长白山区野生药用蕨类植物的调查研究

经过3年调查研究,最后初步确定长白山区野生药用蕨类植物共有21科、28属、48种,为国内外专家研究长白山区的药用植物提供了第一手原始资料。     

野生祁白术与云南白术的氨基酸含量分析

对野生祁白术与云南白术氨基酸的含量进行分析比较,结果显示:野生祁白术必需氨基酸的含量是云南白术的3.5倍,尤其是精氨酸的含量非常高(1.61%),大约是云南白术精氨酸(0.03%)含量的53.6倍,具有良好的营养、药用等开发利用价值。     

河南桐柏县家种及野生桔梗总皂苷含量分析

目的：研究观察桐柏县内不同区域野生和人工栽培桔梗的总皂苷含量有无差别。方法：按照《中国药典》（2005年版一部）“桔梗”项下进行桔梗总皂苷的含量测定。结果：两种生长方式的桔梗总皂苷含量范围很大，质量均有优劣，人工栽培的桔梗质量有优于野生桔梗的趋势。结论：桔梗质量主要与产地、采收季节、种植年限等关系密切，野生还是栽培孰优孰劣不宜一概而论。     

Oncolytic Viruses: Clinical Applications as Vectors for the Treatment of Malignant Gliomas

Gene therapy using viral vectors for the treatment of primary brain tumors has proven to be a promising novel treatment modality. Much effort in the past has been placed in utilizing replication-defective viruses to this end but they have shown many disadvantages. Much recent attention has been focused on the potential of replication-competent viruses to discriminatingly target, replicate within, and destroy tumor cells via oncolysis, leaving adjacent post-mitotic neurons unharmed. The engineered tumor-selective herpes simplex-1 virus (HSV-1) mutants G207 and HSV1716 have completed Phase I investigations in the treatment of recurrent high-grade glioma. The results of these clinical trials are reviewed here. This review also aims to examine the manipulation and development of other viruses for the treatment of malignant glioma, including Newcastle disease virus, reovirus, poliovirus, vaccinia virus, and adenoviruses, in particular the adenovirus mutant ONYX-015.     

野生型p53及相关调控基因的转录、翻译水平与肠道干细胞分化的关系

目的：探讨野生型p53(wtp53)基因及其相关调控基因转录、翻译水平的变化与肠道干细胞分化的关系。方法：利用逆转录-多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）和免疫组织化学技术，以细胞分化标志肝脂肪酸结合蛋白（L-Fabp）mRNA水平为动态参照，分别检测大鼠胚胎期E14d，E19d和幼鼠其E19d至成年大鼠，RT-PCR能够检测到小肠细胞内L-Fabp的mRNA，其中P2d，L-Fabp的mRNA含量最高，证实这两个期间为肠道干细胞高分化阶段。从胚胎到成年大鼠，小肠细胞p21mRNA及其蛋白表达均为阴性，p53mRNA水平无明显变化。然而从E14d-P2d，小肠上皮细胞p53蛋白信号呈逐渐增强趋势。P7d以后至成年期，p53蛋白信号为阴性。结论：在肠道干细胞迅速分化期，p53蛋白高表达可能是因为其半衰期延长，最终导致蛋白量累积的结果，而与转录水平无关，提示蛋白的稳定性对于p53调节肠道干细胞分化期基因的稳定性十分重要，另外，p53蛋白调节肠道干细胞的分化机制与p21途径无关。     

A seroprevalence study of poliovirus antibody in the population of northern Greece

This study assessed immunity to poliomyelitis in a representative sample of 1064 persons living in northern Greece. Antibody prevalences in the individuals tested were 91.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 89.4-92.8), 92.1% (95% CI: 90.5-93.7) and 83.1% (95% CI: 80.8-85.4) for poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. For poliovirus type 3, a gap in immunity was found in individuals aged 10-29 years. Re-vaccination of adolescents living in northern Greece is suggested to ensure herd immunity and to minimise the risk of importation of wild poliovirus from endemic countries.     

Quantitative analysis of toxin extracts from various tissues of wild and cultured puffer fish by an electrophysiological method.

