产科危重患者多器官功能障碍综合征的临床分析

目的 :分析产科危重患者多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)的发病特点及诱因 ,以及与急性生理与慢性健康状况评分II(APACHEII)的关系。方法 :回顾分析 2 0 0 0年1月至 2 0 0 4年 4月转入GICU产科危重患者中发生MODS 6 6例的临床资料 ,并计算其A PACHEII评分。结果 :产科MODS患者诱因主要是产科因素 ,共 4 8例 (72 .73% ) ,死亡 7例 (14 .5 8% ) ,以重度子痫前期或子痫及产后出血为主 ;诱因 18例妊娠合并内外科疾病 ,死亡 11例 ,死亡率为 6 1.11% ,以妊娠合并心脏病和妊娠合并重症肝炎为主。产科MODS患者死亡率随着器官损害数的增多而上升 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;随着器官损害数的增多 ,APACHEII评分逐渐升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;APACHEII评分用于预测MODS死亡阳性率 ,2 ,3,4 ,5个器官受损害 ,其阳性率分别为 33.4 5 % ,5 7.12 % ,97.0 9% ,10 0 %。结论 :产科多器官功能障碍 /衰竭的产科主要诱因是重度子痫前期 /子痫 ,产后出血 ;产科MODS患者死亡率也随着器官损害数的增多而上升 ;APACHEII评分可在一定程度上作为评定产科MODS患者病情危重程度和预测预后的指标。     

Muscular activation patterns of healthy persons and low back pain patients performing a functional capacity evaluation test

The results of most reported studies show differences between the muscular activity of low back pain patients and healthy subjects, but the focus has usually been on trunk muscles only, and they have not involved work-related tests or exercises. The reintegration of chronic low back pain patients to job market is a common problem. Therefore assessment systems like the functional capacity evaluation (FCE) according to Isernhagen [S.J. Isernhagen, Work Injury: Management and Prevention, Aspen Publishers Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, 1988] are often used tools to determine the physical abilities and deficits of long-time incapacitated persons. The aim of the present study was to compare the healthy persons and chronic low back pain patients in performing a FCE-test and to analyse their muscular activation and motion patterns. The results indicate differences in the activation patterns of the groups in the test task “floor to waist lift” common in many occupations.     

Coccygectomy has a favorable effect on the intensity, manifestation, and characteristics of pain caused by coccygodynia: a retrospective evaluation of 34 patients followed for 3–18 years

Background  Coccygodynia can cause severe pain and disability in patients. There are contradictions in the literature regarding the final results of coccygectomy for coccygodynia. We evaluated the long-term effects of coccygectomy on the intensity, characteristics, and manifestation of pain caused by coccygodynia to determine the adequacy of operation among treatment modalities. Materials and methods  Thirty-four patients with coccygodynia were treated by coccygectomy. In 22 cases, trauma, and in one case childbirth was the cause. 11 cases were regarded as idiopathic. The intensity, characteristics of pain, and the most painful activities were evaluated at an average of 7.6 (3–18) years of follow-up time. Results  Before the operation, all 34 patients had pain while sitting, moreover, 26 of them had pain during standing, walking, at night or a combination of these. 21 patients had intolerable or very intensive, mainly acute, sharp or burning pain. 11 patients had dyschesia, 2 had dysuria and 6 had dyspareunia. At follow-up, 7 patients were completely free of pain, 15 others had moderate, 11 medium, and only one patient had severe, but none had intolerable pain. Only seven patients had acute, sharp or burning pain postoperatively. The decrease of average pain score from 8.0 to 3.2 was significant (P < 10⁻¹²). The number of the patients with dyschesia and dyspareunia decreased from 11 to 7 and from 6 to 3, respectively. Two patients had dysuria, but their complaints did not change after the operation. One of the two patients who needed reoperation had an excellent final result, while the other remained unchanged. 12 and 16 patients (together 82%) regarded the final result of the operation excellent and good, respectively. The condition of five others did not change, while one became worse. The patients with younger age, smaller body mass index, and less co-morbidities had better final result. There were no serious complications. Conclusion  Coccygectomy for coccygodynia is a safe method to decrease the intensity of pain and other complaints of the patients. The operation can be the choice of treatment if conservative measures fail.     

