福州市透视受检者入射体表剂量率现况与控制措施研究

目的 了解福州市医用常规X射线机透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值水平,并研究控制措施,保障受检者健康权益。方法 参照《医用常规X射线诊断设备影像质量控制检测规范》（WS 76-2011）对透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值水平进行调查与评价,并对控制措施结果开展追踪调查。结果 共调查87台X射线影像增强器透视设备,透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值>25 mGy/min为22台,对其中（市级及以下卫计委管理）17台开展干预。5台经过设备维修,5台采用"高电压、低电流、厚滤过"操作方法,透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值降为≤ 25 mGy/min。停机4台。待置换新机3台。结论 加强监督管理,开展放射工作人员培训,提高放射卫生防护意识;强化质量控制检测,及时维修或更换透视机;采用"高电压、低电流、厚滤过"等合理操作方法,是控制透视受检者入射体表空气比释动能率典型值的主要措施。     

The Association between Intentional Overdose and Same-Sex Sexual Intercourse in a Cohort of People who Inject Drugs in Melbourne,Australia

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) are at disproportionately high risk of suicidal behaviors, as are individuals who report same-sex attraction or experience. However, there is little evidence of compounded risk of suicide for individuals who report same-sex sexual intercourse (SSI) and are PWID. Objectives: To explore the associations of lifetime intentional overdose amongst a cohort of PWID, with particular attention to those reporting SSI. Methods: The sample included 529 participants, from an ongoing cohort of 757 PWID. An “ever” SSI variable was created for participants who reported sexual intercourse with a same-sex partner at any longitudinal interview. We explored the adjusted associations between SSI and lifetime intentional overdose using logistic regression. Results: Ninety-one (17%) participants reported ever experiencing an intentional overdose. Forty-one (8%) participants reported SSI at any interview. Three hundred and sixty (68%) participants reported diagnosis of a mental health condition. Diagnosis of a mental health condition (AOR = 2.02, 95% CIs: 1.14, 3.59) and SSI (AOR = 2.58, 95% CIs: 1.22, 5.48) significantly increased the odds of lifetime intentional overdose. Conclusions/Importance: We found a heightened risk of intentional overdose amongst PWID reporting SSI, after controlling for diagnosis of a mental health condition. Services need to be aware of this heightened risk and target interventions appropriately.     

MSCT联合MRI检查在颅底沟通性脑膜瘤临床诊治中的应用价值分析

目的分析MSCT联合MRI检查在颅底沟通性脑膜瘤临床诊治中的应用价值。方法回顾分析本院2017年1月至2019年5月收治的39例颅底沟通性脑膜瘤患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行MSCT、MRI检查。对患者所得图像进行分析,以手术后病理结果为基准,比较MSCT、MRI单独检查和联合检查对颅底沟通性脑膜瘤的灵敏度、特异度、准确度以及肿瘤对周围受侵部位(骨质、软组织)诊断符合率。结果在MSCT、MRI单独检查中,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),MSCT+MRI检查敏感性、特异性、准确性明显高于单一检查(P<0.05);MSCT侵犯周围骨质检查准确率(79.48%)优于M RI(56.41%),M RI周围软组织检查准确率(84.61%)优于MSCT(51.28%);而MSCT+MRI在周围骨质、软组织检出准确率分别为94.87%、97.43%,均优于单独检查(P<0.05);在MSCT检查时,肿瘤一般为高密度或等高密度,64.10%(25/39)患者肿瘤周围可见水肿;增强扫描为均匀强化。MRI检查中反馈为稍高长信号或等信号,增强扫描为明显均匀强化。结论MSCT、MRI检查在颅底沟通性脑膜瘤临床诊治中均有一定的应用价值,两者联合诊断可减少误诊和漏诊的情况,可为临床提供更全面的信息。     

常规超声、超声弹性成像以及18F-FDG PET/CT诊断乳腺良恶性病变的价值

目的观察常规超声、超声弹性成像以及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性2019年1月至2020年2月在我院治疗的67例乳腺病变患者的临床资料。分析其影像学资料,比较常规超声、超声弹性成像以及¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与病理学检查结果的一致性;以病理学检查为标准,比较三种检查对乳腺良恶性病变的诊断效能及诊断价值。结果¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT检查结果与病理学检查结果的一致性(Kappa=0.906)大于常规超声(Kappa=0.566)和超声弹性成像(Kappa=0.662);¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的灵敏度及特异度高于常规超声,准确率高于常规超声、超声弹性成像(P<0.05);经ROC曲线分析得,¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的AUC为0.966,大于常规超声(0.787)及超声弹性成像(0.838,P<0.05)。结论¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的准确率高于常规超声、超声弹性成像,且其具有较高的诊断价值。     

