复方消经痛胶囊致突变性研究

目的：研究复方消经痛胶囊的致突变性。方法：采用小鼠精子畸形试验、骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变试验,观察其致突变性。结果：复方消经痛胶囊的小鼠精子畸形试验,骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠染色体畸变试验结果均为阴性。结论：在本实验条件下,未发现复方消经痛胶囊的致突变性。     

五氯酚钠的细胞遗传毒性研究

背景与目的:探讨五氯酚钠诱发中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)DNA损伤和染色体畸变的效应.材料与方法:五氯酚钠对中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)进行梯度染毒,应用单细胞凝胶电泳试验和体外染色体畸变试验观察其诱发细胞DNA损伤和染色体畸变.结果:80 μg/ml和160 μg/ml五氯酚钠诱发细胞DNA链断裂损伤的频率与对照组相比显著升高(P＜0.01),且随着剂量增加,其损伤程度加重;无论是否加入代谢活化剂,受试物均引起染色体畸变率的明显增加(P＜0.01).结论:五氯酚钠能诱发CHO细胞DNA损伤和染色体畸变.     

河南"4.26"60Co源辐射事故受照者细胞遗传学随访观察

背景与目的:对河南"4.26"60Co源辐射事故受照者进行细胞遗传学随访观察.材料与方法:利用微量全血培养法制备外周血淋巴细胞染色体和胞质分裂阻断(CB)微核标本,对河南新乡60Co源辐射事故6例受照者照后1～2年的染色体畸变和CB微核进行分析.结果:受照1～2年后受照者的染色体畸变率已明显下降,受照1年后非稳定性染色体畸变仍占有较大比例(40%～60%);受照2年后稳定性染色体畸变高于非稳定性染色体畸变,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05,1例受照者除外,其P＜0.01);受照1～2年后染色体总畸变率与受照剂量间仍有明显的剂量效应关系(r＜0.936,P均＜0.01);而受照1～2年后多数受照者的CB微核率已降到正常参考值范围.结论:随着照后时间推移,非稳定性染色体畸变逐渐丢失,稳定性染色体畸变仍保持在较高水平;微核分析不适用于大剂量受照个体远后遗传效应的评价.     

重质芳烃对雄性小鼠生殖细胞遗传效应的研究

目的 探讨重质芳烃对雄性小鼠生殖细胞遗传效应。方法 通过小鼠精子畸形实验和小鼠睾丸染色体畸变实验进行遗传毒性研究。结果：在重质芳烃高剂量组,小鼠箱子畸形率、睾丸染色体结构畸变率、性染色体早分离率、常染色体分离率与阴性对照组比较,差异呈高度显著性。结论：重质芳烃对雄性小鼠生殖细胞有一定的遗传毒性,应重视重质芳烃对接触人群的潜在危害,并加强劳动卫生防护和健康监护。     

复方肿瘤血管生成抑制因子口服液对小鼠生殖细胞的影响

目的探讨复方肿瘤血管生成抑制因子口服液（ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ）对小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用。方法小鼠口服３种不同剂量的受试物后,对精子的数量、活动率、存活率、精子形态和生殖器官组织切片进行观察。结果在ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ剂量为７３、３６５、１８２４ｍｇ·Ｋｇ－１的实验条件下,对小鼠体重、饮食等行为和性器官组织切片观察,与对照组无明显差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。ＣＯＬ－ＴＡＩ不引起小鼠精子数量、活动率、存活率,不引起异常精子的产生（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论复方肿瘤血管生成抑制因子口服液对小鼠生殖细胞无毒性作用。     

兰州市不同地区大气悬浮颗粒物的遗传毒性研究

目的 为了研究兰州市不同功能区大气悬颗粒物的遗传毒性并对各区进行比较。方法 用Ａｍｅｓ试验、人体外周血淋巴细胞微核试验和染以体畸变试验检测。结果 对３种测试方法各试验条件下,不同功能区５个样品均具有不同程度的致突变作用。结论 揭示兰州市大气悬浮颗粒物具有潜在的致癌危险性。     

维甲类对食管上皮癌细胞系(RE25-3)恶性的抑制作用

体外应用RE25-3食管癌细胞系观察了三种维甲类——维甲酸:维胺酯及维胺酸的作用。三种维甲均使细胞的分裂增殖受到抑制,3H-TdR掺入到DNA中减少。染色体数目减少,甚至转化过程中丧失的二倍体重又出现,此外还使细胞的集落形成能力受抑。三者中以维胺酸作用最强;维胺酯与维甲酸相近。     

两种睫状肌麻痹剂对像差影响的对照研究

目的评价环喷托酯和托吡卡胺散瞳前后对像差测量的影响。方法选取准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术患者随机分为环喷托酯组15例(30眼)和托吡卡胺组15例(29眼)。两组患者测量像差后,分别给予1%环喷托酯及0.5%托吡卡胺,散瞳后再次测量像差,并比较两组散瞳前后像差球镜值(6mm)和高阶像差的均方根(MRS)值。结果两组暗室瞳孔下像差球镜值均小于综合验光值和散瞳后像差测量值,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组在暗室下或是散瞳后,随着分析瞳孔的增大,三阶(RMS3)、四阶(RMS4)、五阶(RMS5)、总高阶像差(RMSh)和球差C12逐渐增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而慧差C7、C8差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。而在同一分析瞳孔直径下,散瞳前后各阶高阶像差和RMSh、C7、C8差异无统计学意义,散瞳后C12增大,与暗室下C12比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在同一瞳孔直径下,环喷托酯组球差值与托吡卡胺组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论睫状肌麻痹剂影响像差的测量,使球差值增大。     

Assessment of abnormal DNA repair responses and genotoxic effects in lead exposed workers

BACKGROUND: One of the main sources of occupational exposure to lead (Pb) in Turkey is in workers of battery industries. Genotoxic studies in human populations exposed to this metal have had conflicting results. METHODS: Genotoxic effects of Pb were studied in blood cell samples from workers of battery manufactures exposed to Pb compounds by chromosomal aberration (CA) assay and X-ray induced challenge (XRC) assay to assess DNA damage and interference with DNA repair processes after an in vitro exposure of X-ray (1 Gy). The battery manufacturers (n=23) and 23 people who were not occupationally exposed to lead compounds were selected as a control group and classified into categories according to their blood lead levels. RESULTS: The CA frequencies in the exposed and control group were not significantly different (P>0.05) by conventional CA (CCA) assay, however, the XRC assay demonstrated significantly elevated CAs (P<0.05). Statistically non-significant but reduced DNA repair responses have also been observed in lead exposed workers. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed significant increases in the CAs by XRC assay in Pb exposed workers compared to CCA assay. Our data suggests that Pb exposure may cause reduction in DNA repair capacity and these individuals will be more prone to DNA damage. Therefore, preventive measures should be improved against genotoxic risk in workplaces.     

Chromosomal aberration analysis in workers exposed to chemical and biological hazards in research laboratories

Cytogenetic monitoring of individuals occupationally exposed to chemical and biological hazards has found increased frequencies of cells with chromosomal aberrations. During the present study we analyzed the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in cells from individuals working in various chemistry and biology research laboratories of the University of Brasilia, Brazil. When evaluated jointly and compared to a control group there was no significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in the laboratory personnel. However, a group constituted of individuals of the Genetics Laboratory showed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of structural chromosomal aberrations of the chromatid gap type.