Lymphadenitis caused by infection with an isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant strain of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in an infant with IFN-γ/IL-12 pathway defect

We report a rare case in a female infant (age, 3.5 months) with primary immunodeficiency (IFN-γ/IL-12 pathway defect) who presented with suppurative lymphadenitis after Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination. The strain of M. bovis BCG identified was found to be resistant to isoniazid and rifampin. The patient was treated with a special pharmacological regimen involving isoniazid (in a limited, strategic manner), ethambutol, streptomycin, and IFN-γ, after which there was complete resolution of the lesions.     

The outer membrane protein,LamB (maltoporin), is a versatile vaccine candidate among the Vibrio species

Maltoporin (LamB) is a family of outer membrane proteins. There has been no report of immunological characteristics of LamB in the Vibrio species so far. In this study, lamB genes from eight Vibrio strains were cloned and sequenced. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that sequence similarities of LamB proteins were ranged from 46.7% to 81.1%. Further, the result showed that their antigenic epitopes were highly conserved implying that LamB might be a shared antigen among Vibrios. The Western blot of rabbit sera against recombinant LamB from V. alginolyticus ATCC 33787 with cell lysate of 18 Vibrio strains showed cross-recognition. Bands observed on cell lysate of Vibrio strains immunoblotted with the anti-LamB sera ranged between 40 and 49 kDa. The Whole-cell ELISA assay further confirmed that the antisera of recombinant LamB recognized the tested Vibrio strains indicating the surface-exposed of LamB. Finally, the cross-protective property of recombinant LamB was evaluated through vaccination and subsequent challenge with heterogeneous virulent Vibrio strains in zebrafish. Recorded relative percent survival (RPS) of the vaccinated group varied from 54.1% to 77.8%, showing that zebrafish were protected from Vibrio infection after immunization with LamB protein. The cumulative evidences in this study suggested that LamB was a conserved antigen among tested Vibrio species and might be a potentially versatile vaccine candidate for the prevention of Vibriosis.     

Pertussis—The Case for Universal Vaccination

PURPOSE. Does the literature support universal vaccination of adolescents and adults, reducing disease incidence in infants and young children? DESIGN & METHODS. An extensive literature review and a meta-analysis of four case-control studies, evaluating effects of missed or late vaccine doses, was conducted. RESULTS. The literature confirms (a) increasing pertussis rates; (b) adults and adolescents are the primary carriers; (c) vaccine effectiveness wanes over time; and (d) pertussis persists despite disease control efforts. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Missed or late doses mean an increase in likelihood of contracting pertussis, supporting full vaccination for children and boosters for adolescents/adults.     

一种腺病毒载体疫苗的体外生物活性和细胞毒性研究

目的探讨一个以腺病毒为载体的人用疫苗(代号LMP-Ad)在传代动物细胞株上的表达能力和细胞毒性,为动物试验提供依据。方法受试物LMP-Ad以不同感染复数(MOI=3000、1000、300、100和30)感染非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)、幼仓鼠肾细胞(BHK)、小鼠成纤维细胞(L929)和人胚肺二倍体细胞(KMB17)4种传代细胞株后,用免疫细胞化学染色法检测目的蛋白LMP在细胞膜上的表达情况;在MOI=3×105、3×104、3×103、3×102和30时,用MTT法和FCM检测细胞相对增殖率(RGR)和细胞死亡率。结果在4种细胞中均检测到目的蛋白的表达,其中BHK细胞呈弱阳性,而Vero和KMB17在MOI低至30时仍较好地表达目的蛋白;随着感染剂量的提高,4种细胞的RGR下降而死亡率上升,其中以Vero细胞的变化最为明显。结论受试物对上述细胞均具生物活性,并在高感染剂量时表现出对细胞的生长抑制和一定程度的损伤,4种细胞以Vero和KMB17对受试物最为敏感,更适于作为该类新药的体外研究模型。     

肿瘤基因工程纳米疫苗NL(MH)抗肿瘤复发的实验研究

目的：在小鼠体内观察纳米疫苗NL（MH）抗肿瘤复发作用。方法：以PBS、空白脂质体、MH、MH／NL、NL（MH）免疫C57BL／6小鼠3次后，IFN-γ ELISPOT和LDH杀伤实验检测纳米疫苗激活小鼠特异性细胞免疫反应的情况；以肿瘤攻击实验和肿瘤切除后复发实验来评价纳米疫苗预防肿瘤复发作用。结果：与对照组相比，NL（MH）组小鼠脾淋巴细胞中分泌IFN-γ的T细胞数量明显增多（P〈0．05），CTL对B16-MAGE3细胞具有显著的特异性杀伤作用；在肿瘤攻击实验中，NL（MH）组B16-MAGE3肿瘤成瘤时间长、成瘤率低；肿瘤切除后，NL（MH）组B16-MAGE3肿瘤复发时间延迟，复发率明显降低。结论：NL（MH）能够刺激机体产生强烈的MAGE3特异性的细胞免疫反应，对表达MAGE3的肿瘤细胞具有显著的杀伤作用，能有效预防B16-MAGE3切除后复发。     

