Experimental neurotoxicity of the anorectic fenfluramine

Summary Fenfluramine, an amphophilic compound which is a halogenated derivative of amphetamine, is still used as an anorectic agent for weight reduction, as it acts on the satiety center of the hypothalamus. Holtzman strain rats aged 6 days were daily injected s.c. fenfluramine hydrochloride at the dose of 75 mg/kg body weight. The animals were killed at different time intervals between days 7 and 40, and different parts of the brain were examined by light and electron microscopy. About half of the animals showed intralysosomal membrano-cytoplasmic bodies in the oligodendroglia, neurons, and neuropil, maximally in the animals receiving 8–19 injections. They were seen as concentrically arranged, single-layered lamellae; small dense bodies; or larger heterogeneous bodies. The mechanism of production of such inclusions could be the formation of complexes of this amphophilic compound with tissue phospholipids, or some enzyme-inhibiting action. A marked prominence of dark cells, predominantly oligodendroglia, was also noticed in the brains of experimental animals. Some of these cells appeared to be dark neurons, probably resulting from the serotonin-depleting effect of fenfluramine. A few dark cells were identified as resting microglial cells, while macrophagic reactive microglia were detected in the brains of very young animals. Fenfluramine appears to provide a model for studying neuroglial reactions.Paper presented at the Erwin Riesch symposium on Lysosomal Disorders of the Nervous System, Berlin (Convenor, Prof. Cervos-Navarro); and as poster-talk at the 9th International Congress of Neuropathology, Vienna, September 1982     

2014—2021年石家庄市生活饮用水水质变化趋势分析

目的 对石家庄市2014—2021年生活饮用水常规指标进行监测,分析水质及主要监测指标变化趋势。方法 收集整理2014—2021年石家庄市生活饮用水监测资料,分析生活饮用水合格率、主要监测指标合格率、主要监测指标变化趋势。 结果 2014—2021年石家庄市共监测水样10529份,总合格率为77.15%;地表水合格率（99.08 %）高于地下水（75.96 %）、城市水合格率（85.17 %）高于农村水（75.05%）、枯水期合格率（79.79%）高于丰水期（74.51%）,完全处理水合格率（99.10%）高于仅消毒（86.29%）和未处理（70.70%）（P均<0.05）。2014—2021年石家庄市生活饮用水最低合格率为69.49%,最高合格率为82.28%,总合格率呈上升趋势（P<0.05）。主要指标耐热大肠菌群 、菌落总数、总硬度、硝酸盐、硫酸盐的合格率均呈上升趋势（P<0.05）,菌落总数、硝酸盐、氟化物、总硬度、溶解性总固体、硫酸盐、氯化物的含量均呈下降趋势（P<0.05）。结论 石家庄市2014—2021年生活饮用水水质整体呈现优化趋势,微生物指标仍是影响水质的主要因素。     

饮水型地方性氟中毒病区儿童氟斑牙患病情况与血清化学元素的关系

目的探讨改水后儿童氟斑牙患病情况和儿童体内化学元素的关系。方法采用分层抽样调查方法,根据西安市疾病预防控制中心近20年的监测资料,将西安市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区按照改水年限1~、5~、10~及≥15年进行分层,每层抽取2个病区自然村为调查点。每个调查点选择7~13岁学龄期儿童为调查对象,检查氟斑牙患病情况;并采集血样,检测血清中14种化学元素(钙、铁、镁、铜、锌、碘、硒、铅、砷、镉、铬、氟、汞、镍)含量。分析不同改水年限以及不同氟斑牙患病情况儿童体内化学元素含量的差异。结果不同改水年限的病区村(1~、5~、10~及≥15年)儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为51.40%(55/107)、16.92%(11/65)、16.67%(17/102)和5.08%(6/118),差异有统计学意义(χ²=74.444,P<0.05)。不同改水年限儿童体内血清钙、铜、铁、镁、锌、碘、硒、铅、砷、铬、氟、镍含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。氟斑牙儿童体内铁、锌、镍含量均低于正常儿童(P均<0.05),氟斑牙儿童体内氟含量高于正常儿童(P<0.05)。氟斑牙儿童与正常儿童体内的其余化学元素含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论改水年限≥15年的病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率最低,改水降氟可减少儿童氟斑牙检出率。病区儿童存在部分化学元素缺乏的问题。     

