移动式烟尘净化器对电焊作业危害的控制效果评价

目的评价电焊作业场所安装移动式烟尘净化器的防护效果。方法通过对专用车制造车间移动式烟尘净化器安装前、后不同时间电焊作业产生的电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物的浓度,排尘罩口风速进行检测,并对移动式烟尘净化器的净化效果进行分析。结果安装移动式烟尘净化装置前,焊接岗位电焊烟尘浓度是职业接触限值的1.2～3.0倍。安装净化装置后,焊接岗位烟尘浓度均低于国家职业接触限值。安装移动式烟尘净化装置前,4个焊接岗位的锰及其化合物浓度是职业接触限值的1.2～11.9倍。安装净化装置后,有2个岗位的锰及其化合物浓度超标,是职业接触限值的1.5～2.0倍。锰及其化合物的浓度在净化装置运行第2天达到国家职业接触限值的0.15mg/m3,第3天的浓度为0.19mg/m3。电焊作业控制点的风速在0.15～0.24m/s,不能将电焊烟气全部吸入罩内。结论移动式烟尘净化器能有效控制专用车制造车间电焊作业产生的电焊烟尘、锰及其化合物浓度,但应对净化装置的滤料定期进行清洗、更换。     

电动汽车低频电磁环境污染防治探讨

目的 为电动汽车低频电磁环境防治提出相应的解决对策。方法 对不同类型电动汽车低频电磁环境进行检测对比分析。结果 各类车型不同点位的监测数据为0.16～19.89 μT；1、2、3、4号车主驾驶位脚部监测数据分别为19.89 μT、1.32 μT、4.27 μT、1.82 μT；监测高度越低数据增大越明显；动力母线形成的闭合回路面积越大监测数据越大；电机与驾驶室之间设置金属屏蔽隔板比不设置金属屏蔽隔板的监测数据小。结论 根据调查分析结果，提出电动汽车低频电磁环境污染防治方法：优化线缆走线设计；增加人体与动力母线的距离（使用SUV型电动汽车）；强化底板材料的电磁屏蔽效果；优化电机电池的布设位置。     

Different approaches for improving skin accumulation of topical corticosteroids

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effect of vehicle, chemical enhancer and iontophoresis on the skin accumulation of clobetasol propionate (CP) and mometasone furoate (MF). In vitro permeation experiments were performed using pig ear skin as barrier and HPLC as quantification method. The formulations tested were chitosan gels, sodium-deoxycholate gels and commercial creams of CP and MF. The results obtained indicate that Na-DOC gel had an enhancing effect on the skin accumulation of both active agents. This effect was more evident with CP especially in the stratum corneum and epidermis which are the target sites of topical steroidal treatment. Two terpene derivatives (d-limonene and nerolidol) and Transcutol^® P were evaluated as chemical penetration enhancers. Nerolidol produced considerable increase in the amount of CP and MF accumulated without any permeation across the skin. The application of electric current (anodal iontophoresis) to the gels improved the accumulation of MF while it did not effect the accumulation of CP. Due to the best accumulation results of nerolidol, the enhancement effect in combination with iontophoresis was also investigated. It was shown that, the combination of anodal iontophoresis and chemical enhancer (nerolidol) produced no further enhancement for both active agents.     

Effects of vehicles and enhancers on transdermal delivery of clebopride

The effects of vehicles and penetration enhancers on the skin permeation of clebopride were evaluated using Franz type diffusion cells fitted with excised rat dorsal skins. The binary vehicle system, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether/isopropyl myristate (40/60, w/w), significantly enhanced the skin permeation rate of clebopride. The skin permeation enhancers, oleic acid and ethanol when used in the binary vehicle system, resulted in relatively high clebopride skin permeation rates. A gel formulation consisting of 1.5% (w/w) clebopride, 5% (w/w) oleic acid, and 7% (w/w) gelling agent with the binary vehicle system resulted in a permeation rate of 28.90 microg/cm2/h. Overall, these results highlight the potential of clebopride formulation for the transdermal route.     

