Swine Influenza A(H3N2) Virus Infection in Immunocompromised Man,Italy, 2014

Because swine influenza virus infection is seldom diagnosed in humans, its frequency might be underestimated. We report a immunocompromised hematologic patient with swine influenza A(H3N2) virus in 2014 in Italy. Local pigs were the source of this human infection.     

Influenza A(H5N8) Virus Similar to Strain in Korea Causing Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Germany

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N8) virus, like the recently described H5N8 strain from Korea, was detected in November 2014 in farmed turkeys and in a healthy common teal (Anas crecca) in northeastern Germany. Infected wild birds possibly introduced this virus.     

Pathologic Changes in Wild Birds Infected with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses,South Korea, 2014

In January 2014, an outbreak of infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus began on a duck farm in South Korea and spread to other poultry farms nearby. During this outbreak, many sick or dead wild birds were found around habitats frequented by migratory birds. To determine the causes of death, we examined 771 wild bird carcasses and identified HPAI A(H5N8) virus in 167. Gross and histologic lesions were observed in pancreas, lung, brain, and kidney of Baikal teals, bean geese, and whooper swans but not mallard ducks. Such lesions are consistent with lethal HPAI A(H5N8) virus infection. However, some HPAI-positive birds had died of gunshot wounds, peritonitis, or agrochemical poisoning rather than virus infection. These findings suggest that susceptibility to HPAI A(H5N8) virus varies among species of migratory birds and that asymptomatic migratory birds could be carriers of this virus.     

琼枝麒麟菜多糖抗单纯疱疹病毒2型活性研究

目的：探讨琼枝麒麟菜多糖（EGP）抗单纯疱疹病毒2型（HSV-2）的活性及其作用机制。方法：采用观察细胞病变效应（CPE）法和MTT法评价EGP对Vero细胞的毒性。空斑减数实验检测EGP对HSV-2的综合抗病毒活性、直接灭活作用、吸附及穿刺过程的抑制作用、和感染后的治疗作用。Real-time PCR检测EGP对HSV-2基因表达及其DNA复制的影响。结果： EGP浓度低于125 μg/mL对Vero细胞无毒性。EGP具有较强的综合抗病毒活性,在实验所用最低浓度（1.95 μg/mL）下,EGP可达到80 %的HSV-2病毒抑制率。EGP对HSV-2具有很强的直接灭活和抑制吸附作用,治疗作用相对较弱。同时,EGP可以下调HSV-2早期基因UL52和晚期基因UL27的表达,但是对病毒的DNA复制过程无影响。结论：麒麟菜多糖具有显著的抗HSV-2感染活性,主要通过干扰病毒对细胞的粘附、侵入而发挥作用。     

Large-duct pattern invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas–a variant mimicking pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A minireview

Pancreatic cancer currently has no subtypes that inform clinical decisions; hence, there exists an opportunity to rearrange the morphological and molecular taxonomy that guides a better understanding of tumor characteristics. Nonetheless, accumulating studies to date have revealed the large-duct type variant, a unique subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) with cystic features. This subtype often radiographically mimics intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and involves multiple small cysts occasionally associated with solid masses. The “bunch-of-grapes” sign, an imaging characteristic of IPMNs, is absent in large-duct PDA. Large-duct PDA defines the mucin profile, and genetic alterations are useful in distinguishing large-duct PDA from IPMNs. Histologically, neoplastic ducts measure over 0.5 mm, forming large ductal elements. Similar to classic PDAs, this subtype is frequently accompanied by perineural invasion and abundant desmoplastic reactions, and KRAS mutations in codon 12 are nearly ubiquitous. Despite such morphological similarities with IPMNs, the prognosis of large-duct PDA is equivalent to that of classic PDA. Differential diagnosis is therefore essential.     