Development of the student placement evaluation form: A tool for assessing student fieldwork performance

Evaluation of students undertaking fieldwork education placements is a critical process in the health professions. As training programs and practice evolve, systems for assessing students need to be reviewed and updated constantly. In 1995, staff of the occupational therapy training program at the University of Queensland, Australia decided to develop a new tool for assessing student fieldwork performance. Using an action research methodology, a team developed the Student Placement Evaluation Form, a flexible and comprehensive criterion-referenced evaluation tool. The present paper examines action research as an appropriate methodology for considering real-life organisational problems in a systematic and participatory manner. The action research cycles undertaken, including preliminary information gathering, tool development, trial stages and current use of the tool, are detailed in the report. Current and future development of the tool is also described.     

市售三厂家18种复方氨基酸注射液的质量评价

目的对市售3厂家(A、B和E)共9批18种复方氨基酸注射液进行质量比较。方法参考国内外同类产品质量标准,从澄明度、透光率、性状、pH值、不溶性微粒、抗氧剂量、细菌内毒素和含量等方面进行比较。结果外观均为无色澄明液体,430nm波长处透光率均大于99%,pH在5.42～6.61间;A、B、E3厂不溶性微粒≥10、≥25μm的粒子数分别为1.41、0.32,0.83、0.21和1.55、0.56个/ml;抗氧剂的量分别为<33、近330和>500mg/L;细菌内毒素检查与含量测定符合中国药典及国家标准要求。结论不同厂家的产品质量确实存在一定的差异。     

Aspergillus Iris Granuloma: A Case Report with Review of Literature

We report the case of a 25-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of redness, photophobia, and decreased vision in the right eye of a week's duration. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination revealed a cream-colored, irregular elevated inferior iris mass, extending on to the anterior lens surface. Differential diagnoses of a fungal granuloma, a medulloepithelioma, and an amelanotic melanoma were considered. An excisional biopsy of the mass was performed through a superior clear corneal incision. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the aqueous humor showed a positive pan fungal genome. Histopathology of the biopsied mass showed a giant cell granuloma with surrounding numerous branching, septate hyphae. Culture growth revealed Aspergillus fumigatus We report this case because of the rarity of Aspergillus iris granuloma as a primary presentation of endogenous Aspergillosis and review the relevant literature. Absence of a significant systemic history compounded the diagnostic dilemma in our patient. Definitive differentiation of this rare entity from a foreign body, amelanotic melanoma, and other inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, may be possible only on microbiological and histo-pathological evaluation.     

绝经后骨质疏松症中药治疗研究文献的质量评价

目的 了解目前国内中药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床治疗研究的现状。方法 对检索到的50篇有关中药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床研究论文，按照牛津循证医学中心证据水平标准和临床试验的没计原则，从诊断标准、纳入和排除标准、组间基线可比性、随机、对照、双盲、统计学方法、疗效判断、疗程及药物的不良反应、随访等多个方面进行分析评价。结果 50篇相关文献中，按照牛津循证医学中心证据水平标准评价，推荐级别为B级的占44.0％，C级的占56.0％；证据水平为2b级的占40.0％，3b级的占4.0％，4级的占56.0％；随机对照试验文献占44.0％；临床对照试验文献占4.0％；采用随机双盲者占9.1％，随机单盲者占18.2％，说明组间基线可比的占31.8％，有诊断标准的占90.9％，有纳入和排除标准的占86.4％，说明统计方法的占52.4％，有客观疗效评价指标的占90.9％，说明药物不良反应的占9.1％。结论 有关中医药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的临床研究论文日益增多，但随机对照试验比例偏低，研究设计及论文撰写水平有待进一步提高。     

学生课堂教学质量评价问题浅析

综合分析河南中医学院近三年以来学生课堂教学质量评价反馈的信息，认为引发课堂教学评价偏差的人为因素有评价者的能力水平、责任心、情感倾向。其对策为：改变教师的被动地位，进一步修订评价体系，加强对组织评价者的培训，强化临床课的教学，进一步提高学生的认识，跟踪调查课堂教学质量评价。     

重视药物利用评价研究,开展药物利用评价活动

药物利用评价是当前医院合理用药的深入发展的重要体现,也是临床药学的重要工作之一。本文论述了药物利用评价的目的、意义、方法和进展,以及药物利用评价在医院药房中的应用,以期引起有关人员的重视。     

Developing ‘FOCUS’: A project to promote effective practice in child and adolescent mental health services in the UK

Summary UK health policy requires child and adolescent mental health service providers to demonstrate that their services are effective. The FOCUS project has been developed to improve the availability and accessibility of research evidence and innovation, to support purchasers in the effective commissioning of services and to help providers base service provision on evidence of effectiveness and develop methods of evaluation.