日本血吸虫p50亲免素基因的扩增及其免疫学特性

目的扩增日本血吸虫(Sj)p50亲免素(IP)基因全长cDNA和DNA序列,进行原核克隆和研究其免疫学特性。方法从Sj成虫RNA中RT-PCR扩增Sjp50亲免素基因完整的编码阅读框,从Sj成虫基因组中扩增其DNA序列,对其cDNA序列和DNA序列进行比较分析,寻找内含子。将其cDNA序列克隆入pET30a( )体中,原核表达并纯化表达产物,Western-blot比较重组蛋白与Sj体内相应天然蛋白的免疫原性和免疫反应性,间接免疫荧光法对p50亲免素进行组织定位。结果Sjp50IP基因DNA序列与cDNA相比,有6个内含子;重组p50IP与Sj体内的天然蛋白具有相同的免疫学特性,该蛋白位于Sj成虫的被膜上。结论成功扩增得到了Sjp50IP基因的全长编码区的cDNA序列和DNA序列,其DNA序列中有6个内含子;重组Sjp50IP的免疫学特性支持将该基因作为疫苗进行进一步的研究。     

抗凋亡蛋白Fortilin基因的克隆、表达与鉴定

目的在大肠杆菌中表达一种新近发现的抗凋亡蛋白Fortilin。方法用RT-PCR方法,从肺腺癌细胞中扩增出编码Fortilin蛋白的基因(GenBank中编码该蛋白的基因名为TPT1),克隆入pGEX-4T-1表达载体;重组质粒转入E.coliBL21(DE3),诱导表达Fortilin蛋白,并对表达产物进行免疫印迹鉴定。结果经双酶切及核酸序列分析鉴定,重组质粒pGEX-4T-1/TPT1成功构建,诱导后能高效表达可溶性Fortilin融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot验证该蛋白,表达的融合蛋白分子量为45000,与预期理论值相符。结论Fortilin蛋白在大肠杆菌中以融合蛋白形式进行表达,可提高其在宿主细胞中的稳定性和可溶性,且在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达,获得了充足的活性蛋白,这为进一步了解该蛋白的生物学功能,研究其抗凋亡机制奠定了基础。     

邻苯二甲酸二环己酯人工抗原的制备研究

目的合成邻苯二甲酸二环己酯半抗原衍生物和合格的人工全抗原,探讨其制备方法。方法通过保留环己基结构和在芳环上引入氨基取代基合成了一种邻苯二甲酸二环己酯半抗原衍生物4-氨基邻苯二甲酸二环己酯,产物经通过1HNMR、IR和UV确证了结构。半抗原衍生物再通过重氮化反应与BSA偶联。结果得到的半抗原衍生物4-硝基邻苯二甲酸二环己酯的2个紫外吸收峰分别为:λ1=214nm,λ2=256nm;4-氨基邻苯二甲酸二环己酯的2个紫外吸收峰分别为:λ1=226nm,λ2=288nm。人工全抗原4-氨基邻苯二甲酸二环己酯-BSA,经荧光光谱(λex=307nm,λem=468nm)、体系颜色变化和免疫实验确证偶联成功。抗原结合比为19∶1。人工全抗原通过免疫动物得到了效价高、特异性好、纯度也较高的抗体。结论通过保留环己基结构和在芳环上引入氨基的设计思路可以合成邻苯二甲酸二环己酯的人工全抗原。     

酵母SOD分离纯化及其酶学性质的研究

目的发酵培养Y12 酵母菌分离制备酵母SOD并研究其部分酶学性质。方法用已筛选出的一株Y12 酵母菌对其在优化培养条件下发酵培养得到湿菌体 ,破壁抽提得SOD粗酶液 ,采用硫铵盐析、丙酮沉淀、SephadexG 10 0凝胶过滤和QAE SephadexA 5 0离子交换柱层析 ,分离得到酵母SOD并测定其部分酶学性质。结果Y12 酵母菌SOD产量达 12 6 3u·g-1湿菌体 ,分离得到酵母SOD ,该酶属Cu、Zn SOD ,比活力为 10 73 5u·mg-1,活力回收率为 5 4 1% ,紫外吸收峰在2 5 7 2nm ,分子质量为 32 4 5 6u ,亚基分子质量为 16 2 2 7u。结论此酵母SOD与文献中报道的动物血红细胞Cu、Zn SOD基本相近。     

醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯的性能表征

 目的合成新型肠溶包衣材料醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS),并分析其结构特征和性能。方法采用红外光谱、紫外光谱、热重分析和化学分析等方法进行表征,测试HPMCAS在有机溶剂中的溶解情况、黏度、抗张强度和极限伸长率,并与日本的醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯样品AS-LG进行比较。结果HPMCAS中酸性丁二酰基、乙酰基的含量与加入酸酐的量密切相关;二氯甲烷-乙醇等混合溶剂是HPMCAS的良溶剂;HPMCAS低于200℃时对热稳定,高于此温度后快速失重。结论其物化性质与日本样品AS-LG接近。     

人组织中大肠癌负相关基因ST13的蛋白表达研究

目的原核表达大肠癌负相关基因ST13，制备ST13蛋白单克隆抗体，研究人大肠等组织中表达的ST13蛋白的生物学特性。方法将ST13 ORF克隆至GST融合蛋白表达质粒，原核表达并以Glutathione纯化GST—ST13蛋白，以凝血酶切得到ST13蛋白。以GST-ST13融合蛋白免疫小鼠，以ST13蛋白筛选杂交瘤细胞株，按杂交瘤技术制备ST13蛋白单克隆抗体，并以ST13蛋白亲和层析纯化单抗。以该单抗作Western—blot及免疫组化检测临床标本。结果蛋白表达和纯化以SDS-PAGE证实。融合蛋白表达量占大肠杆菌总蛋白20％，每升培养物回收融合蛋白2．5mg，纯度为91．3％。建立了3个ST13蛋白单抗的杂交瘤细胞株，腹水中单抗的ELISA效价达10^4-10^5，并具有对ST13蛋白的高度特异性。Western—blot证实组织细胞中天然ST13蛋白的SDS—PAGE表观分子量约50KD，比其计算分子量大约10KD，但无糖基化修饰。免疫组化表明该蛋白均匀分布于SW480细胞及大肠上皮细胞浆，计算机分析系亲水性分子。免疫组化还表明该蛋白可表达于大肠、胃及肝等多种组织上皮，但在各种正常组织和肿瘤组织之间，正常组织之间，以及肿瘤组织之间的的着色强度不一。结论原核表达了ST13蛋白，制备了相应的单抗，建立了检测组织标本中ST13蛋白的方法。研究表明人组织ST13蛋白系表观分子量50KD的细胞浆可溶性分子，可表达于大肠等多种上皮组织。ST13蛋白在大肠癌组织呈低表达，在多种正常和肿瘤组织中的表达程度不一。cDNA同源性及蛋白质特性比较表明ST13与Hip(hsp70-interacting protein)为同一蛋白质，提示ST13／Hip经Hsp70等分子伴侣途径而在大肠癌发生发展中起作用。     

New Characterization Measures of Pore Shape and Connectivity Applied to Coatings used for Controlled Drug Release

Pore geometry characterization-methods are important tools for understanding how pore structure influences properties such as transport through a porous material. Bottlenecks can have a large influence on transport and related properties. However, existing methods only catch certain types of bottleneck effects caused by variations in pore size. We here introduce a new measure, geodesic channel strength, which captures a different type of bottleneck effect caused by many paths coinciding in the same pore. We further develop new variants of pore size measures and propose a new way of visualizing 3-D characterization results using layered images. The new measures together with existing measures were used to characterize and visualize properties of 3-D FIB-SEM images of three leached ethyl-cellulose/hydroxypropyl-cellulose films. All films were shown to be anisotropic, and the strongest anisotropy was found in the film with lowest porosity. This film had very tortuous paths and strong geodesic channel-bottlenecks, while the paths through the other two films were relatively straight with well-connected pore networks. The geodesic channel strength was shown to give important new visual and quantitative insights about connectivity, and the new pore size measures provided useful information about anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the pore structures. The methods have been implemented in the freely available software MIST.     

