中药水蛭提取及精制工艺的研究

目的:研究中药水蛭的提取及精制工艺,为水蛭提取物入制剂工艺提供技术依据。方法:依正交试验法,逆流循环提取技术,以效价法检测抗凝血酶活性为指标,对水蛭提取工艺进行优化,并运用膜分离技术对提取液进行精制。结果:最佳工艺为以12倍量0.9%氯化钠溶液提取5 h,循环3次最好,选择相对分子质量为30×103和0.5×103的膜即可达到精制的目的。结论:该提取、精制工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

Illuminating Neural Circuits in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and there is currently no cure. Neural circuit dysfunction is the fundamental mechanism underlying the learning and memory deficits in patients with AD. Therefore, it is important to understand the structural features and mechanisms underlying the deregulated circuits during AD progression, by which new tools for intervention can be developed. Here, we briefly summarize the most recently established cutting-edge experimental approaches and key techniques that enable neural circuit tracing and manipulation of their activity. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches. Finally, we review the applications of these techniques in the discovery of circuit mechanisms underlying β-amyloid and tau pathologies during AD progression, and as well as the strategies for targeted AD treatments.     

Fly MARCM and mouse MADM: genetic methods of labeling and manipulating single neurons

The Golgi staining method has served neuroscience well for more than a century. In this assay I review recent progresses using genetic methods to recapitulate and extend the Golgi staining method. These methods enable new discoveries on organization and development of neuronal circuits in the fly and mouse brains.     

氨溴索对循环紧闭全麻婴儿支气管肺泡灌洗液中PMN、TNF-α、IL-6及IL-8含量的影响

目的 通过观察氨溴索对循环紧闭全麻婴儿支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎性物质含量的影响,探讨其减轻婴儿术后呼吸道不良反应的机制.方法 择期ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级、行骨科及腹部手术患儿40例,随机分为氨溴索组(A组)和对照组(B组).每组20例.A组以0.3mg/kg氨溴索、B组以0.9%生理盐水10ml缓慢静脉注射.用药从术前2天开始,3次/天、于麻醉诱导前再给一次剂量.于气管插管后(T1)及全麻拔管前(T2)分别收集患儿的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF).EASIA法、EIA法分别测定BALF中IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α含量,赖氏法染色进行PMN计数.比较两组患儿BALF中炎性物质含量、术后呼吸道不良反应.结果 T1时两组患儿BALF中PMN、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8含量相似(P>0.05);T2时A组与B组相比,BALF中炎性物质减少(P<0.05);A组咳嗽发生率(29%)、气道分泌物量(25±11 mL)分别低于B组(63%)、(67±19ml)(P<0.05).结论 术前使用氨溴索可明显减轻气管插管循环紧闭全麻后婴儿呼吸道的不良反应,机制可能与氨溴索降低患儿BALF中炎性物质的含量有关.     

Autisme et psychanalyse : construction d’un dialogue entre les thèses de M.C. Laznik et E. Laurent

ObjectiveIn the context of the place and the contributions of psychoanalysis to the treatment of autism, I attempt to unpack the concepts of two of the leading thinkers in the French Lacanian psychoanalytical field, namely E. Laurent and M.C. Laznik, in order to locate convergences and divergences between their approaches.MethodCritical literature review. Reading of works with a Lacanian orientation. Establishment of a dialogue between the works of Laurent and Laznik through the reading of the concept of foreclosure of the hole by F. Schejtman.ResultsThe theoretical models proposed by Laurent and Laznik present more convergences than the distances between the schools of psychoanalysis suggest. Among them, the authors seem to locate, like other psychoanalysts, difficulties for autistic subjects regarding the drive circuit, as well as a freedom of the Imaginary in the knot. The divergences are found above all in the type of clinical practice that results from the proposed models, as well as in the relationship between Symbolic and Real.DiscussionThe discussions relate to important points of Laurent's texts, in order to specify the concept of foreclosure of the hole, and to Laznik's texts, in order to unpack the concept of failure of the third time of the drive and her proposal of a specific knot for autism.ConclusionThe Lacanian reading of Schejtman makes it possible to establish divergences and convergences in the approaches of the cited authors. From this emerges the need for a dialogue within psychoanalysis if we wish to improve our clinical practice.