心血管手术输血后庚型肝炎病毒感染与年龄的关系

目的 探讨心血管手术输血后庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）感染与年龄的关系。方法 选取连续１６６例心血管手术患者进行前瞻性研究,按年龄分为Ａ,Ｂ两组,≥３６岁为Ａ组,〈３６岁为Ｂ组,测定手术前后血样标本的庚型肝炎病毒ＲＮＡ（ＨＧＶ ＲＮＡ）。结果 术后３个月ＨＧＶ总感染率４．２％。Ａ组较Ｂ组感染率高（Ｐ＝０．００６４）,体重大（Ｐ〈０．０００１）,输血量多（Ｐ〈０．０００１）,Ｂ组以先天性心脏病为主（Ｐ〈０．０００１）。结论 心血管手术输血后ＨＧＶ感染率为４．２％。小儿和青壮年感染率较中老年人低。提示心血管手术应早期施工。     

重症肝炎免疫治疗与细胞因子、T细胞亚群的调控关系

了解重症肝炎患者经Ｔα１免疫治疗前后外周血中、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ,ＩＬ－４,ＩＬ－６内毒素及Ｔ细胞亚群的变化。方法采用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法或全成基质偶氮显色法或链菌素亲生物素过氧化酶连接法检测上述指标。结果治疗前各项指标较正常值均有显著变。,后除ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＣＤ＾＋４外,其他指标基本恢复到正常水平。     

Characterization of α1-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating contractions to phenylephrine in rat thoracic aorta,mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery

1. The subtype of α₁-adrenoceptor mediating contractions to phenylephrine of the rat thoracic aorta, mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery were investigated by use of antagonists which show selectivity between the cloned α₁-adrenoceptor subtypes in binding studies.
2. Cumulative concentration-contraction curves for phenylephrine were competitively antagonized in the rat thoracic aorta by prazosin (pA₂ 9.9), WB4101 (pA₂ 9.6), 5-methylurapidil (pA₂ 8.1), benoxathian (pA₂ 9.2) and indoramin (pA₂ 7.4). These compounds were also competitive antagonists in the mesenteric and pulmonary arteries (except for 5-methylurapidil in the pulmonary artery), (prazosin pA₂ 9.9 and 9.7; WB4101 pA₂ 9.8 and 9.6; 5-methylurapidil pA₂ 7.9 and pK_B estimate 8.0; benoxathian pA₂ 8.8 and 9.3; indoramin pA₂ 7.2 and 7.5, respectively).
3. RS 17053 was not a competitive antagonist in any blood vessel as Schild plot slopes were greater than unity. The pK_B estimates for RS 17053 were 7.1 in aorta, 7.0 in the mesenteric artery and 7.7 in the pulmonary artery.
4. The α_1D-subtype selective antagonist BMY 7378 appeared to be non-competitive with shallow Schild plot slopes. The data were better fitted with two lines in all tissues, with Schild plot slopes that were no longer different from unity, except in the pulmonary artery. The higher affinity site for BMY 7378 in the aorta had a pA₂ of 9.0, while it was 8.8 and 8.9 in the mesenteric and pulmonary arteries, respectively.
5. MDL73005EF acted in a non-competitive manner in all three blood vessels, with shallow Schild plot slopes. The pK_B estimates for MDL73005EF were 8.4 in aorta, 7.5 in the mesenteric artery and 8.0 in the pulmonary artery.
6. In all three blood vessels the functionally determined antagonist affinity estimates correlated best with published pK_i values for their displacement of [³H]-prazosin binding on membranes expressing cloned α_1d-adrenoceptors compared with α_1a- or α_1b-adrenoceptors. The antagonist affinity estimates in the aorta, mesenteric and pulmonary arteries correlated highly with their previously published pA₂ values in rat aorta (α_1D) and less well with those for α_1A- and α_1B-adrenoceptors mediating contraction of the rat epididymal vas deferens and rat spleen, respectively.
7. The results of this study suggest that the contraction to phenylephrine of the rat thoracic aorta, mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery are mediated in part via the α_1D-subtype of adrenoceptor. The data for both BMY 7378 and MDL73005EF in all three blood vessels are consistent with receptor heterogeneity. However, the identity of the second site is unclear.

     

肝细胞癌患者GB病毒C感染状况及其相关性研究

为了解ＧＢ病毒Ｃ（ＧＢＶ－Ｃ）感染与肝细胞癌（下称肝癌）之间可能的相关性,采用一步法逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）对１２４ 例肝癌患者进行了ＧＢＶ－ＣＲＮＡ 检测。结果：ＧＢＶ－ＣＲＮＡ 总检出率高达２６．６％ （３３／１２４）,３３ 例ＧＢＶ－ＣＲＮＡ 检出阳性者中,９０．９％ 合并有ＨＢＶ、ＨＣＶ感染;３３ 例非Ｂ非Ｃ型肝癌中,ＧＢＶ－ＣＲＮＡ检出率为９．１％ （３／３３）。３３ 例ＧＢＶ－Ｃ感染阳性肝癌患者中,９０．０％ （３０／３３）有既往输血史,高于ＧＢＶ－Ｃ感染阴性组（４８／９１）。上述结果提示,我国肝癌患者中ＧＢＶ－Ｃ感染的检出率高于美、欧、日等地同类患者的检出率,其在肝细胞癌及输血后肝炎发生中的病因学意义值得注意。     