Seafood-Associated Shellfish Allergy: A Comprehensive Review

Shellfish are diverse, serve as main constituents of seafood, and are extensively consumed globally because of their nutritional values. Consequently, increase in reports of IgE-mediated seafood allergy is particularly food associated to shellfish. Seafood-associated shellfish consists of crustaceans (decapods, stomatopods, barnacles, and euphausiids) and molluskans (gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods) and its products can start from mild local symptoms and lead to severe systemic anaphylactic reactions through ingestion, inhalation, or contact like most other food allergens. Globally, the most commonly causative shellfish are shrimps, crabs, lobsters, clams, oysters, and mussels. The prevalence of shellfish allergy is estimated to be 0.5–2.5% of the general population but higher in coastal Asian countries where shellfish constitute a large proportion of the diet. Diversity in allergens such as tropomyosin, arginine kinase, myosin light chain, and sarcoplasmic binding protein are from crustaceans whereas tropomyosin, paramyosin, troponin, actine, amylase, and hemoyanin are reported from molluskans shellfish. Tropomyosin is the major allergen and is responsible for cross-reactivity between shellfish and other invertebrates, within crustaceans, within molluskans, between crustaceans vs. molluskans as well as between shellfish and fish. Allergenicity diagnosis requires clinical history, in vivo skin prick testing, in vitro quantification of IgE, immunoCAP, and confirmation by oral challenge testing unless the reactions borne by it are life-threatening. This comprehensive review provides the update and new findings in the area of shellfish allergy including demographic, diversity of allergens, allergenicity, their cross-reactivity, and innovative molecular genetics approaches in diagnosing and managing this life-threatening as well as life-long disease.     

Global gene expression in pseudomyxoma peritonei,with parallel development of two immortalized cell lines

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare tumor of appendiceal origin. Treatment is major cytoreductive surgery but morbidity is high. PMP is considered chemo-resistant; its molecular biology is understudied; and presently, there is no platform for pre-clinical drug testing. Here, we performed exon array analysis from laser micro-dissected PMP tissue and normal colonic epithelia. The array analysis identified 27 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated genes: candidate up-regulated genes included SLC16A4, DSC3, Aldolase B, EPHX4, and ARHGAP24; candidate down-regulated genes were MS4A12, TMIGD1 and Caspase-5. We confirmed differential expression of the candidate genes and their protein products using in-situ hybridization and immuno-histochemistry. In parallel, we established two primary PMP cell lines, N14A and N15A, and immortalized with an SV40 T-antigen lentiviral vector. We cross-checked for expression of the candidate genes (from the array analyses) using qPCR in the cell lines and demonstrated that the gene profiles were distinct from those of colorectal tumor libraries and commonly used colon cell lines. N14A and N15A were responsiveness to mitomycin and oxaliplatin. This study characterizes global gene expression in PMP, and the parallel development of the first immortalized PMP cell lines; fit for pre-clinical testing and PMP oncogene discovery.     

Sedimentation and resuspendability evaluation of pharmaceutical suspensions by low-field one dimensional pulsed field gradient NMR profilometry

In order to study the sedimentation of pharmaceutical suspensions using low-field one dimensional pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (1D pfg NMR) profilometry, the accuracy of signal acquisition as well as the spatial resolution of a commercial spectrometer operating at 23.4?MHz was investigated. The use of a solid Teflon spacer revealed that the accuracy of signal acquisition was independent of spatial position (height). The standard deviation of distance determinations was less than 150 µm, whereas the accuracy of water content determination was within 2% in the central part of the detection zone and deteriorated to 4% in the outer parts. The study of aqueous paramagnetic MnCl₂ solutions indicated an exponential relationship between the relative signal intensity and the transverse relaxation decay constant. From this relationship, the relative water content of suspensions could be derived from their signal intensity relative to that of water. Using concentrated paliperidone palmitate dispersions as model suspensions, low-field 1D pfg NMR profilometry has been proven to be suitable for the evaluation of both the sedimentation and resuspendability behavior of viscous, opaque suspensions, for which visual detection of homogeneity may be difficult.