Which Parameters Affect Biofilm Removal with Acoustic Cavitation? A Review

Bacterial biofilms are a cause of contamination in a wide range of medical and biological areas. Ultrasound is a mechanical energy that can remove these biofilms using cavitation and acoustic streaming, which generate shear forces to disrupt biofilm from a surface. The aim of this narrative review is to investigate the literature on the mechanical removal of biofilm using acoustic cavitation to identify the different operating parameters affecting its removal using this method. The properties of the liquid and the properties of the ultrasound have a large impact on the type of cavitation generated. These include gas content, temperature, surface tension, frequency of ultrasound and acoustic pressure. For many of these parameters, more research is required to understand their mechanisms in the area of ultrasonic biofilm removal, and further research will help to optimise this method for effective removal of biofilms from different surfaces.     

超声监测药物流产的临床指导作用

目的为了减少不全流产的发生率，准确的评价超声在药物流产中的作用，并选择不同的治疗方案。方法对270例药物流产患者流产前后进行超声监测并对效果进行评估。结果270例中流产成功258例，流产不金22例，流产失败5例；流产失败患者根据超声所见宫内回声多少给予不同的处理。结论超声不仅能对药物流产的全过程进行监测，还可根据药物流产后出血的子宫的血流特点，为临床分析药物流产后出血时间延长的原因提供依据，并可根据子宫内超声图像指导临床治疗。     

Efficacy of bevacizumab therapy in recurrent malignant gliomas in relation to the prior recurrence pattern or tumor location

Although promising preliminary results have been widely observed with bevacizumab for recurrent malignant gliomas, many unanswered questions remain to be resolved to achieve an optimal outcome. No predictive biomarkers of a survival benefit from bevacizumab have been established, and no consensus exists about the response or survival benefit regarding the prior recurrence pattern or tumor location. Here we retrospectively analyzed the clinical benefit from bevacizumab for recurrent malignant gliomas in relation to the prior recurrence pattern or tumor location. Thirty-one consecutive patients with recurrent malignant gliomas who were treated with bevacizumab were investigated. The treatment response and survival benefit from bevacizumab were analyzed in association with age, sex, Karnofsky performance status, prior pathological diagnosis, prior recurrence pattern, primary location of tumor, recurrence status, and expression of angiogenic and hypoxic markers. The group with leptomeningeal dissemination had a significantly shorter median overall survival with bevacizumab (OS_Bev) (6.0 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–10.7) compared to those in the local/distant group (11.8 months, 95% CI 6.1–17.4). The median OS_Bev of the infratentorial tumor group and supratentorial tumor group were 9.2 months (95% CI 5.0–13.4) and 10.4 months (95% CI 6.6–14.3), respectively. With multivariate analysis, the prior recurrence pattern was the only independent prognostic factor of OS_Bev. Patients with leptomeningeal dissemination of recurrent malignant glioma experienced minimal benefit from bevacizumab. Therefore, in the context of cost effectiveness, bevacizumab is not recommended for patients with leptomeningeal dissemination.     

白内障冷超声乳化手术临床疗效评价

目的：探讨白内障冷超声乳化手术的临床疗效。方法选取本院在2011年2月-2013年2月收治的110例（128眼）白内障患者作为研究对象，所有患者均采用冷超声乳化手术进行治疗，观察本组患者的治疗效果。结果本组患者术后的视力恢复良好，术后1个月及3个月的裸眼视力、矫正视力、球镜度、散光度比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。术后有2眼（1.56%）发生囊膜破裂，但玻璃体无外溢，有2眼（1.56%）发生晶体悬韧带断离。有22眼（17.19%）出现角膜水肿。结论在白内障的临床治疗中，应用冷超声乳化手术具有显著的治疗效果，同时安全性好、损伤小、并发症少、术后恢复快，值得推广应用。     

宫颈胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1联合宫颈超声测量对预测早产的价值探讨

目的联合应用两种对于早产预测的敏感性、特异性、阳性及阴性预测值均较高的方法，进一步提高早产的预测率，提高对于早产发生时间的预测准确度，对预测阳性者及早进行有效干预，改善围产儿结局。方法符合入组条件的孕妇，取膀胱结石位，常规消毒外阴、窥器暴露宫颈后取宫颈管内分泌物，测定宫颈胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1（IGFBP-1）后再使用GE—E8型彩超经阴道测量宫颈结构，并计算出宫颈指数。结果IGFBP-1阳性对于早产预测的阳性率为65．0％；阴性预测率为89．1％。宫颈指数（〈0．5）对于早产预测的阳性率为60．0％；阴性预测率为91．7％。二者结合对于早产预测的阳性率为90．0％；阴性预测率为96．7％。结论测定宫颈IGFBP-1，并行超声测量宫颈管产度二者联合对于预测早产的发生明显优于单一方法。     

内镜下经口入路颌下腺切除术的临床分析

目的探讨内镜辅助经口入路颌下腺切除的有效性、安全性和可行性。方法经鼻插管全麻后，沿颌下腺导管开口至磨牙后区的下颌舌颌沟做弧形切口，内镜辅助下分别沿下颌下腺导管，切断与颌下腺有关的神经、血管、导管，将颌下腺切除。结果5例患者均顺利切除颌下腺，1例出现暂时性舌体麻木，2周后恢复。无面神经下颌缘支及舌下神经损伤,无其他并发症。颈部无瘢痕，美容效果好。结论内镜辅助下经口入路颌下腺切除术安全、可行，值得临床推广应用。     

儿童白瞳症的超声诊断价值

探讨不同眼内疾病所致儿童白瞳症的B型超声表现，为临床诊断及鉴别诊断提供客观依据。方法对26例（35只眼）白瞳症进行B型超声检查。结果不同的疾病所致的白瞳症患儿B型超声检查结果不同。结论 B型超声检查为儿童白瞳症的临床诊断及鉴别诊断提供客观、可靠的依据，具有极其重要的价值。