Trend of non-communicable disease mortality for three common conditions in the elderly population from 2002 to 2010: A population-based study in China

ObjectiveThere is a lack of data focusing on non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality in the Chinese elderly population over the past decade.MethodsUsing mortality data from the Chinese Health Statistics, we explored the crude and age-standardized mortality trend of three major NCDs in the Chinese population ≥65 years of age from 2002 to 2010, namely, malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases. Subpopulations characterized as rural and urban residence, and by gender and age were examined separately.ResultsMortality increased with age and was higher among males than among females across the three NCDs, with the gender difference being most remarkable for malignant neoplasms and least for heart diseases mortality. Condition-specific crude mortalities increased between 2002 and 2010, overall and in all the pre-specified subpopulations. After age-standardization, rising trends were observed for people ≥65 years old, and condition-specific mortalities generally increased in rural regions and decreased in urban regions, especially for cerebrovascular diseases.ConclusionsThere were increasing trends for mortality due to malignant neoplasms, heart diseases, and cerebrovascular diseases in China between 2002 and 2010, which were largely driven by the population aging. Disparities existed by rural and urban residence, gender, and age.     

Prevalencia e incidencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en 2,5 millones de niños y adolescentes en España

Introduction and objectivesChildhood obesity trends are plateauing in Spain, but limited information is available about how they differ by region. This study assessed childhood and adolescent the prevalence and incidence of overweight and obesity from 2005 to 2017 across 8 Spanish regions.MethodsThis longitudinal study used height and weight measurements from 2.5 million children aged 2 to 17 years to calculate overweight and obesity, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Data were obtained from The Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria, and the Information System for Research in Primary Care. Prevalence and incidence rates and trends from 2005 to 2017 were calculated and stratified by age, sex, and region.ResultsThe overall obesity prevalence increased in boys and girls from age 2 (0.8%; 95%CI, 0.8-0.9 in both sexes) until peaking at age 7 in girls (17.3%; 95%CI, 17.1-17.5) and age 9 in boys (24.1%; 95%CI 23.9-24.3). The highest and lowest obesity prevalences were observed in Murcia and Navarre. Overall obesity prevalence trends decreased from 2005 to 2017 in all age-sex groups and in most regions. Highest obesity incidence rates were found in children aged 6 to 7 years, (4.5 [4.5-4.5] and 3.5 [3.5-3.5] new obesity cases per 100 person-years in boys and girls, respectively). Boys had higher prevalence and incidence rates than girls across all regions. Overweight/obesity prevalence and incidence rates and their trends were consistently higher than the obesity results, although a similar pattern was observed across sex and age.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence slightly decreased in Spain from 2005 to 2017, but regional, sex, and age differences persisted. Because incidence peaked around the age of 6 years, it may be important to begin health promotion programs at an early age.     

Trends in the surgical treatment for spinal metastasis and the in-hospital patient outcomes in the United States from 2000 to 2009

Background contextSurgical treatment for spinal metastasis is still controversial. However, with the improvements in treatment for primary tumors, the survival rate of patients with spinal metastasis is enhanced. At the same time, surgical technique for spinal metastasis has also improved.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine trends in the surgical treatment for spinal metastasis and in-hospital patient outcomes on a national level.Study design/settingThis was an epidemiologic study using national administrative data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database.Patient sampleAll discharges in the NIS with a diagnosis code of secondary malignant neoplasm of the spinal cord/brain, meninges, or bone who also underwent spinal surgery from 2000 to 2009 were included.Outcome measuresTrends in the surgical treatment for spinal metastasis, in-hospital complications and mortality, and resource use were analyzed.MethodsThe NIS was used to identify patients who underwent surgical treatment for spinal metastasis from 2000 to 2009, using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth revision, Clinical Modification codes. Trends in the surgical treatment for spinal metastasis and in-hospital patient outcomes were analyzed.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2009, there was an increasing trend in the population growth–adjusted rate of surgical treatment for spinal metastasis (1.15–1.77 per 100,000; p<.001). Average Elixhauser comorbidity score increased over time (2.6–3.8; p<.001), and the overall in-hospital complication rate increased over time (14.8%–27.7%; p<.001), whereas in-hospital mortality rate and length of hospital stay remained stable over time (5.2%–4.6%, p=.413; 10.6–10.8 days, p=.626). Inflation-adjusted mean hospital charges increased more than two-fold over time ($50,390–$110,173; p<.001).ConclusionsDuring the last decade, surgical treatment for spinal metastasis has increased in the United States. The overall in-hospital complication rate and hospital charges increased, whereas the in-hospital mortality rate and length of hospital stay remained stable.     

