Bilateral massive osteolysis of uncertain origin after total knee arthroplasty: A case report and review of literature

Introduction and importancePeriprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL) is a common complication after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and is most commonly caused by wear-induced particles.Case presentationWe report an unusual case of massive bilateral PPOL in the posterior flanges of the femur and patellae 4 years after bilateral uncemented TKA without patellar resurfacing in a 71-year old female. Bilateral staged revision surgery including polyethylene exchange and allograft morselized bone impaction was performed to treat the osteolytic lesions. There were no signs of implant malalignment, polyethylene wear or component loosening.Clinical discussionSeveral factors are associated with an increased risk on PPOL (e.g. polyethylene sterilization method, patient age, male gender). Surgical intervention in the context of massive PPOL should include replacement of a potential particle generator (most often polyethylene), correction of potential malalignment, treatment of bone defects and assessment of implant anchorage.ConclusionThis report highlights the available evidence on clinical presentation, associated risk factors and preferred treatment strategy of massive osteolytic lesions after TKA according to available evidence.     

What happens after graft loss? A large,long-term,single-center observation

The number of patients returning to dialysis after graft failure increases. Surprisingly, little is known about the clinical and immunological outcomes of this cohort. We retrospectively analyzed 254 patients after kidney allograft loss between 1997 and 2017 and report clinical outcomes such as mortality, relisting, retransplantations, transplant nephrectomies, and immunization status. Of the 254 patients, 49% had died 5 years after graft loss, while 27% were relisted, 14% were on dialysis and not relisted, and only 11% were retransplanted 5 years after graft loss. In the complete observational period, 111/254 (43.7%) patients were relisted. Of these, 72.1% of patients were under 55 years of age at time of graft loss and only 13.5% of patients were ≥65 years. Age at graft loss was associated with relisting in a logistic regression analysis. In the complete observational period, 42 patients (16.5%) were retransplanted. Only 4 of those (9.5%) were ≥65 years at time of graft loss. Nephrectomy had no impact on survival, relisting, or development of dnDSA. Patients after allograft loss have a high overall mortality. Immunization contributes to long waiting times. Only a very limited number of patients are retransplanted especially when ≥65 years at time of graft loss.     

Single-Incision Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Background and Objectives:

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding is an effective and popular bariatric surgery for weight loss in obese patients that traditionally involves up to 5 incisions. Recently, a more minimally invasive single-incision technique has been developed. In this retrospective study, we compare conventional and single-incision laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding with regard to weight loss and complication rates in a cohort of demographically similar patients.

Methods:

From February 2009 to February 2010, 59 patients underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding by one surgeon at an outpatient surgery center. All patients were compared by age, sex, preoperative body mass index, 30-day complication rates, and excess weight loss. Thirty-seven operations were performed by a conventional, 5-incision technique, whereas 22 patients underwent the single-incision technique. The success of these techniques was determined by comparing complication rates and average percentage excess weight loss at 6-month follow-up intervals.

Results:

Patients who underwent conventional laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding had a mean age of 41.2 years and preoperative body mass index of 48.2 kg/m² compared with 43.9 years and 40.3 kg/m², respectively, for the single-incision patients. The mean operative time in the single-incision group was longer than that in the conventional group: 47.1 minutes versus 37.4 minutes (P = .0027). The overall percentage excess weight loss was not statistically different between the 2 groups for each follow-up period. There were no complications or deaths in either group.

Conclusion:

Although patients undergoing bariatric surgery may choose the single-incision technique for cosmetic purposes, this retrospective review comparing single-incision and conventional laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding shows longer operative times with equivalent weight loss and morbidity.     

低分子量肝素预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎的临床研究

目的：探讨低分子量肝素（LMWH）预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎发生的作用。方法：将60例患者随机分成ERCP组（E组）和ERCP术前LMWH预处理组（H组），每组30例。观察ERCP术后患者的腹痛程度，血清淀粉酶（ AMS），内毒素（ET），一氧化氮（NO）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）等生化指标以及B超下胰腺形态学变化;观察H组术前术后的凝血功能变化。结果：E组腹痛症状加重者5例（16.7％，5/30），明显高于H组（0，0/30）（P<0.05）。两组患者术前各项生化指标水平均无显著差异（P>0.05），术后4h、24hE组血清ET和AMS水平明显高于H组（P<0.05），24h达高峰;E组血清NO水平明显低于H组（P<0.05）;E组各时点IL-6水平均明显高于H组（均P<0.05）。B超下E组1例胰腺有急性炎性改变，H组无凝血功能变化。结论：LMWH能预防或减轻ERCP术后胰腺急性炎症的发生，是一种简便、经济而安全的方法。其机制可能是通过改善微循环、降低炎症介质水平来实现的。     

RANKL/RANK信号途径与类风湿关节炎骨量丢失的相关性

类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）是一种慢性全身性自身免疫性疾病,临床上抑制RA患者关节周围及全身的骨量丢失是治疗的关键。研究表明炎症细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1、IL-7、IL-17等)是刺激导致RA患者骨量丢失的重要介质,破骨细胞是参与骨吸收的主要细胞,RANKL/RANK信号途径是RA炎症导致骨量丢失的主要通路。RANKL/RANK信号途径为以RA为代表的自身免疫性疾病与骨代谢疾病之间建起了一座桥梁,其在免疫系统和破骨细胞发育中的关键作用已经形成了“骨免疫”理论,以更准确的揭示在RA继发骨量丢失的过程中免疫系统与骨代谢系统间复杂的交互作用。本文综述了RA继发骨量丢失与RANKL/RANK信号途径间的相关性。     

Impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in morbidly obese patients is normalized one year after bariatric surgery

BackgroundObesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism. As an intrinsic characteristic of an individual, skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction could be a risk factor for weight gain and obesity-associated co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, impaired skeletal muscle metabolism could be a consequence of obesity. We hypothesize that marked weight loss after bariatric surgery recovers skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.MethodsSkeletal muscle mitochondrial function as assessed by high-resolution respirometry was measured in 8 morbidly obese patients (body mass index [BMI], 41.3±4.7 kg/m²; body fat, 48.3%±5.2%) before and 1 year after bariatric surgery (mean weight loss: 35.0±8.6 kg). The results were compared with a lean (BMI 22.8±1.1 kg/m²; body fat, 15.6%±4.7%) and obese (BMI 33.5±4.2 kg/m²; body fat, 34.1%±6.3%) control group.ResultsBefore surgery, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated (state 3) respiration on glutamate/succinate was decreased compared with lean patients (9.5±2.4 versus 15.6±4.4 O₂ flux/mtDNA; P<.05). One year after surgery, mitochondrial function was comparable to that of lean controls (after weight loss, 12.3±5.5; lean, 15.6±4.4 O₂ flux/mtDNA). In addition, we observed an increased state 3 respiration on a lipid substrate after weight loss (10.0±3.2 versus 14.0±6.6 O₂ flux/mtDNA; P< .05).ConclusionWe conclude that impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is a consequence of obesity that recovers after marked weight loss.     

腹腔镜减重及代谢手术前进行减重的必要性

肥胖是一种慢性、复杂性疾病,腹腔镜减重手术已成为其治疗的主要手段。对于减重手术实施前是否需要进行术前减重一直存在争议,相关临床研究结果并不一致。多个回顾性的临床研究结果表明,术前减重可以显著提高减重手术效果,缩短手术和住院时间,降低术后并发症的发生率。有研究发现,术前减重可以明显降低内脏脂肪与皮下脂肪的储备,术前2周总体重(total weight loss,TWL)下降5%可使肝脏体积缩小25%,有利于降低手术操作的难度与复杂性,缩短手术时间,进而提高减重治疗效果。加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)在近20余年发展迅速,目前已逐渐开始应用于减重及代谢外科,术前减重是减重手术加速康复策略的重要组成部分。     

全膝关节置换术围手术期隐性失血的危险因素研究

目的探讨影响人工全膝关节置换术（TKA）术后隐性失血的危险因素及发生机制。方法选取2008年5月至2011年5月136位患者192例TKA,患者平均年龄67．5岁,其中单侧膝关节置换80例,双膝关节同期置换56例,同组医师采用同种术式完成,术后24h补液总量不超过2000ml。利用Gross方程,计算患者的术后总失血量,隐性失血量以及血红蛋白降低情况,记录年龄、性别、术侧、BMI、输血等危险因素,通过SPSS13．0进行统计学分析,比较各组之间隐性失血量有无差别,分析影响TKA围手术期隐性失血的危险因素。结果单侧TKA总失血量1650ml,隐性失血830ml;双膝同期置换者总失血量2864ml,隐性失血1487ml。无论是单侧还是双侧TKA,男性及应用自体血回输患者的围手术期失血量多于对照组（P〈0．01）,双膝同期置换隐性失血量比例较大（X^2=6．836,P〈0．01）,高龄肥胖患者隐性失血量明显多于对照组（单膝）X^2=21．587,P〈0．01,双膝X^2=29．233,P〈0．01）。结论TKA术后失血量较高,其中隐性失血比例占50％以上。男性双膝同期置换的患者,年龄〉70且BMI〉27．0,使用自体血回输均是增加围手术期隐性失血的危险因素。     

Comparison study of patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for peri-prosthetic joint infections following primary total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundWhile studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes in utilization of primary total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for the treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA), adverse events such as infections can still occur. Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are associated with worse outcomes and patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare patient demographics amongst TSA patients with and without PJIs following primary TSA; and (2) identify patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA.MethodsPatients undergoing primary TSA for the treatment of glenohumeral OA were identified using the Mariner administrative claims database by CPT code 23,472. Laterality modifiers were utilized to ensure PJIs were developing in the correct laterality as those patients undergoing primary TSA. Inclusion for the study group consisted of patients who developed PJIs within 2-years after the index procedure, whereas patients who did not develop PJIs served as the comparison cohort. Primary outcomes analyzed included patient demographics and patient-related risk factors for PJIs following primary TSA. A stepwise backwards elimination multivariate binomial logistic regression analyses was performed to determine the odds (OR) of PJIs in patients undergoing primary TSA. A P value less than .05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe query yielded 15,396 patients who underwent primary TSA for glenohumeral OA, of which 191 patients developed PJIs and 15,205 did not develop PJIs. The study found statistically significant differences amongst patients who did and did not develop PJIs following primary TSA with respect to age, sex, and presence of comorbid conditions. Risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA included: pathologic weight loss (OR: 2.06, P < .0001), obesity (OR: 1.56, P = .0001), male sex (OR: 1.52, P = .007), and peripheral vascular disease (OR: 1.46, P = .022).ConclusionAs the number of primary TSAs for the treatment of glenohumeral OA increase worldwide, identifying modifiable risk-factors to reduce the incidence of infection is critical. The study found various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors associated with developing PJIs following primary TSA. This study is valuable to orthopedists in order to identify and risk-stratify patients with regard to PJI in the setting of primary TSA for OA.Level of EvidenceLevel III; Case-Control Study