Rebuttal to objections by Iacono and Verschuere et al.

The arguments presented by Iacono and Verschuere et al. against the publication of the Mangan et al. field study of the Quadri-Track Zone Comparison Technique in Physiology & Behavior , are based largely on dated articles that examined control question polygraph techniques whose psychological test structures, physiological analyses, and scoring systems are significantly different than those of the Quadri-Track ZCT. Iacono and Verschuere et al. alleged that the Quadri-Track ZCT is biased against the innocent and can be defeated with the use of countermeasures without considering the technique's unique "remedial inside track" that quantifies the innocent examinee's fear of error-and the guilty examinee's hope of error-which are factored into the overall score, thus avoiding false positive and false negative errors. Their objection to the use of confessions as the criterion for ground truth presumes that the polygraph examinations conducted in this field study were conducted in a vacuum. They ignored the various methods of post-test confirmation and research studies that support the use of confessions as ground truth. Verschuere et al. cited the National Research Council's 2003 report to support their conviction that the accuracy of polygraph tests is well below perfection and errors often occur. However, they failed to mention that the accuracy range values of the seven field studies which met the National Research Council's scientific criteria were from 0.711 to 0.999 with a median value of 0.89, and that the field study with the highest accuracy (0.999) was from a published 1989 field study on the Quadri-Track Zone Comparison Technique.     

Estimating the number of U.S. incident cancers attributable to obesity and the impact on temporal trends in incidence rates for obesity-related cancers

Background: Reaching the American Cancer Society challenge goal for the nation to reduce cancer incidence by 25% by 2015 will be influenced in part by the epidemic of obesity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of obesity on the number obesity-attributable incident cancers in the U.S. in 2007 and on trends on cancer incidence rates. Methods: Using estimated relative risks (RRs) for obesity vs. normal weight/height from published meta-analyses and/or large cohort studies, and the prevalence of obese adults from the latest national surveys, attributable risk percent (ARP) and numbers of obesity-attributed incident cancers in 2007 were estimated. Using the ARPs, the impact of obesity trends on trends in incidence rates for certain obesity-related cancers was estimated for the calendar years (1976-1980 through 2001-2004) for which cancer rates and obesity prevalence rates were available. Results: An estimated 33,966 new cancers (4% of all estimated cancers) in males and 50,535 (7% of all estimated cancers) in females diagnosed in 2007, or 6% of all cancers, may be potentially attributable to obesity. Without the impact of rising obesity rates, incidence rates might have declined (instead of remaining stable) from 1988-1994 to 2001-2004 for uterus, breast and certain other cancers. Conclusions: Obesity may contribute to about 6% of U.S. incident cancers, apparently has affected recent trends in incidence rates for certain cancers, and is important because of increasing prevalence in the U.S. population.     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤的螺旋CT诊断

为评价主动脉夹层动脉瘤的螺旋CT表现及诊断价值 ,选择 2 3例主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者共进行了 2 5人次螺旋CT检查 ,层厚 10mm、螺距为 1.5。CT影像表现按特异性和非特异性征象进行分析。结果发现 ,特异性征象显示 :主动脉真假双腔 2 2例 (95 .7% ) ,分离移位的内膜瓣 2 2例 (95 .7% ) ;非特异性征象显示 :主动脉不规则扩张 2 3例 (10 0 % ) ,主动脉壁增厚钙化 2 1例 (91.3% ) ,附壁血栓 4例 (17.4% ) ,诊断准确率 95 .7%。提示螺旋CT是评价和诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤有效的影像学检查方法。     

毕业班和非毕业班军事卫生毒理学试题分析

目的:分析毕业班和非毕业班《军事卫生毒理学》试题及考试成绩,探讨本次考试中《军事卫生毒理学》命题质量及我校教学改革对毒理学专业的作用。方法:选用均分、难度指数、区别指数和效度系数指标,对毕业班和非毕业班《军事卫生毒理学》的试题进行分析。结果:非毕业班各题型的得分和总分均显著高于毕业班(P<0.001);毕业班学生各题的难度指数均大于非毕业班(P<0.05);本次试题区别指数小于0.2的试题占44％,效度系数α<0.4。结论:本次命题从难度上讲与学员水平相吻合但命题的质量不高。学校把本课程放在非毕业班开设的改革有益于学生掌握本门课程知识。     

脊柱骨巨细胞瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的探讨脊柱骨巨细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法本组17例为经手术病理证实的脊柱巨细胞瘤患者,男13例,女4例,平均年龄49岁;临床与影像学资料齐全。分析病灶的影像学特征及其对诊断与鉴别诊断意义。结果17例脊柱巨细胞肿瘤患者中颈椎5例,胸椎7例,腰椎2例,骶椎3例;14例仅累及1个椎体,3,例累及2个椎体。本组患者X线片示：11例表现为椎体溶骨性破坏并具一定的膨胀性,6例表现为椎体不同程度的压缩。CT示：椎体破坏区无骨性成分存留。MRI示：T1 WI为较均匀中至低信号,T2 WI为较均匀高信号,病灶部分呈良性的硬化骨边缘,部分终板破坏形成软组织肿块。结论脊柱巨细胞瘤影像学表现不同于四肢巨细胞瘤,瘤内无孵确骨性成分存留;可分为膨胀型和压缩型,兼有良、恶性肿瘤的影像学特征,主要应与脊柱动脉瘤样骨囊肿及转移瘤相鉴别。     