The biology,pathology and immunology of a virus induced rat osteosarcoma

Summary The immunogenicity of a virus-induced rat osteosarcoma was studied utilizing the lymphocyte microcytoxicity test. Lymphocytes from progressor animals (in which the tumour progressed and metastasized) demonstrated an ability to kill osteosarcoma cells in vitro, while serum from these animals abrogated or blocked the cell-mediated cytotoxicity.Lymphocytes from regressor animals (in which tumours failed to develop or regressed spontaneously) also showed cytolytic activity against osteosarcoma cells in vitro, but their serum failed to block the lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. Both progressor and regressor animals demonstrated the presence of humoral cytotoxic antibodies to tumour antigens on the basis of the ability of their serum to kill tumour cells in vitro. In an attempt to alter the fatal course of the disease in progressor animals, immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of the osteosarcoma in F1 hybrid rats war carried out by injecting them with parentalor, third party, allogeneic lymphoid cells. Injection of parental spleen lymphocytes into F1 hybrids produced a transient graft versus host reaction (GVHR), and prolonged the survival of the animals when lymphocytes were injected three days before, seven days after and on the day of tumour induction. Injection of allogeneic, third party lymphoid cells produced no detectable GVHR and prolonged the survival of F1 hybrids with osteosarcoma only when injected on the day of tumour induction. The prolonged survival of the groups treated with parental lymphoid cells was a result of stimulation of the host's immunological mechanisms during a transient GVHR, whereas the prolongation of survival in the group given allogeneic cells was most likely the result of a direct action of the donor lymphocytes on tumour cells, and not connected to a GVHR.SICOT Fellowship Award Paper, presented at the XIV-th World Congress of SICOT, Kyoto, Japan, October 15–20, 1978     

Experimental vaccinia virus meningoencephalitis in adult albino mice: Virological,light microscopic and ultrastructural studies

Summary Adult NMRI mice were inoculated intracerebrally with 1.5–5×10² pfu of the neurovirulent strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus. The animals usually became diseased on day 3 and died on day 5 or 6 p.i. Infectivity assay studies on the mouse brains yielded a steeply rising viral titer comparable with that exhibited by several other so-called neurovaccinia strains after intracerebral inoculation. Histological studies revealed a patchy leptomeningitis most apparent over the basal brain surface. Mononuclear elements of varied size were the most common infiltrate cells in the meningitic lesions. These often showed a pronounced hemorrhagic and necrotizing character. In some places, the cellular infiltrates within the subarachnoid space extended along the perforating vessels into the superficial cerebral cortex. By electron microscopy, all essential stages of virus morphogenesis including the discharge of mature virions could be seen in numerous mononuclear phagocytes and adventitial cells. In contrast to this, no unequivocal neuroectodermal cell showed morphologic evidence of productive viral infection. Likewise, no endothelia or vascular myocytes were encountered which contained newly formed virus particles. However, alterations of the walls of blood vessels and signs of disturbed vascular permeability were a frequent finding in the meningeal foci of inflammation as well as in and around the track left by the inoculating needle. Another ultrastructural feature of the meningitic lesions was the widespread occurrence of degenerating or disintegrating infiltrate cells both infected and uninfected ones.The virologic and morphologic findings observed in this model of experimental vaccinia virus meningo-encephalitis are discussed with regard to data previously published by other authors. The propensity of strain Ma1 of vaccinia virus (and most probably of other so-called neurovaccinia strains) for replication in mesenchymal cells in particularly emphasized.     

鼠和兔中流行性感冒病毒抗体的制备及测定

报道了流行性感冒病毒抗体的制备及其抗体价的检测方法。利用鼠、兔对流行性感冒(IFV)抗原的免疫反应制备抗体；酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定抗体价。结果显示：Freund佐剂与抗原的混合乳液，具有流行性感冒病毒的抗原特异性，且能够增强抗原的免疫原性，并改变宿主的免疫反应原性。     

B‐Cell lymphoproliferative disorder not associated with Epstein‐Barr Virus in a child with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD) is described in only a few children receiving chemotherapy for cancer. In all of them, an association between LPD and EBV (Epstein‐Barr Virus) was found. We report on a patient who developed LPD not associated with EBV while receiving chemotherapy for relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Despite discontinuation of chemotherapy, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and surgery the patient died. Growing experience with this disorder may allow better treatment options in the future and will show whether LPD not associated with EBV requires different therapeutic strategies. Med Pediatr Oncol 2003;40:13–17, © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

血库在安全输血中的重要性

为了全面发展安全输血事业，除了血液中心或血站与此有非常重要的关系外，血库也是一个极其重要的环节。本文从配血样本的严格把关；技术操作的规范化；科学合理用血；记录与核对；输血前的病毒检验几术方面阐述了安全血液与血库的关系，强调血库的重要性，以全方位保证临床输血安全。