南通城区高龄老人社区卫生服务需求调查

目的:探讨高龄老人社区卫生服务需求状况及影响因素。方法:通过对社区卫生服务站定点的4个社区,110名80岁以上的老人问卷调查。分析高龄老人社区卫生服务需求的影响因素。结果:被调查高龄老人有26.2%愿意建立社区健康档案;25.3%的老人愿意医务人员上门服务;14.5%的老人愿意在生病出院后,在家中继续接受医疗康复服务;21.7%的老人愿意在社区接受健康教育;32.6%的老人愿意在社区定期进行体检。11.8%的老人选择热线电话健康咨询服务;9.1%的老人愿意接受居家护理服务;67.3%的老人选择在家中养老。结论:城区高龄老人社区卫生服务需求还应加大对社区卫生服务的宣传力度,提高高龄老人对社区卫生服务的认知度和接受程度。     

Need for recovery after work predicts sickness absence: a 2-year prospective cohort study in truck drivers

BACKGROUND: Incomplete recovery from work-related fatigue after work (i.e., sustained activation) is assumed to mediate the relation between the exposure to stressful working conditions and the development of health problems. The need for recovery after work scale reflects the extent to which workers have difficulties to recover adequately from work-related fatigue after a working day. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish if need for recovery after work in truck drivers (1). predicts future sickness absence (>14 working days) and (2). mediates the prospective relation between stressful working conditions (low control, high job demands) and sickness absence. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires, providing information about need for recovery after work, sickness absence, job control, and job demands (psychological, physical, and supervisor job demands), were sent to a random sample of 2000 drivers in 1998. Of the 1123 responders, 820 returned a completed questionnaire 2 years later (response 72%). This study was restricted to the 526 participants who still worked at follow-up as a truck driver at the same company. RESULTS: High baseline need for recovery after work was associated with an increased risk for subsequent sickness absence (odds ratio [OR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-4.24) after adjustment for age, previous sickness absence, marital status, educational level, and company size. Additional adjustment for baseline stressful working conditions led to a marginally reduction of the excess risk for sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS: High need for recovery after work increases the risk of subsequent sickness absence that is not explained by relevant (non-) work-related factors. However, the results did not testify that need for recovery after work mediates between the exposure to stressful working conditions, and the subsequent occurrence of sickness absence. Practically, the results indicate that monitoring recovery complaints in truck drivers may assist practitioners to take efficient preventive measures at the appropriate time.     

医疗信息系统的时间同步

本文讨论了医疗信息系统的时间同步的必要性，介绍了一个在VB6．0下封装了Winsock构成的时间同步控件和利用它实现时间同步的方案，给出了部分实现代码。     

费用补偿方式对医疗服务需求和利用的影响

文章采用按服务项目付费和按人头付费2种补偿方式,比较2种方式样本人群的门诊医疗服务需求和利用的情况,探讨不同费用补偿方式对医疗服务需求和利用的影响程度.结果显示2种费用补偿方式在服务需求利用及医疗费用方面存在显著差异(P＜0.01).在医疗服务的费用补偿中引入供方风险分担机制,这是控制医疗费用快速增长的一个重要举措:同时应积极探索多种费用补偿方式的联合使用,相对客观地反映医疗服务的真实成本,对协调医疗费用和服务质量的平衡意义重大.     

Knowledge and Service Demand of Reproductive Health among Migrant Population

In China, a great change has taken place in the number of migrant population and pace of migration, in tandem with rapid development of economy. It is estimated that the number of migrant population is growing in the speed of 5 million per year, and it wi…     

社区老年冠心病患者居家用药知识需求调查

目的：调查分析社区老年冠心病患者居家用药知识的需求，探讨行之有效教育对策，为患者进一步实施用药知识教育提供依据。方法：随机选取15个社区康复服务中心建档的120名老年冠心病患者进行问卷调查，针对存在问题，提出相应的教育对策。结果：85．7％（99／116）的老年冠心病患者用药知识欠缺，出院后居家用药知识需求排首位；50．8％（59／116）以上的老年冠心病患者用药行为关键方面依从性差，没有形成医院外有效、安全用药的观念；对社区医护人员讲解、授课、电话咨询及定期组织冠心病病友小组交流的需求高达96．7％（112／116）。结论：社区老年冠心病患者在疾病控制过程中，需要不断更新用药知识，以促使其树立正确的用药观念，形成良好的用药行为。     

