视空间与执行功能、注意力和计算力、语言、抽象能力、延迟记忆障碍为主。颅脑损伤后早期认知功能障碍与病人额叶、颞叶、胼胝体白质受损密切相关。     

3.0T磁共振扩散张量成像诊断前列腺外周带癌的初步研究

目的应用3.0 T磁共振成像系统探讨扩散张量成像(DTI)诊断前列腺外周带癌的价值。资料与方法搜集在3.0 T MR行前列腺检查并经穿刺活检证实的33例前列腺病变患者资料。扫描序列包括矢、冠、轴位TSET2WI序列及轴位单次激发平面回波成像(SS-EPI)DTI序列,b值采用0和700 s/mm2。扫描图像由两名放射学家进行评估,将前列腺外周带分为六个区域(每侧外周带分为尖部、中部和基底部三部分),根据穿刺结果将每个区域定为癌区或非癌区,测量前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的表观扩散系数(ADC)值和各向异性分数(FA)值。采用t检验比较两者的ADC和FA值,并对DTI参数建立Logistic回归模型,对ADC、FA值和DTI参数行受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析以确定它们区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的效能。结果前列腺外周带癌区及外周带非癌区的ADC值分别为(1.02±0.16)×10-3mm2/s和(1.22±0.14)×10-3mm2/s;FA值分别为0.38±0.09和0.31±0.06,两者差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.0001,P<0.0001)。ADC值、FA值及DTI区分前列腺外周带癌区和非癌区的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.84、0.76和0.86。DTI曲线下面积显著高于FA值(P=0.0009),但DTI和ADC曲线下面积无显著差异(P=0.1595)。结论 DTI有助于诊断前列腺外周带癌。     

Highly diffusion-sensitized MRI of brain: dissociation of gray and white matter.

The brains of six healthy volunteers were scanned with a full tensor diffusion MRI technique to study the effect of a high b value on diffusion-weighted images (DWIs). The b values ranged from 500 to 5000 s/mm(2). Isotropic DWIs, trace apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were created for each b value. As the b value increased, ADC decreased in both the gray and white matter. Furthermore, ADC of the white matter became lower than that of the gray matter, and, as a result, the white matter became brighter than the gray matter in the isotropic DWIs. Quantitative analysis showed that these changes were due to nonmonoexponential diffusion signal decay of the brain tissue, which was more prominent in white matter than in gray matter. There was no significant change in relation to the b value in the FA maps. High b value appears to have a dissociating effect on gray and white matter in DWIs.     

MR imaging of the thyroid: correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient and thyroid gland scintigraphy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of echo-planar MR imaging for assessing the thyroid function and confirm the clinical use of MR imaging for thyroid diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with a variety of thyroid disorders (24 Graves disease; five subacute thyroiditis; five Hashimoto thyroiditis) were examined using T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and thyroid scintigraphy with Tc-99m pertechnetate. RESULTS: The ADC values obtained from the diffusion-weighted images of the patients with Graves disease were significantly higher than those of patients with subacute hyroiditis and Hashimoto thyroiditis, though no difference among those disorders was observed on T1- and T2-weighted images. Based on the ADC value, anisotropy was not observed in the thyroid gland. An ADC value of 1.82 x 10(-3) mm(2)/second or higher indicated the presence of Graves disease (sensitivity 75%, specificity 80%). CONCLUSION: Diffusion-weighted MR images may be of value for the diagnosis of thyroid diseases and could be clinically important in the evaluation of thyroid function.     

正常成人骶髂关节ADC值测量研究

目的:探讨健康成人骶髂关节的DWI特征,测量b值=500s/mm2时骶髂关节ADC值范围,为进一步研究DWI在骶髂关节病变中的应用提供依据。方法:应用Siemens Avanto 1.5T MRI扫描仪对100例随机选取的健康成人志愿者共200个骶髂关节行常规序列及DWI序列扫描。分别测量双侧骶骨面、髂骨面ROI的ADC值,比较同一b值不同部位ADC值的差异。按年龄分为3组(≤30岁;31~50岁;≥51岁),比较不同年龄组骶骨及髂骨ADC值的差异。结果:在b值=500s/mm2时,髂骨和骶骨的ADC值分别为(311.95±55.32)mm2/s、(362.64±72.16)mm2/s;成像条件相同时,骶骨的ADC值大于髂骨的ADC值,差异有统计学意义。不同年龄组骶骨、髂骨ADC值比较,差异有统计学意义。结论:本研究得到了1.5T MRI正常人骶髂关节的ADC值范围,为DWI在骶髂关节相关疾病的研究提供了一定的参考价值。     

Calibration and response of an EMI scanner

Summary Computed tomography provides a measurement of the linear absorption coefficient of material in vivo. The precision and accuracy of the measurements of this parameter made by the EMI scanner have been investigated at all three recommended voltage settings of the machine. The relationship between the EMI number and the linear absorption coefficient was found to be linear despite the polychromatic nature of the X-ray beam. The spatial resolution of the machine and the response to materials at different depths within the section have also been investigated.     

磁共振扩散张量成像在诊断脑膜瘤及星形细胞瘤中的应用

磁共振扩散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）是在扩散加权成像（diffusion-weighted imaging, DWI）基础上发展起来的一种水成像新技术,是通过测定表观扩散系数（apparent diffusion coefficient, ADC）和各向异性分数（fractional anisotropy, FA）来量化组织内水分子的扩散速度和方向,反映脑白质纤维束病理状态及其与邻近肿瘤关系,进而鉴别肿瘤良恶性,为临床制定手术方案和预后评估提供有价值的信息。