Extraction of Alkalis from Silicate Materials Part 1—Amorphous Silicate Materials

The main building materials widely used worldwide are those based on cement, glass, and ceramics. Taking into account the fact that the raw material base for the production of these materials is narrowing, and the quality of raw materials is declining, methods are being used to modify the structure of silicate materials in order to improve their properties when using cheaper raw materials and industrial waste, which should help reduce the energy intensity of their production. One of the ways to reduce energy consumption is the use of alkaline components in the chemical composition of silicate materials, which makes it possible to reduce the temperature of their synthesis. However, the presence of alkalis in the material at the stage of the operation is undesirable since it contributes, for example, to a decrease in the chemical resistance of silicate glasses or leads to the phenomenon of alkaline corrosion in cement products. In this regard, in order to reduce the negative impact of alkalis, it is necessary to extract them from the surface layers of the silicate material. There are various methods for extracting alkalis from silicate materials, some of which are presented in this article.     

吴忠市回汉族孕妇骨代谢相关生化指标测定比较及临床意义

目的了解回、汉族孕妇骨代谢的变化情况,及时提出干预措施,指导孕妇合理膳食。方法分别采用光电比色法、酶免分析法对161例回、汉族妊娠妇女进行了血钙(Ca2 )、血磷(P)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRACP)的测定。结果回、汉族孕妇BALP分别为20.70±8.92和18.80±5.71,TRACP为7.94±2.19和7.24±2.84;而且BALP活性随孕周增加呈逐渐增加趋势,与对照组比较差别有显著性或非常显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01);TRACP活性随孕周增加有升高趋势,但差别无显著性。血Ca2 、血P孕期无显著变化。结论测定妊娠期妇女血清中BALP和TRACP有助于了解孕妇骨代谢状况,对孕妇钙营养的监测有很大帮助。     

失重下骨碎补总黄酮抑制JNK通路促间充质干细胞增殖的研究

目的:观察模拟失重状态下,骨碎补总黄酮抑制JNK通路促间充质干细胞增殖的作用机制。方法:体外培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,制备含有骨碎补总黄酮药物的血清及不含药物的血清。随机分组给药,分为失重组、失重骨碎补总黄酮药物干预组(失重药物组)和失重空白血清组3组,随后建立失重模型,加入骨碎补血清培养液,观察形态学变化,噻唑蓝检测间充质干细胞增殖情况,PNPP检测碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)表达,PCR测定氨基末端激酶(Jun Nterminal kinase,JNK)表达。结果:与失重组比较,失重空白血清组间充质干细胞增殖明显(P0.05),ALP活性明显升高,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。失重药物组与其他组比较,JNK通路表达降低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:骨碎补总黄酮可能是通过抑制JNK通路促进失重下间充质干细胞增殖。     

Primary biliary cirrhosis in female subjects with sicca-associated antibodies

Abstract

The aim of this study is to clarify the time course of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in subjects possessing anticentromere antibodies (ACA), anti-Ro, and/or anti-La antibodies, and who used alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a serological marker for PBC. Female subjects (n = 165), who had at least one of ACA, anti-Ro, and/or anti-La, were enrolled in this study. Groups A (ACA alone, n = 44), B (anti-Ro alone, n = 54), E (anti-Ro and anti-La, n = 52), and DFG (ACA with anti-Ro and/or anti-La, n = 14) were analyzed. Healthy females (n = 65) were used as a control. The frequencies of the PBC in groups A (13.6%) and DFG (14.3%) were higher than those in groups B (1.9%) and E (0.0%). The ALP levels increased with age in groups A and DFG and slightly increased with age in groups B and C, and the control group. After correcting for age by analysis of covariance, a comparison of ALP levels among the groups not having anti-M₂ was as follows: group A ≒ group DFG > group B ≒ group E ≒ the control group. The subjects with ACA might thus have PBC more frequently than either those with anti-Ro and/or anti-La, or the control subjects.     

血清骨标志物与2 型糖尿病患者 心血管疾病风险的关系

目的 评估2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中6 种骨标志物（骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白、骨 保护素、碱性磷酸酶和骨硬化蛋白）水平是否与心血管疾病（CVD）风险相关。方法 选取2015 年9 月— 2018 年12 月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的T2DM 患者200 例,其中100 例在2 年的随访过程中出现了 CVD。根据随访期间是否发生CVD 分为CVD 组和无CVD 组,每组100 例。用多重试剂盒法测量血清中 6 种骨标志物,使用多因素Logistic 回归分析评估骨标志物与CVD 风险的关系。结果 CVD 组年龄、糖尿病 病程、骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶、骨硬化蛋白水平较无CVD 组高（P <0.05）。 多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示,较高血浆浓度的骨桥蛋白水平[Ol ^ R=5.112（95％ CI ：1.032,22.423）, P =0.000] 是T2DM 患者发生CVD 的危险因素。结论 高骨桥蛋白是T2DM 患者CVD 风险的独立危险因素, 而其他5 种骨标志物和CVD 风险无关。     

