超声功能成像在脂肪性肝病研究中的应用进展

脂肪性肝病(Fatty Liver Disease)是我国目前最常见的肝脏病变,主要与过多脂肪蓄积在肝细胞内有关。患者早期常无明显临床表现,晚期有进展为肝硬化的风险。因此,应着眼于早期诊断和预后的判断。超声检查具有无创、便捷、实时、廉价及无辐射等特点,在临床工作中应用广泛。随着超声检查新技术的不断发展,以超声检查新技术为基础的功能成像在脂肪性肝病诊断方面显示出较大的优势,本文主要针对超声功能成像在脂肪性肝病中的应用予以总结分析。     

Hematopoietic reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation: Assessment with MR imaging and H-1 localized spectroscopy

Magnetic resonance (MR) studies were performed in 14 patients as early as possible (21–110 days) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). MR characteristics of lumbar vertebral bone marrow were studied with T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, water- and fatselective imaging with a frequency-selective excitation technique, and point-resolved spatially localized proton spectroscopy. Signals from water and fat protons and their T1 and T2 values were analyzed. Water proton signal intensity correlated well with cellularity within bone marrow, as determined with parallel iliac crest biopsies. The fraction of signal from water in red bone marrow of patients with allogeneic transplants from siblings (four cases) was significantly higher than in four patients with autologous transplants. The latter showed very low cellularity in the period of about 4 weeks after BMT because of the cytotoxic pretreatment of the bone marrow. The MR results in six patients with allogeneic transplants from unrelated donors ranged widely, depending on the complications after BMT. Analysis of data obtained with the different techniques showed that water- and fat-selective MR imaging and spectroscopic methods are useful for noninvasive monitoring of hematopoietic reconstitution after BMT.     

人乳头状瘤病毒86E7重组蛋白的高效表达、纯化和表征

[目的]基因工程法构建谷胱甘肤S-转移酶(GST)-人乳头状瘤病毒(Human papillomavirus)HPV86 E7融合蛋白表达质粒,高效表达、纯化、鉴定蛋白质和分析蛋白质的存在形式.[方法]GST-HPV86 E7融合蛋白基因与pGEX-6P-1载体连接成重组表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-GST-HPV86 E7,重组质粒转入BL21大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白GST-HPV86 E7,柱上切除GST标签,Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析纯化蛋白,SDS-PAGE、MALDI-TOF和色谱质谱联用系统分别用于蛋白质纯度分析、分子量测定和蛋白鉴定;非变性电泳和分子筛排阻色谱用于蛋白质四级结构的分析.[结果]HPV86 E7大肠杆菌中正确表达,基质辅助激光解析飞行时间质谱测得的HPV86 E7精确分子量为(11319.76±5.66)Da.反相高压液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱鉴定的匹配肽段有11个肽段,氨基酸的覆盖率为90%.非变性PAGE和凝胶过滤层析实验观察到了HPV86 E7的单聚体、二聚体及多聚体.[结论]重组质粒pGEX-6P-1-GST-HPV86 E7成功构建,诱导后高效表达GST-HPV86 E7融合蛋白,HPV86 E7得到纯化,质谱分析证实表达蛋白为86E7蛋白,以多聚体形式存在.     

P16蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理学特征的关系

目的：研究P16蛋白在胃癌中的表达。探讨P16基因在胃癌发展中的作用。方法：采用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白过氧化物酶连接法（SP法），检测46例胃癌组织中P16蛋白的表达。结果：P16基因在胃癌中的阳性表达率为17.4%，且为胞浆表达，P16基因表达缺失多见于伴有淋巴结转移和恶性程度高的胃癌。结论：P16基因可能在胃癌发展中起一定作用。P16基因表达可作为胃癌预后判断指标。     

