Effects of the Yangtze River source of drinking water on metabolites of Mus musculus

The effects of the Yangtze River source of drinking water on metabolites of mouse (Mus musculus) were implemented to observe the environmental health issue of the water by use of the ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabonomics. All the sampled mice were treated for 90 days. There were 20 organic pollutants discovered in the water with total concentration of 9.41 μg/l. The NMR spectra for the sampled mice were different at δ2.06, δ2.24 and δ5.22. The concentrations of alanine, glycoprotein, acetone and trimethylamine-N-oxide in the source water group mice were decreased but that of creatinine and glucose were increased, which indicated that hepatotoxicity and kidney dysfunction occurred. There were six parameters for the source water group mice were different or extremely different from that of the control group. And these metabolites are responsible for separation of the data along PC1 and PC2 which may be used as biomarkers to indicate the source water pollution. The results indicate that ¹H NMR-based metabonomic approach is a useful technique to test toxicity of xenobiotics on metabolites for observation of the environmental health issue of source water.     

POPs accumulated in fish and benthos bodies taken from Yangtze River in Jiangsu area

The persistent organic pollutants of DDTs, PCBs, PAHs and HCHs accumulated in the bodies of fish and benthos taken at seven sites were measured to understand the issue of ecological health of Yangtze River at Jiangsu section. The highest levels for DDTs, the total 20 PCBs, the total 16 PAHs and HCHs in fish bodies were 0.076 μg/kg, 23.1 μg/kg, 7.44 ng/kg and 0.028 μg/kg, respectively and that in benthos bodies were 0.082 μg/kg, 14.3 μg/kg, 21.1 ng/kg and 0.026 μg/kg. The PAHs concentrations in benthos were higher than that in fish and they had a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05). Among the detectable chemicals, DDTs were 100% of p,p′-DDE isomers, the main PCBs were 4- and 5-chlorinated biphenyls in which PCB 105 had the highest detection frequency and the main PAHs were the compounds of 2–4 rings. PCBs were accumulated in fish bodies which enrichment factors were as high as 508–42,414 folds occurred at three sites. The results demonstrated that the accumulation measurements can be used to test the effects of PAHs, DDTs, PCBs and HCHs on aquatic ecological health.     

Degradation of benzo(a)pyrene in Yangtze River source water with functional strains

Degradation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) existing in the Yangtze River, used as source water for Nanjing City, China, was investigated with functional strains. The removal rates of BaP were 37.5, 20.8 and 70.8% for the three strains of the native bacterium NJ, and the two functional strains of Xhhh and Fhhh, respectively. The Fhhh specific degradation rate of BaP was 3.02 × 10⁻⁶ day⁻¹, which was 1.9-fold of the rate with NJ and 3.7-fold of the rate with Xhhh. The concentrations of BaP in the source water, tap water and Fhhh reactor effluent were 8.3-, 7.6-, and 2.4-fold of that of the oral carcinogenicity unit risk. The results suggest that the functional strain Fhhh could be used for the reduction of BaP concentrations in source water and hence reduction of carcinogenic risk.     

Detection of Agonistic Activities Against Five Human Nuclear Receptors in River Environments of Japan Using a Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay

A total of 16 water samples from four rivers in Japan were examined for their agonistic activities against five human nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor [ER] α, thyroid hormone receptor α, retinoic acid receptor [RAR] α, retinoid X receptor α, and vitamin D receptor) by using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The results suggest that the river environment is contaminated with endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can interact with a variety of nuclear receptors and that contamination with those that have RAR agonistic activity may be more serious than contamination with well-known EDCs that act as ER agonists.     

A Comprehensive Geochemical Evaluation of the Water Quality of River Adyar,India

The River Adyar flows through the fault of south Chennai for about 50 Km and enters into the Bay of Bengal. This river is almost stagnant and do not carry enough water except during rainy season. Rapid industrialization and urbanization along the river course during 80s and 90s of last century has increased the pollution of the river water. The main objective of this study is to identify and assess the nature of pollution. In order to achieve this objective, necessary geochemical parameters were determined and the quality of water is evaluated using various tools, such as Wilcox diagram, USIS, Piper, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), 3D scattered diagrams, and seasonal variation diagrams. The monsoonal variations in the data matrix of the river water (River Adyar) was monitored at 33 stations for the premonsoon and postmonsoon periods during September 2005 and February 2006.     