体外构建的HTA-HSP70BCG冲激的树突状细胞疫苗的抗肿瘤作用

 目的 观察体外构建的榄香烯复合瘤苗抗原-卡介苗热休克蛋白70复合物（H_TA—HSP70_BCG）诱导的树突状细胞疫苗的抗肿瘤效应。方法 来源于小鼠的肝癌Hca-F榄香烯复合疫苗的抗原（HTA）与卡介苗来源的HSPT0（HSP70_BCG）在体外构建成HTA—HSP70_BCG复合物，用GM-CSF和IL-4诱导树突状细胞（DCs），分别用HTA—HSP70_BCG、HTA和HSP70麟对其冲激。用舯法检测该DCs刺激的全脾细胞的增殖活性及被刺激的脾细胞的细胞毒活性。用流式细胞仪检测DCs表面（瑚6和CD40的表达。结果 体外构建HTA—HSP70_BCG可以诱导DCs成熟，表现为DCs表达CD86和CD40上调，该DCs可以刺激全脾细胞增殖并使其产生特异性杀瘤活性，其强度明显大于HTA。结论 体外构建HTA—HSP70麟复合物可以诱导DCs成熟，该DCs可以激活脾细胞产生较强的特异性抗瘤效应。     

不同佐剂增强小鼠黑色素瘤瘤苗抗瘤细胞免疫效应的比较

 目的 评价5种不同配方佐荆在低免疫原性小鼠黑色素瘤瘤苗保护性免疫中的细胞免疫增强作用。方法 实验组用5种不同配方的佐剂（FCA，FCA＋IL-2＋GM-CSF，FIA＋IL-2＋GM-CSF，FIA＋SWZY，FIA＋SWZY＋IL-2＋GM-CSF）和照射灭活的D5黑色素瘤细胞制成瘤苗免疫小鼠，对照组免疫用单纯灭活D5黑色素瘤细胞。末次免疫后3天各组取半数动物检测DTH反应、NK细胞活性及特异性CTL活性，剩余半数动物接种活D5黑色素瘤细胞，3周后再次检测上述各免疫学参数。结果 与对照组相比，经免疫后的各实验组DTH反应、NK细胞活性、CTL活性均明显升高（P〈0．05），但成瘤后随肿瘤增大，则呈下降趋势。结论 5种佐剂配方制成的瘤苗均能诱导免疫小鼠对低免疫原性肿瘤的细胞免疫应答。其中佐剂SWZY和FCA增强免疫的效果相当，而毒副作用较小，可望成为一种人类肿瘤免疫治疗的新型佐剂。     

人乳头状瘤病毒18型阳性肿瘤疫苗的构建及体外活性鉴定

目的: 制备人乳头状瘤病毒（human papilloma virus, HPV）18型阳性的肿瘤疫苗，并观察其体外活性。方法:利用昆虫杆状病毒(简称Bac to Bac)表达系统，将HPV18L1基因重组入穿梭质粒pFastBacHtb，构建HPV18 L1Htb，通过转座反应,将目的基因片段重组入杆状病毒基因     

mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗对结核病预防作用的研究

目的评价mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗对结核病预防效果。方法观察mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗对结核分支杆菌感染的预防试验中实验动物半数死亡时间、一定时间内的死亡率、大体病变、T细胞及B细胞免疫功能等指标评价mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗对结核分支杆菌的预防效果。结果用mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗对分支杆菌感染进行预防,mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗组及卡介苗组与生理盐水对照组比较都能延长结核分支杆菌感染小鼠的半数死亡时间,降低2个月的死亡率。结核分支杆菌攻击后2个月,处死小鼠时,mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗组小鼠脏器与其他各组之间差异无统计学意义。各组小鼠脏器研磨、消化后稀释为不同梯度进行培养,mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗小鼠肺结核分支杆菌生长的最低稀释度主要集中在10-5,肝、脾结核分支杆菌生长的最低稀释度主要集中在10-4。抗体检测结果及淋巴细胞增殖实验各组间差异无统计学意义。结论初步实验表明:mpt64-卡介苗重组疫苗对结核分支杆菌感染的预防作用与卡介苗差异无统计学意义。