良、恶性肺磨玻璃结节MSCT影像学特征及诊断价值

目的分析良、恶性肺磨玻璃结节MSCT影像学特征及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析,本院2017年2月至2019年8月在本院收治的100例肺部GGN患者,所有患者均进行MSCT检查。对患者所得图像进行分析,对患者临床资料进行收集分析,并以病理结果为基准比较MSCT检查对良、恶性肺磨玻璃结节诊断符合率。结果良恶性肺GGN患者在吸烟史、年龄、肿瘤直径,有MSCT征象(毛刺、空泡、分叶、胸膜凹陷、血管集束、支气管充气)、以及CT值比中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析:年龄偏大、CT值高、有毛刺、空泡、分叶、胸膜凹陷、支气管充气征为影响恶性肺GGN的危险因素(P<0.05)。与病理结果比较,MSCT对良性肺GGN诊断符合率不一致(P<0.05)。但对恶性肺GGN诊断符合率一致(P>0.05)。结论对存在危险因素的患者需怀疑是否为恶性肺GGN,对肺GGN性质诊断中需结合患者基本情况、临床表现、影像学检查进行诊断鉴别。     

Selective age-related changes in orientation perception

Orientation perception is a fundamental property of the visual system and an important basic processing stage for visual scene perception. Neurophysiological studies have found broader tuning curves and increased noise in orientation-selective neurons of senescent monkeys and cats, results that suggest an age-related decline in orientation perception. However, behavioral studies in humans have found no evidence for such decline, with performance being comparable for younger and older participants in orientation detection and discrimination tasks. Crucially, previous behavioral studies assessed performance for cardinal orientation only, and it is well known that the human visual system prefers cardinal over oblique orientations, a phenomenon called the oblique effect. We hypothesized that age-related changes depend on the orientation tested. In two experiments, we investigated orientation discrimination and reproduction for a large range of cardinal and oblique orientations in younger and older adults. We found substantial age-related decline for oblique but not for cardinal orientations, thus demonstrating that orientation perception selectively declines for oblique orientations. Taken together, our results serve as the missing link between previous neurophysiological and human behavioral studies on orientation perception in healthy aging.     

NT-proBNP对基层不稳定型心绞痛患者危险分层的价值

目的观察NT-proBNP对基层不稳定型心绞痛(UA)患者危险分层的价值。方法选择60例UA患者,检测血浆NT-proBNP与cTnI浓度,同时观察心电图ST段压低数值,并根据Gensini法进行冠状动脉病变积分计算。结果 60例患者中低危患者40例,高危患者20例。低危与高危患者血浆NT-proBNP浓度、ST段压低程度、cTnI浓度以及Gensini积分差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。将患者分为NT-proBNP>1 219 pg/mL组与≤1 219 pg/mL组,两组患者cTnI浓度、ST段压低程度与Gensini积分差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。此外,NT-proBNP与ST段压低程度、cTnI浓度与Gensini积分存在明显正相关(P<0.05)。结论 NT-proBNP能够作为UA患者早期危险分层的重要指标,对临床治疗有指导意义。     

N末端B型脑钠肽前体在不典型心力衰竭诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨N末端B型脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）对不典型心力衰竭的诊断价值.方法 选择深圳市人民医院2010年5月至2012年5月病房住院患者疑诊为临床症状不典型心力衰竭264例,检测血清NT-proBNP水平,同时完善胸部X线片、超声心动图等心功能不全相关辅助检查,比较NT-proBNP界值法、超声心动图参数法及实用内科学标准法对心力衰竭的阳性检出率.结果 NT-proBNP界值法、超声心动图参数法及实用内科学标准法评判,检出阳性率分别为93.9％（248/264）、70.1％（185/264）、58.3％（154/264）.阳性率采用非参数独立样本秩和检验比较,各组之间差异有统计学意义（Z=90.488,P=0.000）;3种评判方法两两比较,采用矫正检验水准α=0.017,NT-proBNP界值法与超声心动图参数法及实用内科学标准法评判阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义（Z =50.849,P=0.000;Z =91.933,P=0.000）;超声心动图参数法及实用内科学标准法评判阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义（Z =7.904,P=0.005）.结论 NT-proBNP界值法在不典型心力衰竭中的诊断价值优于超声心动图参数法及实用内科学标准法评判法.