Western-designed total knee implants mismatch Saudi patient knees: Anatomical bony measurements documented by computed tomography

Objectives:To determine the anthropometric features of Saudi knees compared with knees of other ethnicities and reveal mismatches among different knee implant systems.Methods:All knee computed tomography images obtained between January 2016 and September 2016 for varying medical reasons in a tertiary care hospital in Southwestern Saudi Arabia were retrospectively evaluated. Patients aged <18 years, with trauma or soft tissue or bone tumors were excluded. Eleven parameters were measured for each knee joint.Results:We evaluated 100 knees of 50 Saudi patients (25 men, 25 women) aged 28-85 (mean, 57.3) years. No statistically significant differences were found in age and Sasaki angle measurements between male and female patients. All other parameters were significantly larger in male than female knees. Our measurements were close to those published for Chinese, Thai, and Korean patients; however, published measurements were larger for Caucasian and Indian knees than our measurements.Conclusion:The Saudi population has morphological features of knee bone anatomy that do not match with the widely available prostheses designed for Caucasian knees. As several studies of different ethnicities have documented considerable prosthesis mismatch; our study further indicates the need for new implant designs that take these variations into account.     

中医药辨治艾滋病的临床研究概况

对近年来中医药辨治艾滋病的临床研究概况进行综述。目前中医临床根据艾滋病患者的不同临床表现辨证主要分为气血双亏、热毒郁结、气阴两伤、瘀血内阻4型;临床上使用次数较多且临床效果较明显的治疗艾滋病的中药复方制剂有益艾康胶囊、五味灵芪胶囊、唐草片、复方三黄散、艾宁颗粒等;甘草、黄芪、黄芩、金银花、丹参、柴胡、白花蛇舌草、紫花地丁等8味中药皆已经被证实具有高效抗人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)活性的作用;清热解毒中药中的紫花地丁、穿心莲、牛蒡子、紫草、金银花、苦参、夏枯草、贯仲、狗脊、黄连、淫羊藿、蟛蜞菊已经被证明具有抑制HIV病毒复制的作用。     

Risk factors for renal disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and their clinical implications

Lupus nephritis is one of the most common severe manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Genetic, ethnic and hormonal factors may influence the presence and severity of renal involvement and therefore affect the outcome and overall prognosis of patients. In this review, we will discuss the association of known lupus risk factors in developing renal disease and explore the recent literature to identify potential risk factors and their clinical implications in terms of diagnostic vigilance, management and prognosis.     

Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: a systematic review

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are lower in Asia than in the West. However, across Asia the incidence and prevalence of IBD has increased rapidly over the last two to four decades. These changes may relate to increased contact with the West, westernization of diet, increasing antibiotics use, improved hygiene, vaccinations, or changes in the gut microbiota. Genetic factors also differ between Asians and the Caucasians. In Asia, UC is more prevalent than CD, although CD incidence is rapidly increasing in certain areas. There is a male predominance of CD in Asia, but a trend towards equal sex distribution for UC. IBD is diagnosed at a slightly older age than in the West, and there is rarely a second incidence peak as in the West. A positive family history is much less common than in the West, as are extra-intestinal disease manifestations. There are clear ethnic differences in incidence within countries in Asia, and an increased incidence in IBD in migrants from Asia to the West. Research in Asia, an area of rapidly changing IBD epidemiology, may lead to the discovery of critical etiologic factors that lead to the development of IBD.