住院病人检查检验报告单归档的管理

目的提高病案质量，防范医疗纠纷。方法从2005年1月～2007年12月30，357份住院病案中随机抽取1500份病案进行调研。结果有40份病案检查检验报告单缺失，主要有病人原因、医生原因及辅助科医生原因，分别各占43．8％、37．5％、18．7％。采取相应对策，保证住院病案的完整性，使得检查检验报告单能够及时归档，提高医院甲级病案率。结论病案质量问题应该引起医院管理者、病案管理人员、医护人员的重视。     

加强临床检验质量控制的思考

临床检验是疾病诊断和治疗的重要参考。提高临床检验质量一直都是临床检验人员、医疗机构和卫生行政部门关注的重要问题。临床检验水平的高低,不仅体现在检验设备、人员素质上,也同样体现在临床检验政策法规和操作规范、医疗机构临床检验操作管理上。但我国的临床检验质量控制尚不完善,临床检验质量不高。本文从卫生行政部门、医疗机构以及临床检验人员的角度提出加强临床检验质量控制,提高临床检验质量的建议和措施。     

原料药USP认证与FDA认证区别探讨

国内药企希望通过国际GMP认证以便将产品更快地推向国际市场，及时了解国际认证的最新动态非常必要。就新推出的USP药用成分认证和FDA认证的主要区别点作一探讨。     

舌诊的图像信息采集方法研究进展

对舌诊图像信息采集的三个关键环节——光源、CCD设备和色彩校正方法进行综述,并分析存在的问题与不足。     

Disease susceptibility genes for autism

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction accompanied by a delay or lack of language, restricted interests, stereotyped behavior, and repetitive movement. Genetic predisposition to autism is evident from family and twin studies, and heritability in idiopathic autism is estimated at over 90%. Frequency of the disorder is approximately 1:2000 with a male to female ratio of 4:1. Affected individuals look normal at birth, and the symptoms manifest at the first 2-3 years of life. The spectrum of clinical symptoms and the severity of the disorder are variable even among siblings. Family studies and several genome-wide linkage analyses support the hypothesis of complex inheritance with involvement of as many as 10-100 genes of moderate effect. Identification of genes responsible for the phenotype would help to understand the molecular mechanisms of the disorder. Several genes have been proposed to play a role in susceptibility to autism, and this paper will overview those genes and their potential role in the disorder.     

Schistosomiasis research in Africa: how the CONTRAST alliance made it happen

In May 2012, the World Health Assembly passed resolution WHA 65.21, calling upon member states to intensify schistosomiasis control and, wherever possible, to attempt transmission interruption and initiate interventions towards local elimination. It is now clear that CONTRAST – a multidisciplinary alliance to optimize schistosomiasis control and transmission surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa – was ahead of the game. Indeed, launched in October 2006, this 4-year project funded by the European Commission made important contributions for sustainable schistosomiasis control in the selected African countries through innovation, validation and application of new tools and locally adapted intervention strategies complementary to preventive chemotherapy. Moreover, CONTRAST articulated a research agenda for schistosomiasis elimination, framed by 10 key questions. Here, we provide a rationale for CONTRAST and discuss its overarching goal, the interrelated objectives, establishment and running of a research node network across Africa, partnership configuration and modus operandi of the project. A collection of 25 articles is presented that are grouped into five main themes: molecular, biological, spatial, social and cross-cutting issues pertaining to the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis. We summarize key achievements made by CONTRAST, many of which are featured in this special issue of Acta Tropica. Together with an independent view put forth by an eminent schistosomiasis researcher, the current piece provides an umbrella for the 25-article collection, including current gaps and remaining research needs. Finally, post-CONTRAST initiatives are discussed and a speculative viewpoint is given on how schistosomiasis control/elimination will have evolved over the next several years.     

