Energy density,diet quality,and central body fat in a nationwide survey of young Spaniards

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of energy density on diet quality and anthropometric proxy measures for central body fat in young Spaniards.MethodsData were obtained from a representative national sample of 2513 young Spaniards aged 10 to 24 y. Dietary assessment was performed with a 24-h recall. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was measured by the KIDMED index. Reduced rank regression analysis was used to identify energy-density dietary patterns. Waist circumferences and height were measured.ResultsPastries and sausages showed the strongest loading for the dietary energy density factor score (DED-FS), with fruits and vegetables at the opposite end of the scale. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association (P < 0.01) of dietary energy density (DED) and the DED-FS with waist circumferences regressed on height and age (WC_height+age) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). The adjusted odds ratio for elevated WC_height+age and WHtR increased across quartile distribution of DED (P < 0.001) and DED-FS (P < 0.05). Diet quality characterized by the KIDMED index was negatively associated (P < 0.001) with DED and the DED-FS.ConclusionsHigher DED is a risk for increased central fat distribution and is associated with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet.     

Hip Hip Hurrah! Hip size inversely related to heart disease and total mortality

During the past decade a series of published reports have examined the value of studying the relation between hip circumferences and cardiovascular end points. Specifically, in a series of recent studies the independent effects of hip circumference have been studied after adjustment for general obesity and/or waist circumference. These studies have been remarkable in terms of their consistency, and in the unexpected finding of an adverse effect of small hip size, after statistically correcting for differences in general and abdominal size. The hazard related to a small hip size may be stronger for women than men, but is evident in both genders. In this ‘viewpoint’, we wish to draw attention to the emerging body of evidence and to encourage researchers to continue collecting measures of lower body size in their surveys.     

Relationship of Eating Behaviors with Age,Anthropometric Measurements,and Body Composition Parameters among Professional Indian Women

One hundred volunteer female college teachers were selected from Jalandhar, Punjab, India. General obesity was found in 56.6%, 76.9%, and 76.2%, abdominal obesity in 56.6%, 57.7%, and 81.0%, of 30- to 39-year-old (Group I), 40- to 49-year-old, (Group II) and 50- to 59-year-old (Group III) participants, respectively. A significantly (p ≤ .05) lower mean value of uncontrolled eating domain was observed in the participants belonging to Group I in comparison to Groups II and III. The cognitive restraint was less in Group III (13.71%), followed by Group II (14.04%) and I (13.71%). The mean values of emotional eating domain revealed not much difference in Group I (12.19%), Group II (12.65%), and Group III (12.00%). Adiposity showed a significant (p ≤ .10, .05) relationship with age and eating behaviors. In conclusion, lesser cognitive dietary restraint and emotional eating were the variables associated with adiposity in the participants.     

A Bayesian approach to infer geographical origins of migrants through surnames

Background: Surnames are an easy tool to analyse human genetic structure, mobility and evolution. Few studies use surnames to estimate human migration at different geographical level.

Primary objective: Here we propose the application of a Bayesian method to estimate the probability of geographical origin (pgo) of migrants in a given area using surnames.

Method: This method can be applied with data recordings when they are available for at least two successive periods and in the areas which are the potential sources of emigration. The principle is that the new surnames which are arriving during the second period in the area under investigation can provide information on their geographical origins. The probability of the origin of migrants can easily be estimated iteratively from the frequency of surnames by using the Bayes' theorem.

Results: This method is exemplified using civil birth registers at different geographical scales. The pgo of migrants, estimated between two periods (1891-1915 and 1916-1940), (i) from French departments to Paris (ii), from these departments to Tarbes, and (iii) from counties surrounding Tarbes to Tarbes, are mapped and discussed.

Hintergrund: Familiennamen sind ein einfaches Hilfsmittel zur Analyse von genetischen Strukturen, von Mobilität und Evolution des Menschen. Wenige Studien nutzen Familiennamen, um menschliche Migration bezüglich unterschiedlicher geographischer Niveaus einzuschätzen. Ziel: Hier wird die Anwendung einer Bayes'schen Methode empfohlen, um die Wahrscheinlichkeit des geographischen Ursprungs (pgo) von Einwanderern in ein vorgegebenes Gebiet mittels Familiennamen zu schätzen. Methode: Diese Methode kann für Datenaufzeichnungen angewendet werden, wenn diese für mindestens zwei aufeinanderfolgende Perioden und die Gebiete vorhanden sind, die potentielle Emigrationsquellen sind. Die Grundannahme ist, dass die neuen Familiennamen, die während der zweiten Untersuchungsperiode in diesem Gebiet auftreten, Informationen über deren geographischen Ursprung liefern können. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Herkunft der Einwanderer kann leicht anhand der Wiederholungsfrequenz der Familiennamen geschätzt werden, indem man das Bayes'sche Theorem verwendet. Ergebnisse: Diese Methode wird anhand von Zivilgeburtsregistern unterschiedlicher geographischer Herkunft illustriert. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit des geographischen Ursprungs (pgo) der Einwanderer, geschätzt in zwei Perioden (1891-1915 und 1916-1940), (i) von französischen Departements nach Paris (ii), von diesen Departements nach Tarbes und (iii) von den Gebieten, die Tarbes umgeben nach Tarbes, werden aufgezeigt und diskutiert.

