卫藏藏族、康巴藏族和安多藏族女青年唇形特征

目的 探讨藏族女青年的唇形特征。 方法 根据知情同意原则,以自愿参加的藏族女青年为研究对象,有效样本542例,年龄18～23岁,平均年龄（20.42±1.34）岁。利用直角规直接测量被测者的口裂宽和唇高,并计算唇指数。 结果 藏族女青年唇高均值为（18.01±4.29）mm,口裂宽均值为（49.40±5.55）mm,唇指数均值为（36.60±8.21）mm。康巴藏族的唇高和唇指数均值与卫藏藏族和安多藏族比较差异均有显著性（P<0.01）,卫藏藏族的口裂宽均值与安多藏族比较差异均有显著性（P＜0.01）。唇高与年龄成负性相关（r=-0.124,P<0.01）,唇指数与年龄成负性相关（r=-0.155,P<0.01）,口裂宽与年龄相关性无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。 结论 康巴藏族唇高较高,安多藏族具有更阔的口裂宽。藏族女青年唇高和唇指数随年龄递增而减小,唇形特征以中唇型（69.2%）和宽口裂（73.6%）为主。     

脑电图对手足口病合并脑炎患儿的临床应用价值

目的：探讨脑电图对手足口病合并脑炎患儿的临床应用价值。方法于2011年1月至2015年12月间,选取我院科收治的60例手足口病合并脑炎患儿设为观察组,选取同时期收治的手足口病未合并脑炎60例患儿设为对照组,对所有患儿均进行脑电图检查,对比两组患儿的脑电图检测结果。结果观察组60例患儿脑电图检测均为异常,异常率为100.0%,对照组60例患儿脑电图检测中异常8例,异常率为13.3%,观察组患儿脑电图检测异常率与对照组相比明显较高,P＜0.05。观察组患儿脑电图检测轻度14例,中度28例,重度18例,患儿临床症状越严重,脑电图检测异常状况越严重。结论脑电图能辅助手足口病合并脑炎患儿的临床早期诊断,并能辅助诊断患儿病症严重程度,临床可使用脑电图检测患儿病症状况,辅助手足口病合并脑炎的治疗效果检测。     

Benefit of Using Muscle Relaxants in the Routine Treatment Protocol of Oral Submucosal Fibrosis: A Pilot Study

The aim of this present work is to describe the nature and extent of fibrosis within muscle and to correlate this with the mouth opening (MO) in OSE patients and to prove our results in improvement of mouth opening in patients with OSMF with use of “muscle relaxants” along with other modalities of treatment . The study was conducted on 40 patients who visited our outpatient department with grade 3 (<19 mm) mouth opening. 20 of these patients underwent the routine treatment protocol of weekly injection of hyaluronidase with hydrocortisone and antioxidant capsules with added lycopene for 1 month. The remaining test subjects in addition to the routine injections and antioxidants were given skeletal muscle relaxants like thiocolchicoside or chlorzoxazone. The mouth opening (interincisal distance of maxillary and mandibular incisors at maximum possible mouth opening) was measured and graded as follows: grade 1 (>40 mm), grade 2 (20–39 mm) and grade 3 (<19 mm) with the help of vernier callipers after the study period of 1 month. 17 out of the 20 test patients who received muscle relaxants in addition to the routine protocol showed marked improvement with shift from grade 3 (<19 mm) to grade 1 (>40 mm) i.e. a greater than 20 mm improvement in mouth opening. Using muscle relaxants as a adjuvant therapy in the routine protocol of treatment of oral submucosal fibrosis will not only cater and halt the problem of fibrosis but also will take care of the muscle spasm and inflammation which also inadvertently contribute to the restricted mouth opening. We found excellent improvement on adding muscle relaxants to the routine protocol which was not just an objective but also a subjective success.     

Assessment of oral trigeminal sensitivity in humans

The aim of this prospective study was to establish a clinical test for the assessment of oral trigeminal sensitivity. Capsaicin-impregnated filter paper strips (five concentrations: 0.0001–1%) were used to measure trigeminal thresholds. The strips were placed on the anterior tongue for 10 s. Subjects were asked to report the onset of any sensory perception, quality and duration of sensory perception. Thresholds were estimated in two ways: (1) threshold (THR1) related to sensory perception and (2) intensity related threshold (THR2). The test was applied to 63 healthy subjects (mean age 40 years; 34 women, 29 men). For whole-mouth testing with capsaicin, a small but significant correlation was found between THR1 and THR2 (r ₆₃ = 0.41). Coefficients of correlation between test and re-test were r ₃₀ = 0.60 for THR1 and r ₃₀ = 0.78 THR2. Neither THR1 nor THR2 indicated either side or sex-related differences. Age-related differences were only found in THR2 scores, which were lower in young subjects (<40 years). Reliable assessment of intraoral trigeminal sensitivity appears to be possible using the presently described technique. Portions of the results were presented at the 28th meeting of Association for Chemosensory Sciences in Sarasota, Fl, April 2006.     

颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损

目的探讨使用颈阔肌肌皮瓣或联合胸锁乳突肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部因肿瘤切除后所致缺损的临床效果。方法对11例口腔颌面部缺损的病人应用颈阔肌肌皮瓣修复方法治疗，其中以颈阔肌为肌蒂的颈阔肌肌皮瓣5例，以颈阔肌－胸锁乳突肌联合式肌蒂的颈阔肌肌皮瓣6例。皮瓣从下颌角外侧途径转入受区者5例，从下颌骨内侧途径转移入受区者6例。11例颈阔肌肌皮瓣供区缺损均用胸前旋转皮瓣关闭。结果11例随访时间显6个月～1年，皮瓣全部成活。成功率100％，转移后的颈阔肌肌皮瓣色泽已同周围粘膜色泽相似，张口不受限，外形好。结论颈阔肌肌皮瓣是修复口腔颌面部缺损行之有效的手术方法。     

The observation of manual grasp actions affects the control of speech: A combined behavioral and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation study

Does the mirror system affect the control of speech? This issue was addressed in behavioral and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) experiments. In behavioral experiment 1, participants pronounced the syllable /da/ while observing (1) a hand grasping large and small objects with power and precision grasps, respectively, (2) a foot interacting with large and small objects and (3) differently sized objects presented alone. Voice formant 1 was higher when observing power as compared to precision grasp, whereas it remained unaffected by observation of the different types of foot interaction and objects alone. In TMS experiment 2, we stimulated hand motor cortex, while participants observed the two types of grasp. Motor Evoked Potentials (MEPs) of hand muscles active during the two types of grasp were greater when observing power than precision grasp. In experiments 3–5, TMS was applied to tongue motor cortex of participants silently pronouncing the syllable /da/ and simultaneously observing power and precision grasps, pantomimes of the two types of grasps, and differently sized objects presented alone. Tongue MEPs were greater when observing power than precision grasp either executed or pantomimed. Finally, in TMS experiment 6, the observation of foot interaction with large and small objects did not modulate tongue MEPs. We hypothesized that grasp observation activated motor commands to the mouth as well as to the hand that were congruent with the hand kinematics implemented in the observed type of grasp. The commands to the mouth selectively affected postures of phonation organs and consequently basic features of phonological units.     

Mouth breathing increases the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure threshold in mice: a role for ATP-sensitive potassium channels

Nasal obstruction and consequent mouth breathing have been shown to change the acid–base balance, producing respiratory acidosis. Additionally, there exists a large body of evidence maintaining that acidosis affects the activity of ATP-sensitive potassium (K_ATP) channels, which play a crucial role in the function of the central nervous system (CNS), for example, in modulating seizure threshold. Thus, in the study described here, we examined whether mouth breathing, induced by surgical ligation of nostrils, could affect the seizure threshold induced by pentylenetetrazole in male NMRI mice. Using the selective K_ATP channel opener (diazoxide) and blocker (glibenclamide), we also evaluated the possible role of K_ATP channels in this process. Our data revealed that seizure threshold was increased 6 to 72 hours after nasal obstruction, reaching a peak 48 hours afterward, compared with either control or sham-operated mice (P < 0.01). There was a significant decrease in pH of arterial blood samples and increase in CO₂ partial pressure (PCO₂) during this time. Systemic injection of glibenclamide (1 and 2 mg/kg, ip, daily) significantly prevented the increase in seizure threshold in 48-hour bilaterally nasally obstructed mice, whereas it had no effect on seizure threshold in sham-operated mice. Systemic injection of diazoxide (25 mg/kg, ip, daily) had no effect on seizure threshold in all groups, whereas higher doses (50 and 100 mg/kg, ip, daily) significantly increased seizure threshold in both 48-hour-obstructed and sham-operated mice. The decrease in seizure threshold induced by glibenclamide (2 mg/kg, ip, daily) was prevented by diazoxide (25 mg/kg, ip, daily). These results demonstrate for the first time that mouth breathing, which could result in respiratory acidosis, increases seizure threshold in mice and K_ATP channels may play a role in this effect.     

西帕依固龈液辅助治疗小儿原发性疱疹性口炎的疗效观察

目的观察西帕依固龈液局部应用辅助治疗小儿原发性疱疹性口炎的临床疗效。方法将56例原发性疱疹性口炎的患儿随机分为两组。对照组常规使用西药进行抗病毒、支持和对症治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用西帕依固龈液进行口腔蘸洗或含漱。两组均在治疗后第3、5、7天复诊,比较两组口腔病损愈合情况。结果治疗组口腔病损改善明显优于对照组(P<0.01),两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论西帕依固龈液局部应用辅助治疗小儿原发性疱疹性口炎安全有效。