颈椎病患者经颅多普勒检查与头颅CT和脑电图的关系

应用多普勒技术对50例确诊为椎动脉型颈椎病的患者进行了检查,结果30例异常。其中25例主要表现为不同程度的双侧颈动脉血流量对称性偏低,管径及头颅CT无异常,脑电图部分改变,主要表现为低幅慢波,经治疗后症状改善,多普勒复查正常,说明CT正常不能否定脑缺性血管病的存在,CT不能代替多普勒检查,另5例主要表现为双侧颈动脉血流量不对称,其中3例为双侧血管经狭窄,CT提示全脑萎缩,脑电图呈低幅慢波;另2例CT提示左颞后顶区,右枕外侧区梗塞,脑电图及脑电地形图表现相应部位慢波灶达6～7级。CT异常者,临床治疗效果欠佳,多普勒检查和脑电图及临床症状变化不大,故多普勒检查对监测脑动力循环有一定意义。     

Ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility loci defined by genome-search meta-analysis

In genome scans of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with the exception of the HLA loci, linkage has not been easy to replicate across studies. We applied the genome-search meta-analysis (GSMA) method to genome scans of AS and spondyloarthropathy (SpA) to assess evidence for linkage across studies. Three AS genome scans and one SpA scan including 430 families with 1,048 affected individuals were used. All four original genome scans mainly analyzed Caucasian families. Seven bins had both Psumrnk and Pord<0.05, suggesting these bins most likely contain AS-linked loci; bin 6.2, 6.1, 6.3, 16.3, 19.2, 17.1, and 16.4. The GSMA produced significant genome-wide evidence for linkage on chromosome 6p22.3–6p21.1 (Psumrnk=0.000003), including the HLA locus. In addition to the HLA-B27 locus, strong linkage evidence was found on chromosome 6p25.3–6p22.3 (Psumrnk=0.0013) and 6p21.1–6p15 (Psumrnk=0.043). In the GSMA of four genome scans including one SpA study, the bin 9.4 (9q21.32–9q33.1) was newly found for linkage (Psumrnk=0.043, Pord=0.013). This GSMA added the evidence of the HLA loci as the greatest susceptibility factor to AS and showed evidences of chromosome 6, 16q, 19, 17p, and 9q as non-HLA susceptibility loci.     

Post-traumatic epidural hematoma in two patients with long-standing “arrested” hydrocephalus

The occurrence of a post-traumatic epidural hematoma in two patients with long-standing arrested hydrocephalus is reported. There was a relatively long interval between the head injury and the onset of symptoms. The large hematoma was accommodated by the decrease in size of the markedly dilated ventricles. This report stresses the possibility of the presence of an epidural hematoma in the management of head injury in patients with long-standing arrested hydrocephalus.     

Treatment of supratentorial primary arachnoid cysts

Summary Twenty-four cases of supratentorial primary arachnoid cysts operated with different techniques are reviewed: both cyst shunting or extirpation may lead to a good early clinical result, but the former is less dangerous and more indicated in a particular group of patients; late results are better in the shunted patients. CT scan is almost always diagnostic and is mandatory postoperatively to assess the late results.     

Bone scan in the patellofemoral pain syndrome

Summary Eighty patients who complained of retropatellar pain underwent evaluation by bone scintigraphy, intraosseous pressure determination, radiography, arthroscopy and physical diagnostic tests. The bone scans showed that 48% of the painful knees had an increased uptake compared with 9% for the normal joints. A highly significant correlation was evident between an increased uptake and established chondromalacia. For the diagnosis of a high pressure patella, radiography was only 7% sensitive (6/88), compared with 44% (39/88) for bone scintigraphy and 78% for the clinical sustained flexion test. The positive predictive value of a bone scan for detecting a high pressure patella was 0.72 (39/54). The best predictor was a positive sustained flexion test with a predictive value of 0.85 (69/81).

---

Résumé Dix-huit malades se plaignant de douleurs rétro-patellaires ont été examinés par scintigraphie, mesure de la pression intra-osseuse, radiographie, arthroscopie et tests cliniques. La scintigraphie a montré que 48% des genoux douloureux présentaient une hyperfixation contre 9% des articulations normales. Il existait une corrélation évidente, hautement significative, entre l'hyperfixation et la chondropathie rotulienne. Pour le diagnostic d'hyperpression intrapatellaire, la radiographie n'était démonstrative que dans 7% des cas (6/88) alors que la scintigraphie l'était dans 44% (30/88) et le test clinique de «flexion prolongée» dans 78%. La valeur d'une scintigraphie positive en faveur du diagnostic d'hyperpression intra-patellaire est de 0.72 (39/54). L'élément le plus fiable est la positivité du test de flexion prolongée qui a une valeur prédictive de 0.85 (69/81).