Contexte: Les patronymes sont un outil propice à l'étude de la mobilité et de l'évolution de la structure génétique humaine, cependant peu d'études les utilisent dans une perspective de migration géographique. Objectif: On propose d'employer la méthode bayésienne appliquée aux patronymes, afin d'estimer la probabilité d'origine géographique (pog) des migrants d'une zone donnée. Méthode: cette méthode peut être appliquée à des données enregistrées sur au moins deux périodes successives, dans les régions qui sont les sources potentielles de migrants. Le principe réside en ceci que les nouveaux patronymes qui arrivent au cours de la seconde période dans la région étudiée, peuvent fournir une information sur leurs origines géographiques. La probabilité d'origine des migrants pouvant être aisément estimée itérativement par le théorème de Bayes, d'après la fréquence des noms de famille. Résultats: cette méthode est appliquée à différentes échelles géographiques, aux enregistrements des naissances contenus dans les registres d'état civil. Les pog des migrants sont estimées, discutées et représentées graphiquement entre les périodes 1891-1915 et 1916-1940 (i) des départements vers Paris (ii) de ces départements vers Tarbes et (iii) des cantons entourant Tarbes vers Tarbes.     

Lifestyle interventions targeting changes in body weight and composition among youth with an intellectual disability: A systematic review

Over the past three decades, the potential effects of lifestyle interventions targeting changes in body weight and composition (weight, body mass index, fat mass, waist circumference) among adults with an intellectual disability (ID) have been examined in various systematic reviews. Nevertheless, since the middle of the 1980s, the potential effects of these interventions for youth with an ID remain an open question. The purpose of this article is to review the effects of lifestyle interventions targeting changes in body weight and composition among youth with an ID. This review will focus on changes in body weight and composition, healthy lifestyle, and secondary health conditions. A systematic review of English- and French-language studies, published between 1981 and 2013, was performed on Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES, Medline and Scopus. The nine studies included in this review focused mainly on: a sample with a wide age range (e.g., 7–22 years); males; overweight-obese youth having a mild-to-moderate ID with Down or Prader-Willi syndrome; physical activity interventions; cohort pre- and post-test designs with/without a control group; and changes in body weight and composition. Taken together, results from these studies suggest successful changes in weight, body mass index and fat mass. However, intervention effects on healthy lifestyle and secondary health conditions are scarce and inconclusive. Given the weaknesses of the reviewed studies, the present findings should be considered preliminary and indicative of the need for future research.     

Preconception metabolic indicators predict gestational diabetes and offspring birthweight

Pregnancy conditions such as gestational diabetes (GDM) and macrosomia lead to an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the offspring, perpetuating a cycle of poor health. We hypothesized that (1) pre-pregnancy indicators of metabolism would be associated with GDM and birthweight; and (2) the lipid accumulation product (LAP; incorporating waist circumference and triglycerides) and visceral adiposity index (VAI; incorporating waist circumference, triglycerides, and HDL-c) would be better predictors of GDM and birthweight than other indicators. Data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study were linked to the Finnish birth registry for 349 women. BMI, triglycerides, waist circumference, insulin, HOMA-IR, LAP, and VAI at the visit prior to the pregnancy were examined as predictors of GDM and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) using logistic regression with adjustment for age, parity, and smoking. Waist circumference was the strongest predictor of GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.16–2.38) and LGA (aOR 1.41, 1.00–1.99). For GDM, all markers had similar discrimination; for LGA, the area under the receiver operating curve for waist circumference was significantly higher than for BMI (p?相似文献   

Food away from home and body mass outcomes: Taking heterogeneity into account enhances quality of results

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the heterogeneous association of consumption of food away from home (FAFH) with individual body mass outcomes including body mass index and waist circumference over the entire conditional distribution of each outcome.MethodsInformation on 16 403 adults obtained from nationally representative data on nutrition and behavior in Korea was used. A quantile regression model captured the variability of the association of FAFH with body mass outcomes across the entire conditional distribution of each outcome measure. Heavy FAFH consumption was defined as obtaining ≥1400 kcal from FAFH on a single day.ResultsHeavy FAFH consumption, specifically at full-service restaurants, was significantly associated with higher body mass index (+0.46 kg/m² at the 50th quantile, 0.55 at the 75th, 0.66 at the 90th, and 0.44 at the 95th) and waist circumference (+0.96 cm at the 25th quantile, 1.06 cm at the 50th, 1.35 cm at the 75th, and 0.96 cm at the 90th quantiles) with overall larger associations at higher quantiles. Findings of the study indicate that conventional regression methods may mask important heterogeneity in the association between heavy FAFH consumption and body mass outcomes.ConclusionFurther public health efforts are needed to improve the nutritional quality of affordable FAFH choices and nutrition education and to establish a healthy food consumption environment.