低剂量辐射对铀矿工健康潜在的影响

目的 探讨低剂量辐射对铀矿工人健康的损害作用。 方法 把某铀矿的工作人员按工种是否接触辐射有害因素,同时考虑年龄、性别的构成分为暴露组81人和对照组81人,对两组人员的血象学、肝肾功能、脂质学及甲状腺功能、微核检出率等指标进行检测并分析其差异。 结果 暴露组与对照组白细胞(white blood cell,WBC)、红细胞(red blood cell,RBC)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、血小板(platelet,PLT)、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、总蛋白(total protein,TP)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、胆固醇(cholesterol,CH)、甘油三脂(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)等的异常率之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBIL)(38.27% vs.22.22%)、间接胆红素(indirect bilirubin,IBIL)(38.27% vs.22.22%)差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.945,P=0.040),血清游离三碘原氨酸(serum free triiodothyronine,FT3)(51.85% vs.34.57%)差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.930,P=0.039),血清游离甲状腺素(serum free thyroxine, FT4)、血清促甲状腺激素(serum thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);暴露组微核检出率为96.29%。 结论 低剂量辐射对铀矿工可产生肝功能、甲状腺功能损害和DNA损伤。     

Nephrotoxicity of uranium in drinking water from private drilled wells

Objectives

To investigate the association between uranium in drinking water from drilled wells and aspects of kidney function measured by sensitive urine tests.

Methods

Three hundred and one of 398 eligible subjects (75.6%) aged 18-74 years with daily drinking water supplies from private drilled wells located in uranium-rich bedrock (exposed group) volunteered to participate along with 153 of 271 local controls (56.4%) who used municipal water. Participants responded to a questionnaire on their water consumption and general health, and provided a morning urine sample and drinking water for analysis.

Results

The uranium content of well water samples (n=153) varied considerably (range <0.20-470 μg/l, median 6.7 μg/l, 5% >100 μg/l), while uranium levels in all samples of municipal water (n=14) were below the limit of quantification (0.2 μg/l). Urinary levels of uranium were more than eight times higher in exposed subjects than in controls (geometric means 38 and 4.3 ng/l, respectively; p<0.001), but their mean urine lead levels were not significantly different. There was a strong curvilinear correlation between uranium in drinking water and in urine (r²=0.66). Levels of albumin, β₂-microglobulin, protein HC as well as kappa and lambda immunoglobulin chains in urine from exposed and controls were similar. The N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity was significantly lower in the exposed group vs. controls, possibly secondary to differential storage duration of samples from the two groups. Even in regression models adjusting for gender, age and smoking no association of uranium in water and the kidney function parameters was observed. Using uranium in urine in the entire study group as a marker of exposure, however, a tendency of exposure-related increases of β₂-microglobulin, protein HC and kappa chains were noted. This tendency was enhanced after exclusion of subjects with diabetes mellitus from the analysis.

Conclusions

Uranium levels in urine were strongly correlated to levels in drinking water from drilled wells. There were no clear signs of nephrotoxicity from uranium in drinking water at levels recorded in this study, but some indications of an effect were observed using uranium in urine as a measure of overall uranium exposure. The clinical relevance of these findings remains unclear.     

2008年莱芜市煤矿工人高血压患病情况及影响因素调查

[目的]了解莱芜市煤矿工人高血压患病情况及其危险因素,为制订防治规划、开展干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]2008年,在莱芜市四大煤矿抽取煤矿工人4285名进行调查。[结果]调查4285名煤矿工人,高血压患病率为20．09％。高血压患病率,18-29岁、30-39岁、40-50岁分别为16．60％、20．47％、25．98％（P〈0．01）,井下作业1～9年、10～19年、≥20年的分别为16．53％、19．41％、26．43％（P〈0．01）;口味偏咸、吸烟、饮酒、生活紧张、高脂饮食、超重者分别高于无此行为者（P〈0．01）。高血压患者高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为41．93％、30．35％、12．31％。[结论]莱芜市煤矿工人高血压患病率较高,患者的知晓率、治疗率、控制率均很低。     

TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光PCR在β地中海贫血植入前诊断中的应用研究

目的建立单细胞MGB探针荧光PCR检测β地贫的方法以及在β地贫PGD中的应用研究。方法获取β地贫基因携带者单个淋巴细胞,建立稳定的单细胞MGB探针荧光PCR检测技术,并对2例双方均为β地贫基因携带者的夫妇应用MGB探针荧光PCR进行了β地贫的PGD。结果利用单细胞MGB探针荧光PCR检测了β地贫基因携带者的200个单个淋巴细胞的基因型,平均扩增效率为94%,平均等位基因脱扣(ADO)率为2.5%。对两对夫妇进行4个周期PGD,共活检16个胚胎,获得16个卵裂球,其中15个卵裂球扩增成功,扩增效率为93.8%,ADO率为6.2%。14个胚胎经PCR分析后获得明确诊断,移植了4个胚胎,获得1例临床妊娠。孕11周时经腹吸取绒毛,证实为完全正常胚胎,最终分娩了一正常女婴。结论应用单细胞MGB探针荧光PCR技术可对β地贫以及其它单基因遗传病进行植入前遗传学诊断,达到优生目的。     

Uranium content in porcelain denture teeth and in porcelain powders for ceramic crowns

Some porcelain denture teeth and porcelain powders marketed in Sweden have been analyzed for the content of uranium. The fission track method and the delayed neutron technique were the methods used.