We observed the effects of the toxin extracted from various tissues of wild and cultured puffer fish on voltage-dependent sodium current (I(Na)) using single rat CA1 neurons, and compared the results with that of tetrodotoxin (TTX). Toxin extracts from wild puffer fish inhibited I(Na) in a dilution-dependent manner, and toxin extracts from liver or ovary produced 300 times greater inhibition than that from muscle, and corresponded to about 65 microg TTX/g tissue. We also used puffer fish cultured in net cages or in tanks set up on land, in an attempt to isolate them from the food chain. The toxin extracts from cultured puffer fish also suppressed I(Na), but the inhibition was much weaker, and the effects of toxin extracts were almost the same in all tissues examined including liver, ovary, muscle, etc. We calculated the maximum edible amount for each tissue, assuming that the lethal dose of TTX is 1-10 microg/kg, and we found that the liver or ovary was edible in the case of cultured puffer fish.     

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of skins and seeds of five wild grapes and two hybrids native to Japan

Grape skins and seeds are sources of phenolic compounds that contribute to the sensory characteristics and beneficial bioactivity of wines and other processed foods. Hence, the study was aimed to evaluate and characterize the phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of five wild grapes native to Japan and two hybrids derived from the wild ones. Finally, the results were compared with those of two cultivated grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Muscat of Alexandria, a white and V. labruscana cv. Bailey Alicante A, a tenturier-type grape). Among the skins of wild grapes, those of Shiohitashibudou (V. sp., an unidentified wild grape) contained the highest amount of total phenolics (13.8 mg g⁻¹ gallic acid equivalent of fresh weight) and antiradical activities (61.7 mmol g⁻¹ trolox equivalent of fresh weight). In contrast, Shiragabudou (V. shiragai) contained highest amount of seed total phenolics (16.5 mg g⁻¹ gallic acid equivalent of fresh weight). All wild grape seeds were rich in procyanidin monomers. The total phenolics and antiradical activities in skins of a hybrid grape Kadainou R-1 were higher than those of its parents. This study demonstrates that wild grapes are potential sources of neutraceutical phenolics and can thus be utilized as novel breeding resources.     

Detection of glycosidic residues in carpal glands of wild and domestic pig revealed by basic and lectin histochemistry

Carpal glands are compound tubuloalveolar glands, located on the medial surface of the carpus. This study was carried out on samples from carpal glands of adult wild and domestic pigs of both sexes. We elucidated the glycosidic composition of carpal gland secretion in situ using traditional histochemical methods and lectin histochemistry. Some secretory cells exhibited an intense reaction with PAS in both wild and domestic pigs. Lectin histochemistry showed differences in the localization and composition of glycoconjugates secreted by carpal glands. A cytoplasmic positivity was revealed in the wild pig by the sequence sialidase-PNA and WGA, whereas in the domestic pig the reactivity was localized at the apical surface of some cells. LTA positive cells were found only in the carpal glands of the domestic pig.     

Wild and commercial mushrooms as source of nutrients and nutraceuticals

In order to promote the use of mushrooms as source of nutrients and nutraceuticals, several experiments were performed in wild and commercial species. The analysis of nutrients included determination of proteins, fats, ash, and carbohydrates, particularly sugars by HPLC-RI. The analysis of nutraceuticals included determination of fatty acids by GC-FID, and other phytochemicals such as tocopherols, by HPLC-fluorescence, and phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids and ascorbic acid, by spectrophotometer techniques. The antimicrobial properties of the mushrooms were also screened against fungi, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The wild mushroom species proved to be less energetic than the commercial sp., containing higher contents of protein and lower fat concentrations. In general, commercial species seem to have higher concentrations of sugars, while wild sp. contained lower values of MUFA but also higher contents of PUFA. alpha-Tocopherol was detected in higher amounts in the wild species, while gamma-tocopherol was not found in these species. Wild mushrooms revealed a higher content of phenols but a lower content of ascorbic acid, than commercial mushrooms. There were no differences between the antimicrobial properties of wild and commercial species. The ongoing research will lead to a new generation of foods, and will certainly promote their nutritional and medicinal use.