     

Identification of geographic clusters for temporal heterogeneity with application to dengue surveillance

Identifying transmission of hot spots with temporal trends is important for reducing infectious disease propagation. Cluster analysis is a particularly useful tool to explore underlying stochastic processes between observations by grouping items into categories by their similarity. In a study of epidemic propagation, clustering geographic regions that have similar time series could help researchers track diffusion routes from a common source of an infectious disease. In this article, we propose a two-stage scan statistic to classify regions into various geographic clusters by their temporal heterogeneity. The proposed scan statistic is more flexible than traditional methods in that contiguous and nonproximate regions with similar temporal patterns can be identified simultaneously. A simulation study and data analysis for a dengue fever infection are also presented for illustration.     

周围型肺癌的螺旋CT增强扫描

目的 :评价螺旋CT增强薄层扫描对周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法 :2 7例周围型肺癌 ,对结节进行薄层扫描 ,然后以 3 5ml/s肘静脉注射碘对比剂 10 0ml后 40s、2min、5min、8min于相同几个中心层面进行增强扫描。分析结节的强化类型 ,描绘结节的时间 -密度曲线 ,计算结节的最大增强CT值。结果 :根据病灶的强化特点 ,我们将周围型肺癌强化类型分为二型 ,即均匀强化型和不均匀强化型。本组 2 7例肺癌 ,其中 17例 (6 3 % )在注射对比剂后 2min达到高峰 ,另外 10例 (37% )在注射对比剂后 5min达到峰值。本组病例中肺癌最大强化CT值 2 2～ 5 5HU(2 5 / 2 7) ,平均为 (4 1 8± 14 5 )HU。结论 :螺旋CT增强薄层扫描能准确判断病灶增强程度及方式 ,对提高周围型肺癌的诊断准确率有较大帮助。     

原发性巨块型肝癌螺旋CT多期增强扫描的临床价值

目的：分析巨块型肝癌螺旋CT多期增强扫描的表现,评价其诊断价值。方法：应用螺旋CT对48例经临床手术或病理结果证实的巨块型肝细胞癌病人分别行肝区平扫、增强后全肝双期或三期螺旋扫描,观察和分析瘤灶及肝内转移性子灶的多期动态增强扫描的CT征象。结果：（1）肝动脉期肿瘤实质出现密度高于肝实质的肿瘤血管和瘤区强化,门静脉期其密度迅速降低,至平衡期为低密度。（2）肿瘤边缘于肝动脉期和门静脉期均可见环行强化。（3）转移性子灶仅在肝动脉期明显强化,门脉期全瘤密度迅速降至等密度;（4）门静脉受累表现为肝内分支的边缘侵蚀、破坏、中断,或为不规则的充盈缺损。结论：多期螺旋CT增强扫描能显示肝癌“快进快出”的增强特点,明确肿瘤的供血特征和门脉受累情况,检出伴发的肝内转移性子灶,为明确诊断和指导治疗提供了可靠的影像依据。     

螺旋CT定位在微电极引导脑立体定向手术中的临床应用

目的 :探讨螺旋CT辅以LeksellG定向仪在微电极引导脑立体定向术中的应用。方法 :对治疗组和对照组帕金森病病人进行CT定位和手术靶点定位 ,比较AC PC层面与体表标志间的关系以及进行定位结果分析。结果 :对照组和治疗组AC PC层面与外耳孔上缘之间的距离无显著差异 ,距离为 ( 4 7.75± 0 .6 2 )mm ;AC PC层面与GI线之间没有确定的关系 ,与听眶线的夹角为 ( 1.0± 1.5 )° ;与外耳孔上方中点联线的夹角为 ( 0 .5± 1.0 )°。结论 :螺旋CT辅以LeksellG定向仪可以较好地满足临床定位要求 ,以听眶线为扫描基线更易掌握     

Methods to address metal artifacts in post-processed CT images – A do-it-yourself guide for orthopedic surgeons

Computed tomography (CT) scans are often used for postoperative imaging in orthopedics. In the presence of metallic hardware, artifacts are generated, which can hamper visualization of the CT images, and also render the study ineffective for 3-D printing. Various solutions are available to minimize metal artifacts, and radiologists can employ these before or after processing the CT study. However, the orthopedic surgeon may be faced with situations where the metal artifacts were not addressed. To counter such problems, we present three do-it-yourself (DIY) techniques that can be used to manage metal artifacts.