Compared to results published previously the content of uranium was generally found to be lower in the brands analyzed. The denture teeth contained 23–186 ppm for Anatoform. 35–137 ppm for Myerson. 15—15 ppm for Candu-lor G and 20–53 ppm for Vivopearl. The baked and fired porcelain powders showed values of about 2.8 ppm at most, those in the form of powder about 25 ppm at most.

The radiation dose to the mucosa of the upper lip was calculated and is discussed.     

饮用水水源地水中总铀浓度监测结果分析

目的 调查各种类型饮用水水源地水样中的总铀含量,分析饮用水水源地水体中总铀浓度、摄入量及其所致年待积有效剂量,为辐射环境安全监管提供科学依据。方法 通过现场采样,采用激光荧光法分析水中铀浓度,统计2010—2018年饮用水水源地水样总铀含量,计算年摄入量和年待积有效剂量。结果 监测分析结果显示,2010—2018年饮用水水源地水中总铀浓度为0.09～4.50 μg/L,所致公众总铀年摄入量儿童和成人的最大值分别为62.58 Bq、125.16 Bq,对应的年待积有效剂量分别为4.63 μSv、6.13 μSv,符合公众年待积有效剂量限值要求。结论 近岸海水的总铀浓度相对较高,湖库水和地下水的总铀含量较低且保持稳定,近海口的地表水总铀浓度有时偏高,可能是受潮汐影响。考虑公众影响,应制定铀元素的浓度限值标准。     

高血压矿工血浆醛固酮表达水平的分析

[目的]通过分析高血压矿工血浆醛固酮(ALD)表达水平,探讨ALD在矿工高血压发病中的作用。[方法]对地面与井下作业的煤矿工人进行问卷调查和血压、身高、体重的测量,用放射免疫测定法测定研究对象的血浆ALD水平。[结果]高血压组矿工血浆ALD水平显著高于非高血压组(P﹤0.01),矿工平均动脉血压与血浆ALD水平呈显著正相关(r=0.352,P﹤0.01)。在高血压矿工中,井下作业组血浆ALD水平显著高于地面作业组(P﹤0.01),且井下作业组中又以安装维修组最高(F=7.658,P﹤0.01);高盐饮食组血浆ALD水平显著高于正常饮食组(P﹤0.01),而年龄、工龄、家族史、体重指数、吸烟和酗酒等因素对高血压矿工血浆ALD水平均无显著性影响。[结论]煤矿井下作业可能是在高盐饮食协同作用下,引起高血压矿工血浆ALD水平升高,并引发矿工高血压的发病。     

淮北矿区职工神经症流行病学调查

目的：了解淮北矿区职工神经症的患病率。方法采用多级分层整群概率比例随机抽样的方法抽取淮北矿区职工2830名,应用神经症筛查表和精神状况检查表对入组被试进行神经症流行病学调查。结果本组被试神经症患病率为30．99‰,显著高于1993年中国七地区精神疾病流行病学调查神经症患病率（14．98‰）（χ2＝16．59,P＜0．01）;不同性别、年龄、工种神经症患病率比较差异均有显著或极显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论淮北矿区职工神经症患病率较高,矿区职工神经症防治工作亟待加强。     

徐州煤矿生产一线工人糖尿病流行病学调查

目的了解徐州煤矿生产一线工人糖尿病的患病情况,分析影响发病的危险因素,以探讨相应的防治对策。方法2007年10月-2008年3月对徐州煤矿1065名生产一线工人逐个测定身高、体质量、腹围、血压、空腹血糖、血脂,进行OGTT试验,根据测量结果填写统一设计的表格。结果糖尿病的患病率为4．98％,男性高于女性;〈30岁患病率0．72％,30—39岁2．09％,40～49岁患病率4．63％,≥50岁以上13．18％;在不同体质量指数的人群中,轻体质量、健康体质量、超重、肥胖者糖尿病患病率分别为0、2．50％、6．58％、9．38％。结论徐州煤矿一线工人糖尿病患病率高,尤其在男性、50岁以上、超重和肥胖者中明显高发。