甲型流感病毒H9N2亚型毒株血凝素基因特性的研究

目的　了解人甲型流感病毒H9N2亚型毒株的来源及从分子生物学角度来弄清不同宿主来源的H9N2亚型毒株间相互关系。方法　病毒在鸡胚中传代 ,从收获的尿囊液中提取病毒粒RNA ,通过逆转录合成cDNA。cDNA通过PCR进行扩增 ,接着PCR产物用纯化试剂盒进行纯化。而后 ,RNA序列测定是采用双脱氧链末端终止和克隆法。最后用MegAlign( 1.0 3版 )和Editseq( 3.69版 )软件进行种系发生学分析。结果　从中国所分离出的H9N2亚型毒株。它们的HA1与HA2间裂解部位的氨基酸序列均为R S S R ,除一株鸽病毒其HA蛋白分子上仅含 7个潜在的糖基化位点外 ,而其余的均含 8个。 6株H9N2毒株HA蛋白分子上氨基酸序列有 2 - 16个不同 ,这些不同分布在 2 4个不同的位点上。近来在中国同时流行着多种HA基因系的H9N2亚型毒株。结论　人甲型流感病毒H9N2亚型毒株可能性最大来自鸡的H9N2毒株 ,而不是来源于鸽的H9N2毒株。但 ,H9N2毒株是否具有人传人能力 ,至今仍不清楚。在中国同时流行着多种HA基因系的H9N2毒株。     

草菇木聚糖酶的纯化提取和酶学性质

草菇产胞外木聚糖酶通过各级浓缩和纯化,获得接近电泳纯蛋白.通过SDS PAGE测得相对分子质量为24500.木聚糖酶为糖基化修饰的蛋白,含有质量分数20.24%的糖.O 糖基化能增加木聚糖酶的活性,O 和N 糖基化都能提高木聚糖酶的稳定性.5min反应,草菇木聚糖酶在60℃和pH值5.65时活性最高.在此条件下,该酶的Km值为3.87mg/mL,Vmax为1250IU/mg.纯酶的稳定pH值为6.54,57℃时半衰期为1h.     

组织块法培养大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞的综合鉴定

目的 为组织块法培养的大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞(rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,RPMVECs)建立合理可靠的多指标综合鉴定方案.方法 采用外周肺组织贴块法培养RPMVECs,抽取组织块进行切片观察,以大鼠肺动脉平滑肌细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞为对照,对培养细胞进行CD34、植物凝集素BSI、Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学鉴定,通过光镜和透射电镜观察细胞形态和超微结构.结果 组织切片显示组织块源于外周肺组织,CD34免疫细胞化学染色阳性,植物凝集素BSI结合试验阳性,而Ⅷ因子相关抗原染色阴性,透射电镜未见Weibel-Palade小体.结论 Ⅷ因子相关抗原和Weibel-Palade小体并非RPMVECs鉴定的理想指标,联合应用外周肺组织切片、CD34和植物凝集素BSI三指标为组织块法培养的RPMVECs提供了一个简单易行、合理、可靠的综合鉴定方案.     

化学沉积法制备无序多壁碳纳米管

将硝酸铁溶液与正硅酸乙酯混合，用溶胶－凝胶法制备出Fe／SiＯ2粉状物作为催化剂，用化学沉积法裂解乙炔制备出无序多壁碳纳米管。扫描电子显微镜照片和透射电子显微镜照片显示碳纳米管相互缠绕，管径均匀，外径在9～13nm左右。热重分析估计粗产品中碳纳米管的含量大约为50％，用XRD分析表明用此法制备的碳纳米管的石墨化程度比较高。     

Production of influenza pseudotyped lentiviral particles and their use in influenza research and diagnosis: an update

Pseudotyped viral particles are being used as safe surrogates to mimic the structure and surface of many viruses, including highly pathogenic viruses such as avian influenza H5N1, to investigate biological functions mediated by the envelope proteins derived from these viruses. The first part of this article evaluates and discusses the differences in the production and characterization of influenza pseudoparticles. The second part focuses on the applications that such a flexible tool can provide in modern influenza research, in particular in the fields of drug discovery, molecular biology and diagnosis.     

High Prevalence of Highly Variable Atypical Porcine Pestiviruses Found in Germany

Recently, a novel atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) with significant distribution was described in the USA. Subsequent screening of the German pig sector showed a high prevalence of APPV with high variability among strains. First indication of a cell culture isolate is provided which will allow further investigations like pathogenesis studies.