Virus reactivation in high-risk non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients after autologous CD34+-selected peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation

CD34⁺-selected peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) may not only reduce contaminated tumor cells but also compromise immunologic reconstitution and increase incidence of infections after transplantation. We analyzed the incidence of virus reactivation in CD34⁺-selected PBPCs autologous transplantation. From December 2001 to December 2004, ten high-risk aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients were enrolled in a program of high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous CD34⁺-selected PBPCs support. Viral screening studies, including clinical symptoms, physical examinations, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA, cytomegalovirus (CMV)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid diagnosis of fluorescent antibody stain for herpes-simplex virus (HSV), and viral culture from blood, fluid or tissue were performed weekly during the first 3 months and then monthly for 1 year. Two of four patients (50%) who were HBV carriers developed HBV reactivation. The other two HBV carriers who received prophylactic lamivudine therapy did not develop HBV reactivation. Two patients (20%) developed cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and three patients (30%) developed HSV infection in total ten serum-positive patients. The possibility of virus reactivation might increase in NHL patients undergoing autologous CD34⁺-selected PBPC transplantation. Administering prophylactic antivirus therapy and closely following patient’s clinical viral complications should be considered.     

Frecuencia de infección por virus del papiloma humano en pacientes con cáncer del aparato digestivo

Introduction and aim

Cancer is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. It has recently been related to viral infections, one of which is human papillomavirus. The aim of the present study was to describe the frequency of human papillomavirus infection in patients with digestive system cancers.

慢性乙型肝炎病人出现YMDD变异后继续长期应用拉米夫定的疗效

目的 观察慢性乙型肝炎病人出现YMDD变异后继续治疗的结果。方法 定期观察44例出现YMDD变异后继续长期应用拉米夫定的慢性乙型肝炎病人，项目包括临床表现、ALT、SB、乙型肝炎病毒血清学标志、HBV DNA及YMDD变异情况。结果 88例病人服拉米夫定3年，共有51例出现YMDD变异。48周、104周和168周YMDD变异率分别为21．7％、48％和68．4％。44例继续用药病人按变异后ALT的变化分为3组：ALT值＜1ULN（16例）、＞1－5ULN（21例）和＞5ULN（7例）；HBV DNA中位值分别为0．88、200．93和537．70mEq/ml；血清转换分别为7、1和1例。与无病毒变异组的血清转换率61．1％相比，变异后ALT正常组43．8％（P＞0．05），变异后ALT异常组为7．1％（P＜0．01）。结论 拉米夫定对大多数YMDD变异的慢性乙型肝病人仍有效，但须在严密监测下使用。     

天津某医院严重急性呼吸综合征暴发期间血清流行病学调查

目的 研究本院严重SARS暴发流行后，疫源地不同人群血清SARS冠状病毒（SARS-CoV）抗体水平及其产生和变化规律；探讨人群SARS-CoV隐性感染和IgG抗体的保护作用。方法 采用血清流行病学法，联合运用ELISA和免疫荧光试验（IFA），调查疫情暴发流行期间及流行后，疫源地内非SARS人群血清抗体水平变化；定性研究SARS患者病后6周内IgM、IgG抗体产生和变化规律；动态观察SARS患者康复期82周内IgG抗体水平变化规律。结果 各100例疫源地一般人群和非疫源地对照人群血清SARS-CoV IgG抗体ELISA抽样检测均为阴性；487例SARS高危人群血清SARS-CoV IgG抗体ELISA检测阳性率为0．41％，经IFA复核后均为阴性；疫源地内非SARS人群IgG抗体A值水平在疫情流行后高于流行期间，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；SARS患者病后1～6周血清抗体IgM和IgG的阳性检出率分别为7．7％、40．0％、57．8％、88．2％、76．6％、57．1％和0、23．1％、48．4％、65．4％、77．8％、100．0％；SARS患者康复期血清IgG抗体A值逐渐增高，病后第22周达到高峰，此后缓慢下降，第82周时仍维持较高水平，下降趋势减缓。结论 SARS可能不存在隐性感染者；绝大多数SARS患者在急性期或恢复早期的血清中存在IgM抗体，其出现较早，消失也较快，抗体IgG出现稍晚，但在血清中存在时间较长，达到高峰后消退缓慢，提示该抗体可能具有保护作用。