修正SEIR传染病动力学模型应用于湖北省2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情预测和评估

目的: 建立可用于2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情评估的SEIR传染病动力学模型,并对湖北省COVID-19疫情进行预测和评估。方法: 考虑COVID-19潜伏期患者不易被有效隔离,且具有较强的传染能力,建立了联合考虑潜伏期传播能力和追踪隔离干预措施的COVID-19 SEIR传染病动力学模型。以2020年1月23日至2月24日的湖北省疫情数据为依据,拟合得到了新建立的修正SEIR模型的动力学参数。通过欧拉数值方法实现修正SEIR传染病动力学模型的求解,对湖北省疫情进行分析,评估防控隔离和集中收治等措施对疫情发展的影响。结果: 修正的SEIR传染病动力学模型对疫情的理论估计与湖北省疫情的实际情况较为符合。模型理论分析表明,防控隔离和医学追踪隔离等措施对疫情大面积传播有重要抑制作用;集中接收、分层治疗等重要措施对感染人数峰值的迅速回落起到了关键作用;此外,个人提高防范意识,采取严格自我防护措施,遏制了感染人数的新增。结论: 修正的SEIR传染病动力学模型可用于COVID-19传播态势分析,以便为制订未来的疫情干预决策提供一定的理论支持。     

肝移植术后淋巴组织增生性疾病的诊断和治疗(附1例报告及文献复习)

探讨肝移植术后淋巴组织增生性疾病(posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease,PTLD)的诊断和治疗.方法 回顾性分析1例肝移植后PTLD的临床表现、诊断和治疗过程,并复习相关文献.结果 2003年10月至2011年12月在中山大学附属第三医院肝移植中心随访的336例肝移植术后患者中有1例发生PTLD,发生率为0.3%.该例患者的临床表现不典型,主要表现为反复发热、腹部不适、多处淋巴结肿大和肝脏占位病变等,淋巴结活组织检查提示B细胞源性非霍奇金淋巴瘤淋巴瘤,确诊为PTLD.经减少免疫抑制剂用量、抗炎,对症支持治疗无效后死亡.结论 肝移植术后PTLD的临床表现不典型,易被误诊或延误诊断,预后甚差.治疗以减少免疫抑制剂用量、抑制淋巴细胞增殖、对症支持治疗为主.     

血清胱抑素C检测对急性脑卒中诊断的临床意义

目的:探讨急性脑卒中患者血清胱抑素C的检测意义.方法:选取我院2010年6月～2012年9月收治的108例急性脑卒中患者为观察组,同期85例正常体检者为对照组,测定并比较两组胱抑素C水平.结果:急性脑卒中组患者发病第3天进行血清中胱抑素C水平检测,结果为(1.34±0.46)mg/l,发病第5天结果为(1.51±0.48)mg/l,对照组中血清胱抑素C水平发病第3天为(0.78±0.23)mg/l,发病第5天为(0.79±0.21)mg/l,两组胱抑素C水平比较,急性脑卒中组发病同一时间段内明显高于正常体检组(P＜0.05),急性梗死组随发病时间延长血清胱抑素C水平增加,但两时间比较无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:急性脑卒中患者血清胱抑素C显著增高,血清胱抑素C可作为一个特异性检测指标,为急性脑卒中患者诊断和治疗提供一定的临床意义.     

亲属活体肾移植的伦理学审查:单中心经验总结

目的总结单中心亲属活体肾移植的伦理学审查经验。方法成立北京大学第三医院人体器官移植临床应用与管理伦理委员会(伦理委员会),对130例次在该院拟行亲属活体肾移植的供、受者进行伦理学审查。以国务院《人体器官移植条例》为依据,先对供、受者进行科内初审,然后召开伦理委员会会议进行审查,内容包括移植供、者双方关系是否为亲属,双方术前检查结果是否符合移植要求,供者是否具有完全民事能力,双方是否了解手术风险,供者是否完全自愿捐献,其亲属是否同意,双方是否签署书面知情同意书等。根据审查结果确定能否进行手术。结果 120例次得到批准并顺利完成了肾移植手术,供受双方恢复满意,无发生纠纷。10例次被否决,其中不能确定亲属关系5例次,双方术前检查结果不符合移植要求2例次,供者无完全民事能力1例次,供者配偶不同意移植1例次,非本人真实意愿捐肾1例次。结论成立伦理委员会,严格按照《人体器官移植条例》的要求对拟行亲属活体肾移植的供、受者双方进行伦理学审查可保证器官移植的规范性和医疗安全性。