开展学位课题查新，提高博士学位论文质量

简要回顾了第二军医大学医药卫生科技查新站6年来的博士学位课题查新工作,发现学位课题查新的主要特点是课题内容起点高,查新委托人信息检索能力普遍较强,查新申请时间集中。针对这些特点一是在选择检索工具、制定检索策略、筛选相关文献、撰写查新报告等一系列环节上遵循“查全”、“宽泛”的原则,二是细化查新报告的相关内容,提供个性化服务。普及信息检索知识,三是敦请机关职能部门督促各博士点尽旱进行查新申请,将学位课题查新的时间跨度延长,同时查新站需重视人才引进与查新队伍建设。     

非全程PBL课程中对护生实施多元评价的研究

目的：检验和分析在非全程PBL课程中对护理本科生的学习效果实施多元评价的必要性和合理性。方法：在课程实施的不同时间点,采取学生自评、学生互评、教师评价和卷面考核的方法,对48名护生进行学习效果评价。其中,成绩一由学生自评、学生互评、教师评价构成,为形成性评价;成绩二,即卷面考核成绩,为总结性评价。课程总评成绩为成绩一、成绩二与权重系数乘积之和。分析总评成绩、成绩一、成绩二之间的差异和关系。结果：成绩一呈负偏态分布,成绩二和总评成绩呈正态分布;成绩一、成绩二均与总评成绩相关非常显著,成绩一和成绩二之间无显著相关。结论：在非全程PBL教学模式下,为反映学生各方面的成长和发展,应采取形成性评价与总结性评价相结合的多元评价。但应注意提高形成性评价的准确性和可靠性。     

Examination marks of male university students positively correlate with finger length ratios (2D:4D)

Intersexual and intrasexual variation in second to fourth digit length (2D:4D) in humans may result from differential exposure to fetal testosterone. 2D:4D predicts several physiological, psychological and performance traits in adulthood. These relationships may reflect the 'pleiotropic' effects of testosterone on development of digits and diverse organ systems, which are expressed in adulthood. We hypothesized that 2D:4D also predicts academic success of students. 2D:4D of right hand positively predicted examination marks of males from two three-year degree courses (TYDCs). Marks of females did not covary with 2D:4D. Males from the two TYDCs differed in 2D:4D. The present results thus add to the rapidly accumulating literature on 2D:4D showing correlations with phenotypic traits in humans. If testosterone affects 2D:4D and intellectual performance, our results suggest that testosterone levels are under stabilizing selection because of effects on performance traits documented in previous studies and antagonistic effects on intellectual performance (present study).     

Educational and occupational achievements of brothers and sisters in adoptive and biologically related families

The study of brothers and sisters from adoptive and biologically related families permits unique analyses of the determinants of young adults' educational and occupational achievements. Brothers and sisters come from the same homes, neighborhoods, and usually schools. Many differences among families are controlled by the study of siblings. In addition, adoptive families influence their children only through the environment they provide, whereas biologically related parents transmit their intellectual and personal characteristics to their offspring genetically as well. Thus, the comparison of models of adult achievements for children from adoptive and biologically related families can inform us about the true effects of family environments, apart from genetic transmission (Scarr and Weinberg, 1978, 1980). In this follow-up study of 450 biologically related and adopted young adults (ages 22 to 30 years), we report on the family resemblances in educational and occupational achievements. Parents' reports were obtained on 97% of the original sample (N=443), and 77% of the young adults participated in the follow-up study themselves; complete educational and occupational data were available on 303 young adults. Results show that biological sons are more influenced by their family backgrounds than daughters, regardless of genetic relatedness. A second finding is that young women's achievements are not as predictable from their own earlier achievements as are those of their brothers. A third finding is that parents invest in their sons' educational futures, regardless of sons' abilities and achievements, in ways they do not invest in their daughters' postsecondary educations. Sibling correlations and natural mother-adopted child correlations suggest that test scores, high school performance, postsecondary education, and even later occupational status can be influenced by genetic variability in personal characteristics that affect such achievements.     

陈修园《医学从众录》的学术成就探讨

清代福建医家陈修园撰著的《医学从众录》是以论治内科杂病为主的医书。该书内容丰富,详审脉证,深究病机。陈氏论医多本医学经典之旨,又能融会贯通,知常达变;治证善撷前代名医之长和民间经验,且选其精华,加以发挥。如对痢证、淋证、痰饮、咳嗽、泄泻病证的论治,体现陈氏辨证选方的特点。     

科技查新工作规范化探讨

根据工作实践,进一步探讨了规范化的科技查新工作流程,即确定查新项目、实施查新检索、撰写查新报告、归档查新报告和资料四步,并介绍了相应的科技查新技巧。     

医学科研成果转化可行性评价指标体系的构建研究

对科研成果转化可行性进行前瞻性评价是医学科研评价工作的重要组成部分.本研究采用Delphi专家咨询法,建立了医学科研成果转化可行性评价指标体系,为开展医学科研成果转化的可行性评价提供理论指导和评价方法.     

Slight impairment of psychomotor skills in children after treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Several studies have reported a decline in intelligence and cognitive functions in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Other investigators, however, have found no intellectual impairment in these children. Fifty-one long-term survivors of ALL, having been treated according to the protocols of the BFM Study Group from 1970 to 1979, were assessed retrospectively using neurophysical methods.The results were compared with those obtained from 30 patients with other malignancies, who had received neither radiation therapy to the central nervous system (CRT) nor any methotrexate during chemotherapy. Additionally, neurological examinations and cranial computed tomography (CCT) were performed. Neuropsychological examinations included verbal functions, intelligence (performance), psychomotor speed, motor skills and sensory integration.The results of verbal tests and the IQs, tested by nonspeed-related measures, were within normal limits in both groups. About one-third of all patients showed mild disturbances of psychomotor speed and motor skills. Children with leukemia had lower scores than those with solid tumors for nearly all tasks, but only tests for sensory integration revealed significant differences between former ALL patients and tumor patients.Furthermore, the following results were obtained related to different therapeutic modalities: (1) The higher total radiation doses had been during CRT (maximum 24 GY), the more neuropsychological functions were impaired, particularly motor accuracy and sensory integration. (2) These disturbances improved with the length of survival.Widening of subarachnoidal space was found in 33% of the CCT obtained. There was no correlation between the intellectual functions of the survivors and the CCT abnormalities. Neurological findings mainly consisted of slight fine motor disturbances.The results of the study suggest that psychomotor functions are more likely to be affected by antineoplastic therapy than are higher cognitive functions.     

医疗高职学生专业成绩与其它学科群间关系的通路分析

目的:了解医疗高职学生专业成绩与其它各学科群成绩间的关系,评价各学科群知识体系的连接程度。方法:将所开设课程分为普通基础课、专业基础课、桥梁课、专业课4大学科群,以207名学生个体各学科群成绩总分为资料,专业课成绩为结果变量(Y),普通基础课成绩(X1)为远原因变量,专业基础课(X2)、桥梁课(X3)为近原因变量,采用通路分析方法分析。结果:X1、X2、X3与Y的通路系数分别为0.210、0.129、0.606;X1、X2与X3的通路系数依次为0.395、0.311。结论:各学科群与专业课的连接程度,以桥梁课与专业课的连接程度为高,强化桥梁课的教学有利专业课知识的内化。     

何任教授学术成就研究

试从何老的成长之路、学术思想、临床经验等三个方面,对何老的学术成就作一初步的整理研究。在学术思想方面,概括为:1·推重基础;2·宗法《金匮》;3·参合诸家。在临床经验方面,例举了:1·湿温证治;2·崩漏证治;3·肿瘤证治。