复方当归注射液可减轻大剂量柴油机尾气颗粒物对雌性小鼠卵和卵裂球的损伤

目的 观察雌性小鼠亚急性接触柴油机尾气颗粒物(diesel exhaust particles,DEP)致卵和卵裂球损伤以及复方当归注射液对损伤的干预效果.方法 210只21 d ICR雌鼠随机分为对照组(A组)、DEP组(B组)、DEP+小剂量组(C组)、DEP+中剂量组(D组)和DEP+大剂量组(E组)(各42只),分别向小鼠咽后壁接种12.0 μg/μl DEP混悬液(B～E组)或载液(PBS,A组)各30μl,每3 d重复接种1次,共4次.末次DEP接触后3 d处死动物.C、D、E组首次接种日至处死前1 d,每日分别经腹腔给予复方当归注射液相当于生药75、150和300 mg各1次,连续给药12次.观察指标包括小鼠一般情况、体重;卵巢重量、卵巢重量/体重比值、卵巢组织超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(reduced glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(malonaldehyde,MDA)含量;卵母细胞的存活率、胚泡破裂比率、第一极体释放率、受精率、线粒体DNA含量和超微结构变化.结果 (1)各组小鼠体重差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).卵巢重量、卵巢重量/体重比值、卵巢SOD活性和GSH含量B组分别为(1.5±0.6)mg、(7.2±2.5)×10-5、(192.10±23.67)nU/mg prot和(262.40±31.60)nmol/mg prot,C组分别为(1.7±0.2)mg、(8.9±0.6)×10-5、(198.92±24.27)nU/rng prot和(271.66±14.58)nmol/mg prot,D组分别为(2.1±0.2)mg、(9.8±1.1)×10-5、(214.37±27.19)nU/mg prot和(285.93±9.55)nmol/mg prot,低于A组,分别为(3.3±1.5)mg、(15.4±7.3)×10-5、(292.30±40.03)nU/mg prot和(367.98±24.59)nmol/mg prot(P＜0.05或＜0.01);E组分别为(3.7±1.1)mg、(18.7±5.4)×10-5、(279.10±12.63)nU/mg prot和(353.59±10.61)nmol/mg prot,显著高于B组(P＜0.01);MDA含量B、C、D组分别为(3.88±0.35)nmol/mg prot、(3.62±0.19)nmol/mg prot和(2.63±0.34)nmol/mg prot,显著高于A组的(2.18±0.44)nmol/mg prot(P＜0.05或＜0.01),D、E组[(2.35±0.37 nmol/mg prot]显著低于B组(P＜0.01).(2)观察时间B、C组卵母细胞存活率以及B、C、D组第一极体释放率和24 h体外受精率显著低于A组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),E组显著高于B组(P＜0.05);各组胚泡破裂比率均为100%.(3)卵母细胞线粒体DNA的拷贝数对数值,与A组比较,C、D、E组显著降低(P＜0.01);与B组比较,C、D组显著降低而E组显著升高(P＜0.01).(4)A组卵母细胞结构无明显改变;B、C组卵母细胞许多细胞器退变明显,部分细胞坏死;D组细胞内较多线粒体肿胀、空泡化,E组这些变化范围及程度均减小.结论复方当归注射液对雌性小鼠亚急性接触DEP所致的卵和卵裂球损害有治疗及保护作用.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征对机动车驾驶影响的研究现状

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）可损害反应速度、警觉性等认知功能。研究发现OSAHS驾驶员发生机动车事故的机率明显高于非OSAHS驾驶员；经过有效治疗OSAHS患者事故风险回复至非OSAHS人群的水平；商业驾驶员中嗜睡发生率、OSAHS患病率显著高于普通人群。因此，在机动车驾驶人员中，积极预防、发现、诊断和治疗OSAHS，对驾驶员个人健康和安全、对社会交通安全均有重要价值。     

Safety data on 19 vehicles for use in 1 month oral rodent pre‐clinical studies: administration of hydroxypropyl‐ß‐cyclodextrin causes renal toxicity

