启东肝癌与微量元素初步研究

启东是肝癌高发区,其水、土中铜、锌、锰、镍、钴、钼等微量元素富集。粮中铜、锌含量偏高,而硒、钼含量显著降低,与肝癌发病率呈负相关。肝癌高发区居民血液中铜、锌、锰、钴、铅等水平高于低发区,但血硒、钼水平却相反,显著低于低发区。肝癌高发区居民头发中铜、锌、锰均高于低发区,但钼却相反,低于低发区。肝癌惠者头发中铜比自然人群显著增加,但锰却相反。值得注意的是肝癌组织中缺钼或少钼。以上结果表明,肝癌与硒、钼密切相关,而与锰、镍等微量元素的关系有待深入探索。     

中国健康老年人全血比粘度参考值与地理因素的一元回归分析

为对中国健康老年人全血比粘度参考值的统一标准的制定提供科学依据，笔者收集了中国各地用毛细管法测定的健康老年人全血比粘度参考值，并对其与地理因素的关系进行了研究，发现海拔高度是影响健康老年人全血比粘度参考值最主要的因素，随着海拔高度的逐渐增大，健康老年人全血比粘度参考值也在逐渐增大，相关性很显著．用一元回归分析的方法推导出了10个回归方程．如果知道了中国某地的地理因素，就可以用回归方程估算这个地区的健康老年人全血比粘度参考值．     

Effects of carbohydrate loading and underwater exercise on circulating cortisol,insulin and urinary losses of chromium and zinc

Summary The effects of carbohydrate loading on relative stress responses of eight male subjects performing intermittent leg exercise at 80% maximum oxygen consumption during headout immersion in 25°C water were tested. Carbohydrate loading increased the number of work cycles completed, with less physical stress compared with that completed following the control diet period. Pre-exercise serum cortisol values were similar on both diets prior to exercise but following exercise control values were greater (1152, 94 vs 858, 77 nmol l^–1; mean, SEM). Chromium losses, which have been shown to correlate with stress, were lower during the carbohydrate loading period, 8.6, 1.3 vs 12.4, 2.0 ng h^–1, and were correlated with post-exercise serum cortisol. Urinary zinc losses were also lower during carbohydrate loading, while urinary losses of potassium, magnesium and calcium remained constant. Insulin values decreased similarly following exercise in both groups and were not altered by carbohydrate loading. These data demonstrate that carbohydrate loading increases immersion exercise output with less stress as determined by serum cortisol and urinary chromium losses.     

肾癌组织和血清中微量元素测定的意义

应用原子吸收分光光度法测定２０例肾癌组织及周围非癌肾组织中镉、铜、锌、铁及铜／锌比值，同时测定肾癌患者血清中上述元素。结果表明，正常肾组织中含量较高的镉在癌组织中未测到，癌组织中锌显著降低，铜稍高，铁和铜／锌比值明显升高。肾癌患者血清铜和铜／锌比值升高，血清铁和锌降低，血清镉无显著变化。结合文献讨论微量元素与肾癌的关系及意义。     

Heavy metal concentrations in blood cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Manganese (Mn) and selenium (Se) concentrations in blood cells were measured by neutron activation analysis. Blood was obtained from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), patients with other neurological diseases and control subjects. Dried blood cells were activated by neutron irradiation. Mn was determined after chemical separation and Se was determined nondestructively. Mn concentrations in blood cells from ALS patients were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than those from the other groups. The Mn concentrations were also significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in late than in earlier stages of ALS. Se concentrations in blood cells from ALS patients were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those from the other two groups. A generalized abnormal distribution of these metals may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Bromine, zinc, rubidium, and iron concentrations of erythrocytes were the same in all groups.     