Towards an integrated theoretical framework for understanding water insecurity and gender-based violence in Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs)

Disparities in access to basic needs and resources such as water is largely borne out of power imbalance across scale. In examining these power dynamics in the context of health inequalities, scholars have deployed Feminist political ecology analytical framework to situate gender and other forms of vulnerability as emerging from unequal power relations, and political ecology of health to emphasise the health implications of inherent relational power in the distribution of resources. Although appealing, the two theoretical frameworks over time have proven to be limiting in the study of intersectional vulnerabilities such as gender-based violence and water insecurity which reflect multiple dimensions of unequal power structures. This study expands the theoretical space for the study of inequalities in health geography by demonstrating the utility of incorporating feminist political ecology with political ecology of health to form an integrated theoretical framework – Feminist Political Ecology of Health (FPEH). This proposed theoretical framework gives guidance for engaging with a suite of questions and methods related to multifaceted problems such as water insecurity and gender based-violence. The paper highlights these theoretical issues and then discusses how FPEH can enrich research on water security and gender-based violence in Low-and middle-income countries (LMICs).     

血液透析设备故障案例分析

血液透析(HD)是急慢性肾功能衰竭患者肾脏替代治疗方式之一,通过HD的治疗可以延长患者的生命,而血液透析机和水处理机是HD治疗过程中最为重要的设备,当设备出现故障时,快速分析和解决故障是HD患者顺利完成治疗的重要保障。     

2018年某市学校管道直饮水水质抽检结果分析与探讨

目的了解某市学校管道直饮水的卫生状况,为上级部门制定政策提供依据。方法2018年3—11月,随机抽取某市内42所使用管道直饮水系统的学校开展监测工作。结果共检测学校管道直饮水42份,合格32份,合格率76.19%。主要不合格指标为:菌落总数。结论学校管道直饮水卫生存在一定的风险隐患,呼吁国家尽快出台管道直饮水卫生规范和技术标准,加强管道直饮水监督和管理,确保直饮水水质安全。     

2015—2019年恩平市农村饮用水水质卫生监测结果分析

目的了解恩平市农村生活饮用水水质卫生状况,为改善农村水质安全提供科学依据。方法2015年3月—2019年3月对恩平市的乡镇水源水、出厂水进行检测。结果2015年3月—2019年3月度共检测水样3424份,水质总的合格率为56.45%,出厂水的平均合格率为34.7%,末梢水的平均合格率为61.30%,水源水平均合格率达84.6%。各类监测指标中,不合格指标有游离余氯、菌落总数、总大肠菌群、浑浊度、pH值、铝、锌、铁、锰。结论恩平市农村生活饮用水水质合格率偏低,需要改进设备;加强水源保护、消毒净化;并积极引导农民减肥增效生产;进行卫生宣传及管理,保障饮用水质量。     

夹竹桃水提物灭螺活性研究

目的 研究夹竹桃水提物的灭螺活性。方法 测试水提物作用后钉螺的死亡率,用直线回归法进行量效和时效分析。结果 夹竹桃水提物灭螺的量效和时效关系分别为Y＝95．4378D－21．2478和Y＝21．32T－3．96,pH从5．5到8．5的范围内其活性随pH上升略有下降,室内贮存1年及100℃加热2h其活性基本不变。结论 夹竹桃水提物具有很强的灭螺活性。     

急性肺水肿不同湿化剂吸氧疗效的实验研究

目的通过对急性肺水肿不同湿化剂吸氧疗效的动物实验,筛选一种合适的湿化剂.方法复制急性肺水肿的动物模型,给予蒸馏水及不同浓度的乙醇、丁醇湿化吸氧,观察吸氧前后PaO2变化及支气管肺泡灌注液(BALF)中SOD及血浆NO变化情况.结果各组PaO2在吸氧后明显增高,尤以15%、25%乙醇组增高显著(P均<0.01),肺系数显著低于未吸氧组(P<0.01);15%乙醇组BALF中SOD显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),血浆NO在吸氧后亦明显升高,但与其它各组无显著性差异.结论①低浓度乙醇(15%～25%)为最佳湿化剂浓度,丁醇不适合作湿化剂;②不同湿化剂对肺水肿吸氧疗效的影响除与其消泡作用有关外,尚与水肿液成份及其它因素有关.