农村失能老年人生活质量及影响因素调查分析

目的 了解农村失能老年人生活质量及影响因素,为建立失能老年人长期照护体系提供依据.方法 应用自行设计的一般资料调查表、欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)、健康调查简表(SF-36)、肖水源社会支持评定量表(SSRS),对开封市648例农村失能老年人进行调查.结果 农村失能老年人的总体生活质量较低,性别、年龄、失能时间、婚姻状况、配偶健康情况、居住情况、子女数、经济状况是主要影响因素;社会支持与失能老年人生活质量呈正相关.结论 农村失能老年人长期照护存在供需不平衡现象,发展农村非家庭成员照护模式非常必要.     

Medical consequences of violence: a two-year prospective study from a primary care accident and emergency department in Norway

Objective - To assess the medical consequences of violence from the perspective of a primary care accident and emergency department. Design - Prospective observational study. Setting - Bergen Legevakt (AED). Subjects - All assault victims treated at the AED 1994-96. Main outcome measures - Diagnoses, treatments, number of consultations at the AED, sickness certificates, rates of admittances to hospitals, referrals to specialists and injury severity ratings using Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and Shepherd's injury severity scale. Results - 1803 assault victims were registered, 433 (24%) females and 1370 (76%) males. Most injuries were of slight severity, corresponding to AIS 0 to 1 (82%) or Shepherd's scale 0 to 1 (74%). Bruises/contusions and cuts/lacerations dominated. The majority of patients did not receive any specific treatment at the AED and they were not given sickness certificates, but 11% were admitted to hospitals and 30% were referred to specialists. Males were more likely to be seriously injured than females. Conclusion - Most physical injuries caused by violence and treated at a primary care accident and emergency department are minor.     

What is a nurse? Is there an international consensus?

CURRIE E.J. & CARR HILL R.A. (2013) What is a nurse? Is there an international consensus? International Nursing Review 60 , 67–74 Background: Historical experience and health service modernization partly account for the variation seen in definitions of what a ‘nurse’ is from country to country. It is unclear if international disparities in nursing provision, apparent in health data for developed countries, demonstrate real differences in staffing patterns or simply reflect the wide variations in understanding and use of terms for different categories of nurse. Aim: This paper is an opinion piece of international interest discussing the need for standardization in definitions of different categories of nurse internationally. Discussion: The International Council for Nurses (ICN), the World Health Organization and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) all have different ways of defining a nurse. The wide variation in terms is particularly apparent from OECD countries however, where nursing density data present wide disparities, not readily accounted for by gross national product. Skill mix and clinical role developments may account for these better. Conclusion: Until proper consensus is reached on what a nurse is and does, any skill mix or clinical role developments will only have limited international relevance, especially in OECD countries. If nursing qualifications are to be valid even across the European Union, then recommended standards such as those of the ICN, must be specified in terms of what different categories of nurses actually can do, and their responsibilities and roles within that scope of practice. Standardization of definitions of categories of nurse internationally should reduce confusion and promote better understanding of patterns of nurse staffing and the effect these may have on patient outcomes.     

Childhood Asthma Resources on the Internet

Abstract

The various Internet hosts offer a great deal of information in the field of child and adolescent health care. In order to demonstrate the Internet's usefulness in the field of pediatrics, the topic of childhood asthma was selected to demonstrate some methods of accessing information which might be of interest to pediatric health care providers, parents, or interested lay persons. Various methods of searching for relevant information are demonstrated and the Internet facilities of Gopher, listserv, FTP, and World-Wide Web (WWW) are explored. The URLs of many useful sites which contain information pertaining to childhood asthma are given.     

Planning,Design, Equipment,and Software

Abstract

Consumer Health Information [CHI]-the term can mean many things to many people and it can take many forms. Health information in layman's terms can be found in brochures, books, journals, videos, television programs, news reports and, of course, through the Internet. Current estimates differ widely as to the number of health-related sites on the Web. A November 1999 article in the British Medical Journalestimates that there are approximately 100,000 health-related sites in existence.¹ Health resources come in many forms and the technology and design of those sites can be just as varied. When viewed as an architectural structure, certain correlations can be drawn between the construction of a home and the building of a Web site. It can take a tremendous amount of effort and planning to build both. The following article describes the design process and technology behind the Arkansas Consumer Health Information Network's consumer health Web site, ARHealthLINK http://www.arhealthlink.org     

Collaborating with Patient Care Units to Provide Consumer Health Information

Abstract

Providing access to information for patients and families is one of the primary knowledge-based functions of a hospital library. To meet this goal, the OSF Saint Francis Medical Center Library and Resource Center has developed a variety of consumer health information services, including a full-time staffed consumer health Resource Library with companion Web sites, as well as developing and supporting two departmental patient libraries. Combining the information resources of both the Resource Library and the Web sites for the Pediatric and Oncology nursing units has enhanced the information available on the overall site and provided an opportunity for collaboration with nursing staff to meet the health information needs of patients and families.     

HealthInfoIowa

Abstract

No shortage of health information exists on the Internet, but how does the consumer know what is accurate and reliable? What criteria should one use when judging the credibility of a Web site? When the searcher does not find the information he is seeking, where can he go for assistance? In Iowa, he can begin with HealthInfoIowa http://www.HealthInfoIowa.org, a consumer health information Web site sponsored by the State Library of Iowa, the Iowa Department of Public Health, the University of Iowa Hardin Health Sciences Library, Iowa Methodist/Lutheran/Blank Hospitals in Des Moines, Ames Public Library, and the Iowa Substance Abuse Information Center in Cedar Rapids. This article explains why and how HealthInfoIowa was developed and the Web site links that guide the user in locating appropriate health information resources.     

基于WebService的PACS与手持移动智能设备进行通讯的解决方案

利用WebService技术．提出了一种PACS与手持移动智能设备远程通讯的解决方案．该方案具有简单、易实现、开发周期短、实用性强、开发成本低等特点。     

Breast feeding and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children.

We have evaluated the hypothesis of a protective effect of human milk on the development of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We studied the feeding histories of 95 diabetic children and compared them with controls consisting of their non-diabetic siblings and a pair matched group of nondiabetic peers of the same age, sex, geographical location, and social background. The incidence of breast feeding in diabetic children was 18%. This was similar to the control group. The duration of breast feedings was also similar among all three groups. There was no difference in the age of introduction of solid food between diabetic and nondiabetic children. Twice as many diabetic children, however, received soy containing formula in infancy as compared to control children. The mean age of onset of IDDM was not related to the type of feeding during infancy. The incidence of positive thyroid antibodies was two and one half times higher in formula-fed diabetic children than in breast-fed ones. In our studies we were unable to document any relationship between the history of breast feeding and subsequent development of IDDM in children.     

院办院管社区卫生服务中心面临的问题及对策建议

分析了三级医院举办的社区卫生服务中心面临机构管理、人员调配、服务理念、公卫服务、以医养卫及双向转诊等现实问题,从地方政府、举办医院及社区卫生服务机构三个角度提出相关建议,为“院办院管”模式下的社区卫生服务机构运营及可持续发展提供参考.