A Microstructural Hyperelastic Model of Pulmonary Arteries Under Normo- and Hypertensive Conditions

This work represents the first application of a statistical mechanics based microstructural orthotropic hyperelastic model to pulmonary artery mechanics under normotensive and hypertensive conditions. The model provides an analogy between the entangled network of long molecular chains and the structural protein framework seen in the medial layer, and relates the mechanical response at macro-level to the deformation (entropy change) of individual molecular chains at the micro-level. A finite element approach was adopted to implement the model. Material parameters were determined via comparing model output to measured pressure–stretch results from normotensive and hypertensive trunks and branches obtained from a rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Results from this initial study show that this model appears reasonable for the study of hyperelastic and anisotropic pulmonary artery mechanics. Typical tangent modulus values ranged from 200 to 800 kPa for normotensive arteries—this increased to beyond 1 MPa for hypertensive vessels. Our study also provokes the hypothesis that increase of cross-linking density may be one mechanism by which the pulmonary artery stiffens in hypertension.     

Dental and oral lesions in HIV infected patients: a study in Brazil

AIM: To determine the prevalence of dental and oral lesions, as well as treatment need, in a group of HIV sero-positive Brazilians. In addition, to test the association between oral manifestation of HIV infection and age, sex, mode of transmission and drug therapy. METHOD: All HIV seropositive patients attending a dedicated dental clinic in Recife were invited to participate in the study. They were all examined by one trained and calibrated examiner and interviewed by one trained interviewer. RESULTS: 161 of 204 patients (78.9%) agreed to participate in this study. Most of the participants were male (76%), had acquired HIV sexually (74.5%), and were taking some form of antiretroviral therapy (70.8%). 33.5% had one or more oral manifestation of HIV. Candidiasis was the most common (28.6%), followed by hairy leukoplakia (9.3%), Kaposi sarcoma (2.5%), ulceration (2.5%), herpes simplex (1.2%), papiloma (0.6%), and 4.4% had periodontal disease. Only 1.2% reported xerostomia. There were no differences in the prevalence of oral manifestations of HIV infection between age groups, sexes, modes of transmission and types of drug therapy (P>0.05). The mean DMF-T score was 19 (SD 8) and 78.9% needed some form of dental treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While the prevalence of oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS was low in this sample of HIV seropositive Brazilians, dental status was poor and need for dental treatment was high.     

Evaluation in the design of health information systems: application of approaches emerging from usability engineering

This paper examines the role of evaluation in the design of health care information systems. A framework is presented for considering evaluation in the context of software development processes, in particular, the systems development life cycle (SDLC). Variations on standard design methodologies are then discussed, including methods based on rapid development and continual evaluation of prototype systems. Usability testing is presented as a key method for conducting evaluations during iterative system development. The emergence of design methodologies, where evaluation is viewed as a central part of the development cycle is also discussed. Evaluation methodologies are then considered along a continuum, ranging from studies involving a high degree of experimental control to observational approaches. A full cycle approach to evaluation of health care systems is argued for, involving deployment of new methods across the SDLC. Implications for future work exploring the integration of design and evaluation processes in health informatics are discussed.     

Leading ordinary lives: a qualitative study of younger women''s perceived functions of antidepressants

Background: While the overall consumption of psychotropic medicines such as tranquillisers and hypnotics has declined, the consumption of the newer antidepressants – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has increased drastically since their introduction. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying the use, it is important to gain insight into the users' perceptions about their medicine and use.Objective: To analyse younger women's perceived functions of SSRIs in their everyday lives. Methods: 12 in depth interviews and 6 re interviews were conducted with a community based sample of 21 to 34 year old women taking SSRIs. The women were recruited through Danish pharmacies.Results: Prior to taking SSRIs the women struggled with their emotional problems, often in great frustration and distress. While taking SSRIs the women experienced that the medicine functioned both at a psychological and a social level. They believed that the medicine gave them resources to behave actively in a way that was not previously possible. They felt that the medicine use enabled them to concentrate on daily life activities other than dealing solely with their emotional problems. The women found that the medicine gave them back a sense of 'normality'.Conclusion: The main finding in this paper is that the perceived functions of SSRIs were related to social meanings and goals in everyday life.