Respiratory health status in swine producers using respiratory protective devices

A cross-sectional survey on respiratory health in swine producers showed that 30% of 301 examined men usually used a dust mask when working inside a barn. They did not differ significantly from dust mask nonusers in respect to respiratory symptoms and lung function. This analysis was undertaken to determine whether the respiratory health of dust mask users was associated with reasons why they had started individual respiratory protection. The subjects were recontacted in order to identify those who started using a mask to deliberately prevent symptoms (42 men) and those who started protection because of pre-existing respiratory symptoms (44 men). Not unexpectedly, betweengroup comparisons of respiratory symptoms and lung function suggest that swine producers who wear dust masks for preventive purposes have better respiratory health than those who wear dust masks because of symptoms or those who do not use individual respiratory protection. The individual reasons for starting dust mask usage should be examined among potential determinants of the outcomes of prospective studies which can then provide more valid assessment of the effect of individual respiratory protection. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

阿拉善黄鼠疫源地动物鼠疫预报的数学模型

根据我国阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地1981～1993年鼠疫监测资料，采用多元逐步曲线回归分析，建立了预报阿拉善黄鼠鼠疫流行的数学模型，其拟合率为100%，并得出影响鼠疫流行的主要因子为黄鼠密度和巢蚤指数。     

高强度超声对犬前列腺组织损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨经尿道高强度超声 (transurethralhighintensityultrasound ,TUHIU)治疗良性前列腺增生症 (benignprostatichyperplasia ,BPH)的有效性和可行性。方法　对犬前列腺进行TUHIU辐照处理 ,辐照后不同时期处死动物以观察其急性、亚急性和慢性期大体及组织病理变化。同时观察辐照前后影像学变化。结果　TUHIU辐照前前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 0 66± 0 12 ( x±s)cm ,辐照 3周后前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 2 11± 1 0 7cm ,较辐照前显著增宽。辐照后可见靶区内尿道周围腺体发生凝固性坏死 ,3 0～ 60天后坏死组织脱落尿道呈囊腔状。光、电镜下均可见腺上皮及基质细胞发生均匀性凝固性坏死。辐照后经腹B超示前列腺内部出现液性暗区 ,前列腺呈囊性改变。辐照后即刻各犬均出现短暂性尿潴留、尿频、尿线变细 ,1月后恢复正常。结论　TUHIU可破坏前列腺组织 ,明显增加前列腺部尿道宽度。     

大鼠肾移植模型技术的改进

目的 为开展器官移植的实验研究，建立了大鼠异体肾移植模型。方法使用Wistar大鼠分别作为供者和受者，采用原位低温灌洗，肾动脉带一小段主动脉，肾静脉带一小段下腔静脉、输尿管末端带一直径约为0．5cm的膀胱瓣的供者手术方式；受者主动脉与供者主动脉、受者下腔静脉与供者下腔静脉进行端侧吻合，在受者膀胱上剪去一膀胱瓣与供者相同大小的圆瓣，然后进行一层膀胱吻合。结果 第一阶段为实验探索阶段，经过半年近150次的实验摸索，克服了移植物灌洗、血管吻合、膀胱吻合等技术难关，终于建立了比较稳定的大鼠同种异体肾移植模型。第二阶段为模型成熟阶段，冷热缺血时间、血管吻合的速度以及手术时间都比第一阶段有所缩短。手术成功率为85％左右，动物死亡的原因主要为血管吻合口出血、灌洗不良、休克、血栓形成以及膀胱漏尿致弥漫性腹膜炎等。结论 此模型容易掌握，可以在条件比较简单的实验室开展，除常规显微外科器械外不需要特殊的器械或设备。     

急性软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型的研究

本文报道应用高分子右旋糖酐制成软脑膜微循环障碍的动物实验模型。软脑膜微循环障碍模型的标志;软脑膜微血管血流速度减慢,血液流态呈粒状流或絮状流,血细胞聚集。 将98只家兔分成甲、乙二组。甲组38只,静脉注射平均分子量为25万的高分子右旋糖酐,乙组60只,静脉注射平均分子量为49万的高分子右旋糖酐。实验结果发现,甲组38只家兔仅28只可复制成软脑膜微循环障碍的实验模型,模型复制成功率为73.6％;乙组60只家兔,59只可形成软脑膜微循环障碍实验模型,成功率为98.3％。本实验证明复制动物模型以49万分子量的高分子有旋糖酐为宜。 本实验模型可用于脑微循环障碍和改善脑微循环药物的研究工作。     

肺外科中单侧肺缺血-再灌注损伤的研究

目的 通过建立新西兰白兔肺外科单侧肺缺血-再灌注损伤动物模型,观察其缺血-再灌注损伤特点.方法 将96只健康新西兰兔随机分成3组:Ⅰ组为对照组(n=36);Ⅱ组为单纯阻断肺动脉组(n=30);Ⅲ组为阻断肺循环组(n=30).术中监测动物血流动力学指标;分别于开胸时(Ⅰ组)、缺血1小时和再灌注1、2、4、6 h(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组)取肺组织检测MDA;取肺组织作病理学观察,并测定手术侧肺湿/干比.结果 各组动物术中血流动力学指标平稳;在缺血1 h和再灌注1、2、4、6 h,Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较,肺湿/干比及肺组织中MDA含量的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),Ⅰ组与Ⅱ、Ⅲ组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在相同的时间点,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组呈现相似的肺损伤病理改变,且较为明显的肺损伤均出现在再灌注4h,再灌注6h肺损伤均呈恢复趋势.结论 肺外科中肺动脉阻断和肺循环阻断所致肺缺血一再灌注损伤特点相似,肺外科中肺血管阻断1h是安全的.     