某市临床用血情况调研分析

目的探讨蚌埠市临床用血的变化趋势。方法对2008～2010年临床用血总量、每月、每季度用血量及各血型用血量进行统计分析。结果临床用血总量每年以10%～16%的速度递增;每年的3、4、5和10月份用血量较大,1、2和8、9月份用血量相对较少,3年中第2季度用血量比其他季度增加3%～15%;各血型用血量为O型〉A型〉B型〉AB型;凝血因子的用量逐年增加。结论分析临床用血量的变化趋势,为做好血源管理提供了依据,为缓解临床用血紧缺提出了思路。     

第二周期医院评审的特点及未来趋势

医院评审是深化医药卫生体制改革的一项重要工作。第二轮评审工作即将开展，介绍了新评审办法的重大变化及未来趋势。     

云南省2010－2013年男男性行为人群艾滋病相关危险因素变化趋势分析

目的 了解云南省MSM人群知晓率、行为等艾滋病相关危险因素的变化趋势及其安全套使用的影响因素,为干预策略制定和效果评价提供依据。方法 2010-2013年在云南省连续开展MSM哨点监测,调查该人群一般人口学特征、艾滋病相关知识、性行为及安全套使用、吸毒行为、干预措施覆盖等情况,进行趋势和影响因素分析。结果 共调查9 073人,艾滋病知识知晓率、与同性发生性行为比例及安全套使用率均呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.01),与异性发生性行为时安全套使用率明显低于同性,吸毒比例和患性病比例呈下降趋势(P<0.01).同居、低知晓率、外省/外籍、居住时间不足一年、文化程度低、未接受过干预、肛交次数多、未曾做过HIV抗体检测等因素为影响MSM坚持使用安全套的危险因素。结论 云南省近4年MSM艾滋病综合干预效果初显,但多项指标仍处于较低水平,仍需重点关注同居、文化程度低、流动性较大、肛交次数多、有异性性行为的MSM干预,扩大干预覆盖面,继续强化落实HIV动员检测、安全套推广使用等核心干预措施。     

Incidence and temporal trends of childhood type 1 diabetes between 1975 and 2012 in Navarre (Spain)

ObjectiveTo determine trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Navarre (Spain) between 1975 and 2012 by age and sex.Patients and methodsThe study population comprised residents of Navarre under 15 years of age. A Poisson regression model was fitted to analyze changes in the incidence over time, adjusted by year of diagnosis, age group and sex.ResultsA total of 494 patients were registered, representing an adjusted incidence rate of 13.2/100,000 person-years. The annual relative increase in the incidence rate was 3.7%. The highest incidence was found in the group aged 10–14 years. The incidence among boys aged 10–14 tended to be higher than that in girls of the same age.ConclusionsSince the year 2000, the incidence of type 1 diabetes among persons younger than 15 years in Navarre has been very high and has quadrupled over the last four decades.     

Artificial intelligence-assisted endoscopic detection of esophageal neoplasia in early stage: The next step?

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract and originates from the epithelium of the esophageal mucosa. It has been confirmed that early EC lesions can be cured by endoscopic therapy, and the curative effect is equivalent to that of surgical operation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is still the gold standard for EC diagnosis. The accuracy of endoscopic examination results largely depends on the professional level of the examiner. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in the screening of early EC and has shown advantages; notably, it is more accurate than less-experienced endoscopists. This paper reviews the application of AI in the field of endoscopic detection of early EC, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, and describes the relevant progress. Although up to now most of the studies evaluating the clinical application of AI in early EC endoscopic detection are focused on still images, AI-assisted real-time detection based on live-stream video may be the next step.     

Trends in the Leading Causes of Death in Korea, 1983-2012

This study aimed to analyze trends in the 10 leading causes of death in Korea from 1983 to 2012. Death rates were derived from the Korean Statistics Information Service database and age-adjusted to the 2010 population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify the points when statistically significant changes occurred in the trends. Between 1983 and 2012, the age-standardized death rate (ASR) from all causes decreased by 61.6% for men and 51.2% for women. ASRs from malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, and transport accidents increased initially before decreasing. ASRs from hypertensive diseases, heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases and diseases of the liver showed favorable trends (ASR % change: -94.4%, -53.8%, -76.0%, and -78.9% for men, and -77.1%, -36.5%, -67.8%, and -79.9% for women, respectively). ASRs from pneumonia decreased until the mid-1990s and thereafter increased. ASRs from intentional self-harm increased persistently since around 1990 (ASR % change: 122.0% for men and 217.4% for women). In conclusion, death rates from all causes in Korea decreased significantly in the last three decades except in the late 1990s. Despite the great strides made in the overall mortality, temporal trends varied widely by cause. Mortality trends for malignant neoplasms, diabetes mellitus, pneumonia and intentional self-harm were unfavorable.

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