沿长江流域不同地势四省份老年人病种的地域特征

[目的]研究长江流域不同地势阶梯的四省份老年人的病种与地域间的关系,为有针对性地防病、治病、健康教育提供依据。[方法]利用青、川、鄂、苏四省国民体质监测报告的统计数据,采用数理分析法、类比分析法,由西向东对处于长江流域不同地势四省份老年人的肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病、意外事故、消化系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病、泌尿生殖系统疾病、高血压、糖尿病、其他疾病等病种进行了对比研究。[结果]心脑血管疾病、糖尿病分别与地域呈线性相关;肿瘤病与内分泌系统疾病患者的住院率与地域所处阶梯之间呈二次曲线关系;泌尿生殖系统疾病与地域所处阶梯之间的关系不大;其他疾病住院与地域所处阶梯之间几乎没有关系。[结论]老年人的病种受海拔、气候、经济、生活习惯、饮食等因素的影响,四省老年人的住院病种存在着不同程度的差异,表现出相对独特的地域特征。     

上海医疗资源服务于泛长三角地区的SWOT分析

从优势、障碍、机遇和挑战4个方面人手,分析了上海地区医疗资源服务于泛长三角地区的环境因素,提出了上海医疗资源服务于泛长三角地区的战略目标,即为外地患者提供上海医疗资源的相关信息,通过为外地患者服务积累实践经验,探索町行的医疗保险使用方式,为上海医疗系统的资源整合创造积极的条件,探索远程医疗咨询和远程医疗培训的发展空间,提高医院管理水平,完善服务职能.     

河口港城市港城关系建设——以长三角港城南通为例

河口港城市是港口城市的特殊类型,其港城发展演变具有独特的规律,港城关系建设具有更为丰富的内涵,影响并决定着城市的健康、持续发展.当前港城呈现出良好的发展态势.但在规模布局、港口产业、港口吞吐、港城用地及管理体制等方面也存在一些不足.海港建设对港城关系的影响主要表现在"增强港口职能,提升港城整体地位"、"发展临海工业,优化区域产业结构"、"港城分离发展.弱化城市中心职能",以及"建设临港新城.改变地区城镇格局"等方面.     

三江源长江地表水水环境现状评价

目的 了解三江源长江地表水水质状况,为保护该区脆弱的生态系统提供理论依据.方法 在三江源长江地表水区域设10个监测断面,分别于2008年5月(丰水期)、8月(平水期)、10月(枯水期)采集水样.根据国家环保总局HJ/T91-2002<地表水和污水监测技术规范>确定水质监测指标.测定方法参照<中国环境保护标准汇编:水质分析方法>(2001)进行.根据GB 3838-2002<地表水环境质量标准>Ⅰ类水质标准进行评价.结果 三江源长江地表水的平均水温为8.5℃,pH值为8.27,高锰酸盐指数为0.73 mg/L,化学需氧量(COD)为9.1 mg/L,生化需氧量(BOD5)为2 mg/L,氨氮为0.334mg/L,氟化物为0.166mg/L,硫化物为0.02mg/L,磷为0.03mg/L,六价铬0.004mg/L,挥发酚为0.002mg/L,总汞为0.00001mg/L,石油类为0.02 mg/L,粪大肠菌群＜20个/L,均符合GB 3838-2002<地表水环境质量标准>Ⅰ类水质标准.结论 三江源长江地表水水体未受到污染,水质良好.

Abstract：

Objective To know the situation of the water environment of Yangtse river of source area of Lantsang, Yellow and Yangtse River, and provide the theoretical basis for protecting the biosystem of this area. Methods Ten monitoring sections were selected in the investigated areas and the water samples were collected in May 2008, August 2008, October 2008 respectively. The sampling, determination and evaluation in the investigation were performed according to the related standard regulations. Results The water temperature was 8.5 ℃, pH value was 8.27, the index of KMnO_4 was 0.73 mg/L, the concentrations of COD, BOD_5, NH_4-N, fluoride, sulfide, total phosphoric, Cr~(6+), phenol, Hg, petroleum were 9.1, 2, 0.334, 0.166, 0.02, 0.03, 0.004, 0.002, 0.000 01, 0.02 mg/L, respectirely; the count of fecal coliform <20 cfu/L. Conclusion No water contamination has been found in the source area of Lantsang, Yellow and Yangtse River.     

2005—2007年重庆市18家医院药品销售回顾分析

目的通过对2005—2007年重庆市18家医疗机构药品销售情况的统计分析,从一侧面了解重庆地区药品使用的信息。方法对3年的总购药金额、重点大类品种和生产厂商等进行综合排序统计分析。结果统计分析表明,3年来药品销售的总金额每年以20％以上的幅度增长。其中水、热量、电解质平衡药物总增长最大,为106．85％;只有维生素类药物销售下降,达10．47％。进入前100名的重庆制药企业仅3家。结论预计重庆市医院药品销售金额还将继续增长。重庆制药企业由于受全国医药市场整顿的影响,无新品种推出,所以发展缓慢。