三种实验性IgA肾病模型的比较

目的探讨建立一种理想的IgA肾病（IgAN）动物模型方法。方法分别采用葡聚糖G200、大肠杆菌外膜蛋白和金葡菌的细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇诱导小鼠IgA肾病模型。用分子生物学和病理学方法对3组IgAN模型小鼠进行鉴定和比较。结果（1）葡聚糖组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示部分肾小球大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，肝和脾可见弥漫性的粉染物质沉积；电镜下肾小球系膜区少量低电子密度的致密沉积物，肝和脾可见淀粉丝样物质沉积。（2）大肠杆菌外膜蛋白组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示肾小球有少量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞轻度增多，间质炎细胞浸润明显；电镜下肾小球系膜区无电子致密沉积物。（3）金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组尿蛋白增高，伴有血尿；免疫荧光显示多数肾小球均可见大量IgA沉积；光镜下肾小球系膜细胞增多，伴系膜基质轻度增生；电镜下肾小球系膜区和基底膜的内皮细胞下可见高电子密度的致密沉积物。结论金葡菌细胞膜20肽抗原决定簇组诱导的IgAN模型从临床表现和病理学变化与人IgAN极其相似，是3种IgAN模型中最理想的IgAN模型。     

不同深度糖尿病大鼠烫伤模型的制备

目的探讨恒温恒压电热烫伤仪制作糖尿病大鼠不同深度烫伤模型的可行性。方法链脲佐菌素诱导正常SD大鼠制作糖尿病大鼠模型，诱导成功1、2、3、4周检测皮肤晚期糖基化终产物、胶原含量，以正常SD大鼠作为对照，判断典型糖尿病性皮肤改变所需的时间。以恒温恒压烫伤仪制作烫伤模型，制模条件为0．5kg压力下，80℃，分别作用时间4．6、12s，48h后取材行苏木素-伊红（HE）染色检测烫伤深度。结果糖尿病大鼠诱导成功后4周，皮肤晚期糖基化终产物含量为（31．40±3．45）U／mg、胶原含量为（12．60±0．57）mg／g，与正常对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），并出现典型的糖尿病性皮肤改变。HE染色烫伤时间4、6、12s时深度依次为浅Ⅱ度、深Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度。结论恒温恒压电热烫伤仪制作糖尿病大鼠不同深度烫伤模型简单、方便，重复性高，为研究糖尿病创面愈合提供较为理想的模型。     

Assessing the Stiffness of Spinal Fusion in Animal Models

The clinical goal of spinal fusion is to reduce motion and the associated pain. Therefore, measuring motion under loading is critical. The purpose of this study was to validate four-point bending as a means to mechanically evaluate simulated fusions in dog and rabbit spines. We hypothesized that this method would be more sensitive than manual palpation and would be able to distinguish unilateral vs bilateral fusion. Spines from four mixed breed dogs and four New Zealand white rabbits were used to simulate posterolateral fusion with polymethyl methacrylate as the fusion mass. We performed manual palpation and nondestructive mechanical testing in four-point bending in four planes of motion: flexion, extension, and right and left bending. This testing protocol was used for each specimen in three fusion modes: intact, unilateral, and bilateral fusion. Under manual palpation, all intact spines were rated as not fused, and all unilateral and bilateral simulated fusions were rated as fused. In four-point bending, dog spines were significantly stiffer after unilateral fusion compared with intact in all directions. Additionally, rabbit spines were stiffer in flexion and left bending after unilateral fusion. All specimens exhibited significant differences between intact and bilateral fusion except the rabbit in extension. For unilateral vs bilateral fusion, significant differences were present for right bending in the dog model and for flexion in the rabbit. Unilateral fusion can provide enough stability to constitute a fused grade by manual palpation but may not provide structural stiffness comparable to bilateral fusion.     

大鼠肝细胞凋亡和坏死动物模型的建立及评价

目的:通过大鼠肝右叶血供干预分别建立肝细胞凋亡和坏死动物模型,为进一步的磁共振成像实验奠定基础。方法:选取体重为250-300克的SD大鼠90只,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组30只,分别行肝右叶门静脉和肝动脉结扎术、门静脉结扎术及假手术,各组在术后3 h及1、3、7和14 d分别处死6只大鼠,取肝脏标本送病理及电镜检查。结果: A组30只大鼠肝右叶发生凝固性坏死,光镜及电镜下均呈典型的坏死改变,TUNEL染色呈阴性;B组30只大鼠肝右叶发生小灶性凋亡,光镜下可见肝细胞核固缩改变,电镜下见肝组织核边集和凋亡小体,TUNEL染色呈阳性改变。术后3 h 即可见凋亡细胞,24 h时凋亡细胞数最多,7 d后肝组织开始发生小灶性坏死;C组30只大鼠肝右叶未发生凋亡和坏死的病理改变。结论:大鼠肝右叶门静脉和肝动脉双结扎可建立胆脏凝固性坏死模型,单纯肝右叶门静脉结扎能构建肝细胞小灶性凋亡模型。