婴儿神经学检查联合头颅MRI检测对脑瘫高危儿不良神经发育的预测价值

目的 探讨Hammersmith婴儿神经学检查（HINE）联合头颅MRI检测对脑瘫高危儿12月龄诊断脑瘫和运动发育迟缓的预测价值。 方法 选取矫正2～6月龄行HINE和头颅MRI检查的脑瘫高危儿45例,随访至矫正12月龄,最终完成随访共36例,采用Peabody运动发育量表(PDMS)对其运动发育程度进行评估,分为正常组（21例）、迟缓组（8例）和脑瘫组（7例）。根据头颅MRI检测Woodward白质评分法评价患儿的脑白质异常程度,计算2～6月龄HINE得分、12月龄HINE得分与头颅MRI脑白质异常程度之间的Spearman系数,计算2～6月龄HINE得分与脑瘫严重程度和迟缓严重程度之间的Spearman系数,计算单独使用HINE、头颅MRI及其联合使用与婴儿发育结局之间的Spearman系数。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)描绘单独使用HINE、头颅MRI、HINE或头颅MRI异常、HINE且头颅MRI异常四个指标预测矫正12月龄时诊断脑瘫和迟缓的曲线下面积(AUC),并评价其预测价值。 结果 ①36例高危儿中,12例HINE得分预测为脑瘫;头颅MRI脑白质评分,中重度异常9例,轻度异常9例,无异常18例;随访至矫正12月龄,发育正常21例,运动发育迟缓8例（7例差,1例非常差）,脑瘫7例,其中脑瘫粗大运动功能分级系统（GMFCS）分级Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级4例,Ⅴ级1例。②2～6月HINE得分与脑瘫严重程度分级（r=-0.867,P＝0.012）、迟缓严重程度（r=-0.598,P＝0.000）之间均具有相关性,HINE得分越低其预后越差。③矫正2～6月龄HINE得分和12月龄HINE得分与头颅MRI的脑白质异常程度之间均具有相关性（r值分别为-0.790和-0.683,P值均为0.000）。④HINE、头颅MRI、HINE或头颅MRI异常、HINE且头颅MRI异常与脑瘫和迟缓结局均具有相关性（r值分别为0.644、0.772、0.572、0.839和0.781、0.783、0.714、0.944,P值均为0.000）;预测脑瘫和迟缓结局诊断的敏感性分别为100.0%、100.0%、100.0%、100.0%和93.3%、93.3%、100.0%、93.3%,特异性分别为82.8%、93.1%、79.3%、96.6%和85.7%、81.0%、71.4%、100.0%,AUC值分别为0.914、0.966、0.897、0.983和0.895、0.871、0.857、0.967（P值均为0.000）。 结论 HINE联合头颅MRI检测对脑瘫高危儿12月龄发育结局预测价值更高。     

深圳市3567例体检妇女筛查宫颈癌结果分析

目的探讨宫颈液基细胞学(Liquid-based cytoiogy test,LCT)联合13种高危型人乳头状瘤病毒(HR-HPV)检测在深圳市3567例女性体检筛查宫颈癌中的作用。方法对2005年1月至2006年8月深圳市企事业单位、个人在我院体检科体检的女性群体,同时进行宫颈液基细胞学和宫颈分泌物13种高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测,对其中LCT≥宫颈不典型鳞状上皮细胞(ASCUS)和/或人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)( )女性进行阴道镜检查及宫颈活体组织检查,并以组织病理学结果为最终诊断。结果受检者平均年龄37.52岁,13.74%的体检者宫颈液基细胞学检查结果LCT≥ASCUS;15.81%的体检者13种高危型HPV感染阳性;有225例组织病理结果,其中宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)I级77例、CINII23例、CINIII15例、浸润性宫颈癌5例;以组织病理学结果为诊断标准,液基细胞学、高危型HPVDNA检测和液基细胞学联合高危型HPVDNA检测筛查宫颈病变(≥CINI为阳性)的灵敏度分别为88.9%、91.5%、100%。结论宫颈液基细胞学联合13种高危型人乳头瘤病毒检测是用于深圳市体检人群宫颈癌筛查最有效方法;重视宫颈癌筛查,尤其是性生活活跃的年轻女性,查出高危人群,特别是宫颈高度病变,能有效的预防宫颈癌的发生。     