Graves病患者促甲状腺激素受体抗体与肝功能指标的关系

目的 探讨Graves病患者促甲状腺激素受体抗体（TRAb）与肝功能各指标间的关系。方法 选取 2014年1月—2018年6月南京中医药大学附属医院内分泌科收治的Graves病患者231例。其中,男性53例, 女性178例。检测所有患者TRAb、甲状腺功能及肝功能指标;通过非参数检验、Logistic回归模型分析及ROC曲线,分析Graves病患者肝功能异常指标与TRAb的关联性。结果 231例患者中,有58.4%患者存在不同程度的肝功能受损;TRAb水平四分位分组后发现,随着TRAb水升高,游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）和游离甲状腺素（FT4）上升（P?<0.05）,而肝功能指标中只有碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的组间比较,差异有统计学意义 （P?<0.05）;在控制性别、年龄、FT3、FT4和其他肝功能指标后,Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,随着TRAb水平升高,血清ALP升高的相对危险度增加（P?<0.05）,TRAb水平四分位的OlR值达3.284（95% CI：1.221, 8.832）;ROC曲线分析显示,当TRAb≥11.96?IU/L时,ALP升高的危险增加。结论 TRAb水平是Graves病 患者ALP升高的影响因素。     

骨肉瘤成骨细胞表型与临床因素的相关性研究

目的采集手术切除未经培养的骨肉瘤标本,研究肿瘤中成骨细胞的分化及其与临床因素的关系。方法观察骨肉瘤中成骨细胞相关基因表达的频率、特异性,以及骨肉瘤成骨细胞表型与生物学行为的关系。应用RT-PCR方法研究48例骨肉瘤标本的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨钙素(OC)和骨桥蛋白(ON)的mRNA转录。磷酸甘油酸激酶(PGK)被用于内参照。结果在大多数骨肉瘤标本中可以发现ALP或OC的mRNA转录(分别为93.75%,79.17%)。在所有的肉瘤检测中均可发现ON的mRNA转录。在骨肉瘤的成骨细胞亚型中可见到ALP和OC的高水平表达。肺转移瘤OC的mRNA表达弱于原发灶。肿瘤细胞有高水平OC表达的病例组有较高的生存率(P=0.045)。结论OC是目前最好的成骨细胞特异性标记物,将来可能用于检测骨肉瘤患者外周血中循环的肿瘤细胞。     

Development of a synthetic peptide-based tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase radioimmunoassay for the measurement of bone resorption in rat serum

Selective markers of bone turnover provide a convenient and reproducible alternative to the complex and expensive histochemical techniques used commonly to study the effect of pharmacological agents and the pathogenesis of bone disease in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model. One marker, which has been specifically linked to terminally differentiated osteoclasts and, thus, provides useful insight at cellular levels, is type-5 tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP). We describe the development of a TRACP radioimmunoassay (RIA), which requires synthetic peptide for antibody development. To develop the RIA, polyclonal antibodies were generated in goats against a synthetic peptide, DPSVRHQRKCY, corresponding to amino acid residues 267–275 of the rat type-5 TRACP sequence. In the RIA, 50 μl of rat serum, 100 μl of goat anti-TRACP antibodies, and 100 μl of tracer were incubated overnight. The antibody-bound fraction was separated, counted, and unknown values were calculated by comparison with the peptide calibrator. Rat serum shows parallelism with the synthetic peptide calibrator used in the RIA. The sensitivity of the RIA was 24.7 μg/l, and the measuring range was 19–2476 μg/l. The average intra-assay coefficients of variation for (CV) two controls were less than 7%. The average dilution and spike recoveries were 107% and 87%, respectively. We applied our peptide-based RIA to study bone resorption in an OVX rat model. TRACP concentrations in serum in 12-week-old OVX Sprague Dawley rats were 14%–22% (P < 0.05) higher than those in the sham-operated rats, and TRACP concentrations in OVX rats treated with estradiol were 24%–32% lower (P < 0.01) than those in the vehicle-treated OVX group. Similarly, as compared with those in OVX rats, TRACP concentrations decreased to those of sham levels in OVX rats receiving 10 μg/kg per day of alendronate for 10 days. In addition, the TRACP levels determined by RIA showed a significant correlation with serum C-telopeptide (type-I collagen) concentrations (r = 0.56; P < 0.001) measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) developed earlier for the rat model. In conclusion, we have developed a TRACP RIA that could be used to monitor the rate of bone resorption in the rat model. Received: June 18, 2001 / Accepted: October 26, 2001     

Associations between osteoprotegerin and femoral neck BMD in hemodialysis patients

Numerous humoral factors are involved in the development of renal osteodystrophy, causing perturbations in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The RANKL/OPG cytokine system appears to mediate the effects of many of these factors on bone turnover, contributing to the pathogenesis of renal bone disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and biochemical correlations of BMD measurements in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Fifty-four hemodialysis patients underwent measurement of BMD at the proximal femur and the lumbar spine (L2–L4). Intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteoprotegerin (OPG), sRANKL, and main bone biochemical markers were also measured in serum samples of all patients. BMD of the femoral neck was negatively correlated with OPG levels (r = 0.333, P = 0.014). OPG levels were significantly different among normal, osteopenic, and osteoporotic tertiles defined according to BMD of the femoral neck. The highest OPG levels were measured in the lowest T-score (osteoporotic) tertile and were higher than in the osteopenic and normal tertiles (P < 0.05). A threshold level for OPG at 21.5 pmol/l enabled the detection of osteoporotic patients with 76.5% sensitivity and 62.2% specificity. BMD values of trabecular bone-rich sites of the skeleton such as lumbar spine (L2–L4), trochanter, and Ward’ s triangle were inversely correlated with total ALP levels (P < 0.05). Hemodialysis patients with low BMD of the femoral neck demonstrated higher OPG levels than patients with normal BMD. Those with lumbar spine (L2–L4), trochanteric, and Ward's triangle BMDs below the normal range presented higher total ALP levels. These results suggest that OPG and total ALP may be clinically useful markers in the detection of significant femoral neck and trabecular bone mineral deficit in hemodialysis patients, warranting further investigations.