Hospital Experience of Total Parenteral Nutrition with 3-litre Containers (Big Bags)

A system for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a 3-litre container (big bag) has been developed. The bag is filled by a pharmacist in the hospital pharmacy. One of four standard nutritional regimes can be chosen depending on the patients weight and estimated metabolic condition. The bags contain aminoacids, electrolytes, trace elements and energy in the form of glucose. Lipids with vitamins are given separately via a side port and not mixed into the bags.
During one year 61 patients have been given a total of 846 bags. All patients, except for two, maintained or increased their body weight during TPN with the big bag system. However, almost all patients lost weight when TPN was exchanged for enteral or oral feeding. S-phosphate was initially low but normalized within one week in all patients. S-magnesium was low in 1/3 of the patients and remained low in 50% of those for the entire treatment period. S-calcium increased beyond the normal upper limit in 25% of the cases. S-albumin increased in all patients, except for those with metastasizing cancers. Fifteen positive cultures were obtained from big bags. Only in one patient, however, the same bacteria could be cultured from both the patient and the big bag. Some increase in infections related to central venous catheters was noticed. Better utilization due to increased amount of potassium, magnesium, phosphate and zinc compared to routine may be beneficial.     

Hair trace elements in cerebellar degeneration: low copper levels in late cortical cerebellar atrophy

Summary The levels of ten elements in the hair of 7 patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA), 10 patients with late cortical cerebellar atrophy (LCCA) and 1489 healthy persons were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The phosphorus, zinc, selenium, calcium, magnesium, iron, managanese, aluminium and mercury concentrations did not show any statistically significant difference among the three groups. The copper concentration was significantly lower in the patients with LCCA than in the patients with OPCA, and in the healthy controls. The possibility that LCCA is associated with a mild degree of copper deficiency is considered.     

吉林人参各部位中微量元素的测定

本文报道用原子吸收光谱、极谱和荧光法测定了吉林人参各部位中14种微量元素。结果表明,它们的含量各异,且因人参部位、种植地点不同而异;地上部分加和量均值接近地下部分,其中铁、铜、锌、锰、钴、钼、镍7种人体必需微量元素加和量均值,地上部分反高于地下部分;果肉和叶是人参值株中微量元素富集的敏感部位。     

Effect of essential trace metal on bone metabolism in the femoral-metaphyseal tissues of rats with skeletal unloading: Comparison with zinc-chelating dipeptide

The effect of essential trace metals on bone metabolism was investigated in the femoral-metaphyseal tissues obtained from skeletal-unloaded rats. Skeletal unloading was designed by using the model of hindlimb suspension in rats; the animals were fed for 4 days with the unloading. Femoral-metaphyseal tissues were cultured for 24 hours in a medium containing either vehicle (control), nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, or zinc-chelating dipeptide (ß-alanyl-L-histidinato zinc; AHZ) in the concentration range of 10^-6 to 1(T^-4 M. Bone biochemical components (alkaline phosphatase activity, glucose consumption, and DNA content) were significantly decreased by skeletal unloading. The presence of zinc sulfate or AHZ (10~5 and 10^-4 M) caused a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity in the bone tissues from unloaded rats. This effect was not seen by nickel, manganese, cobalt and copper (10^-6 to 10⁴ M). The culture medium glucose was clearly consumed by the bone tissues. This consumption was inhibited by nickel, manganese, or copper (10^-5 and 10^-4 M), while cobalt, zinc, and AHZ had no effect. DNA content in the bone tissues from unloaded rats was significantly increased by all metal compounds (10^-5 M). The effect of AHZ on bone components was greater than zinc sulfate. The AHZ (10^-5 M)-increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the bone tissues from unloaded rats was clearly blocked by the presence of cycloheximide (10^-6 M), staurosporine (10^-T7 M), dibucaine (10^-4 M), or okadaic acid (10⁷ M). The present study demonstrates that, of various essential trace metals, zinc compounds have an unique anabolic effect on bone metabolism in the femoral-metaphyseal tissues of rats with skeletal unloading. Zinc-chelating dipeptide may stimulate bone protein synthesis through the mechanism that is involved in protein kinases.