简版CSI-D与MMSE在我国中老年人痴呆筛查中的应用效果比较研究

背景 随着人口老龄化形势日益严峻,痴呆患者数量也在不断增加,由于痴呆对患者健康和生活质量的影响较大,其早期预防和识别显得尤为重要。目的 比较简版社区痴呆筛查量表(CSI-D)和简易精神状况检查量表(MMSE)在中老年人痴呆筛查中的应用效果,并对两种量表测量结果的一致性进行分析。方法 于2021年11月,采用2018年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,选取简版CSI-D、MMSE条目评估结果及其他关键变量(性别、年龄、居住地、受教育程度和婚姻状态)值完整的中老年人2 668例作为研究对象。分别采用简版CSI-D和MMSE对其进行痴呆筛查,采用Pearson相关分析中老年人简版CSI-D得分与其MMSE得分的相关性,计算简版CSI-D和MMSE在全体及不同特征中老年人中的筛查结果一致率,并使用Kappa检验分析两种量表测量结果的一致性。结果 2 668例中老年人简版CSI-D平均得分为(5.84±2.26)分,MMSE平均得分为(24.93±3.24)分。Pearson相关分析结果显示,中老年人简版CSI-D得分与其MMSE得分呈线性正相关(r=0.394,P<0.00...     

Correlation between dietary selenium intake and stroke in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018

BackgroundEpidemiologic evidence of the effect of dietary selenium intake on stroke risk remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional correlation between dietary selenium intake and the risk of stroke in adults.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analysed 39,438 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018, aged 20–85 years. Participants were divided into quartiles depending on daily dietary selenium intake: quartile 1 (0–77 μg), quartile 2 (77–108 μg), quartile 3 (108–148 μg), and quartile 4 (148–400 μg). The dose-response relationship was assessed using the restricted cubic spline function.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke were 0.70 (0.55, 0.88) for participants in quartile 2, 0.71 (0.53, 0.93) for quartile 3, and 0.61 (0.43, 0.85) for quartile 4 compared with that in quartile 1. p-Value for trend through quartiles was .007. A non-linear negative correlation between dietary selenium intake and stroke was observed in the threshold effect analysis and restricted cubic spline function (p-value for non-linearity < .001). An initial decrease in odds of stroke lower than 105 μg/day selenium intake (0.61 [0.44, 0.85], p = .004) was followed by a platform beyond 105 μg/day (0.97 [0.81, 1.16], p = .723). In the subgroup analysis, adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of stroke were 0.51 (0.36, 0.70) for female participants, 0.63 (0.40, 0.99) for participants with age <60 years, 0.63 (0.47, 0.85) for participants with poverty-income ratio < 2.14, 0.66 (0.50, 0.87) for participants with overweight and obesity, 0.66 (0.52, 0.84) for participants with hypertension, 0.72 (0.53, 0.97) for participants without diabetes, and 0.72 (0.56, 0.92) for non-anaemic participants.ConclusionsDietary selenium had a negative and non-linear correlation with the risk of stroke in adults. The correlation varied across different population subgroups.

KEY MESSAGES

• Dietary selenium had a negative and non-linear correlation with the risk of stroke in adults.
• Non-linear negative correlation trends were observed in subpopulations of females, age <60 years, poverty-income ratio <2.14, overweight and obesity, hypertension, non-diabetes, and non-anaemia.
• Dietary selenium intake of approximately 105 μg per day has an optimum effect on stroke.

     

Candidate measures of whole plant food intake are related to biomarkers of nutrition and health in the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002)

Indices of overall dietary patterns are used in epidemiologic research to examine the relationship between nutrition and health. The objective of this study was to develop and validate an interpretable summary measure of dietary intake of whole plant foods (WPF; whole grains, vegetables, whole fruit, legumes, nuts, seeds) because of their similar nutritional characteristics and health effects. Six candidate WPF measures were calculated using data from subjects (age ≥6 years) participating in the 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Measures differed by the inclusion or exclusion of potatoes and whether they were expressed as total intake or as a proportion of energy (4180 kJ) or mass (kg) consumed. Both standard and nontruncated (allowed to vary proportionally with intake) Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) scores were calculated. Regression analysis examined the associations between WPF and HEI-2005 measures, and between all diet measures and serum carotenoid concentration, serum lipids, fasting glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and C-reactive protein. Mean total WPF intake was 3.6 cup/oz equivalents, or 1.7 cup/oz equivalents per 4180 kJ and per kg. The largest R² between WPF and HEI-2005 measures was found for energy-adjusted WPF including potatoes and nontruncated HEI-2005 (R² = 0.50). All diet measures were positively related to serum carotenoids (P <.001) and were similarly related to health indicators (R² range from 0.003 to 0.16, P <.045 for regressions, indicating significant associations between WPF measures and health indicators). Whole plant food measures are interpretable indicators of dietary intake that are significantly related to nutrition and health biomarkers and may be of public health use.