Potential new drugs are assessed in pre‐clinical in vivo studies to determine their safety profiles. The drugs are formulated in vehicles suitable for the route of administration and the physicochemical properties of the drug, aiming to achieve optimal exposure in the test species. The availability of safety data on vehicles is often limited (incomplete data, access restricted/private databases). Nineteen potentially useful vehicles that contained new and/or increased concentrations of excipients and for which little safety data have been published were tested. Vehicles were dosed orally once daily to HanWistar rats for a minimum of 28 days and a wide range of toxicological parameters were assessed. Only 30% (w/v) hydroxypropyl‐ß‐cyclodextrin was found unsuitable owing to effects on liver enzymes (AST, ALT and GLDH), urinary volume and the kidneys (tubular vacuolation and tubular pigment). 20% (v/v) oleic acid caused increased salivation and hence this vehicle should be used with caution. As 40% (v/v) tetraethylene glycol affected urinary parameters, its use should be carefully considered, particularly for compounds suspected to impact the renal system and studies longer than 1 month. There were no toxicologically significant findings with 10% (v/v) dimethyl sulphoxide, 20% (v/v) propylene glycol, 33% (v/v) Miglyol®812, 20% (w/v) Kolliphor®RH40, 10% (w/v) Poloxamer 407, 5% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 or 10% (v/v) Labrafil®M1944. All other vehicles tested caused isolated or low magnitude effects which would not prevent their use. The aim of sharing these data, including adverse findings, is to provide meaningful information for vehicle selection, thereby avoiding repetition of animal experimentation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海口市交通噪声调查及对居民影响特征分析

目的:了解海口市城市交通噪声污染状况、区域分布及与车流量的关系。了解海口市内交通噪声对居民影响特征,探讨该市交通噪声污染控制措施。方法:代表性选择海口市四个交通干道作为监测点,分别测定3个上下班的高峰时段的噪声声级(早晨、中午、晚上)和1个低峰时段(晚22点),对小时车流量进行监测,SPSS12.0进行数据统计,作出评价。结果:海口市交通主干道汽车白天噪声声级(Ld)均值为(70.72±4.37)dB,存在较明显的区域差异。从小到大依次为:迎宾路、沿江路、秀英路、海府路,海府路超标最严重,夜间更甚,Ln为(67.39±3.84)dB。人群对噪声的主观反应分别为:不烦11.8%,有点烦56.2%,烦恼23.4%,非常烦8.6%。噪声的水平与车流量呈的正相关,但不存在线性关系。非条件logistic分析表明:性别、主室朝向的声源种类、噪声能量级别以及自身健康状况是对人群影响程度的相关因素。结论:海口市交通噪声超标明显,且存在明显区域差异,噪声的水平与车流量相关明显。交通噪声对人的影响尚与道路绿化、路面状况及隔声装置等有关,需针对噪声污染严重的地段进行管理和控制。     

Purified low-density lipoprotein and bovine serum albumin efficiency to internalise lycopene into adipocytes

Epidemiological studies have suggested that lycopene has protective effects against various diseases including cardiovascular diseases. However, mechanistic studies to understand these effects are difficult due to the insolubility of lycopene in aqueous culture medium. The objective of the present study was to use LDL or BSA as physiological vehicles for lycopene and to compare them with various classical vehicles.Among tested vehicles, only LDL, BSA, THF/BHT, beadlets, and liposomes were able to solubilise lycopene. No cytotoxicity was observed with these vehicles. LDL and BSA allowed good stability of lycopene during incubation (52% and 43% for 2 μM lycopene solutions), but remained less efficient than THF/BHT or beadlets (67% and 62%). Incubation of adipocytes (3T3-L1) with the different vehicles for 24 and 48 h showed that beadlets best delivered lycopene to cells. Finally, whatever the vehicle used, intracellular localization of lycopene was the same: lipid droplets (32–51%), plasma membrane (32–37%) and nuclear membrane (19–29%). As a conclusion, LDL or BSA display comparable properties to THF/BHT or beadlets. It is the first time that lycopene carried by physiological vehicles is shown to reach different subcellular compartments supporting molecular effects in adipocyte, such as cell signaling or nuclear receptor interacting.     

多功能卫生除害处理专用车辆的研制

目的了解目前口岸卫生除害处理的现状,研究设计出集多种功能于一体的先进、高效的卫生处理专用车辆。方法根据当前国境口岸卫生处理形势的需要,设计出了多功能卫生除害处理车,并进行了多次试用和改进。结果多功能卫生除害处理专用车的使用,提高了卫生除害处理的效率,并可以在检疫查验、卫生监督及突发事件的处置中发挥重要作用。结论多功能卫生除害处理专用车辆具有高效、灵活、稳定的特点,可以极大地提高口岸卫生除害处理的效率。