Noxious family environments in relation to adult and childhood caries

BackgroundThe authors tested hypotheses that more noxious family environments are associated with poorer adult and child oral health.MethodsA community sample of married or cohabiting couples (N = 135) and their elementary school–aged children participated. Dental hygienists determined the number of decayed, missing and filled surfaces via oral examination. Subjective oral health impacts were measured by means of questionnaires completed by the parents and children. The parents completed questionnaires about interparental and parent-to-child physical aggression (for example, pushing) and emotional aggression (for example, derision), as well as harsh discipline. Observers rated the couples’ hostile behavior in laboratory interactions.ResultsThe extent of women's and men's caries experience was associated positively with their partners’ levels of overall noxious behavior toward them. The extent of children's caries experience was associated positively with the level of their mothers’ emotional aggression toward their partners.ConclusionsNoxious family environments may be implicated in compromised oral health. Future research that replicates and extends these findings can provide the foundation to translate them into preventive interventions.Practical ImplicationsNoxious family environments may help explain the limitations of routine oral health preventive strategies. Interprofessional strategies that also address the family environment ultimately may prove to be more effective than are single modality approaches.     

Total Alloplastic Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction for Management of TMJ Ankylosis

Introduction

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis involves the fusion of the mandibular condyle to the glenoid fossa, the skull base. The dilemma with regards to treatment planning whether distraction is done before gap arthroplasty or as a simultaneous procedure or after gap arthroplasty is still a controversy. In an attempt to carry out both the procedures simultaneously there is loss of vector control of the distal segment and the risk of pseudoarthrosis at the osteotomy site. This combined problem could be overcome by the use of total alloplastic joint prosthesis which offers a firm posterior stop for the proximal segment and negates aggressive physiotherapy.

Material and methods

The reference literatures were retrieved from Pub Med and Science Direct database. Three case reports of bilateral recurrent TMJ ankylosis successfully treated with custom made total TMJ by the authors are illustrated.

Conclusion

The purpose of this article is to review the world literature on various alloplastic joints available for TMJ reconstruction and to introduce our indigenous total joint prosthesis in the management of recurrent ankylosis.     

质量环在根管充填质量控制中的应用

目的探讨质量环管理模式在降低根管充填缺陷率中的应用效果。方法应用质量环管理模式控制根管充填质量,对比实施质量环前后的根管充填缺陷率。结果根管充填缺陷率（不含再治疗病例）由实施前的7．28％降低到实施后的1．83％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论质量环管理模式规范了根管治疗的各个环节,在根管充填质量控制中发挥了积极的作用。     

Effect of candesartan on the expression of sclera-choroidal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in hypercholesterolemic models

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the effect of blocking the angiotensin II AT-1 receptor by the systemic administration of candesartan on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

METHODS:

New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups, as follows: GI, which was fed a rabbit standard diet; GII, which was fed a hypercholesterolemic diet; and GIII, which received hypercholesterolemic diet plus candesartan. Samples of the rabbits'' sclera and choroid were then studied by hematoxylin-eosin staining and histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression.

RESULTS:

Histological analysis of hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sclera and choroid revealed that macrophages were rarely present in GI, and GII had significantly increased macrophage numbers compared to GIII. Moreover, in GII, the sclera and choroid morphometry showed a significant increase in thickness in comparison to GI and GIII. GIII presented a significant increase in thickness in relation to GI. Sclera and choroid immunohistochemical analysis for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression revealed a significant increase in immunoreactivity in GII in relation to GI and GIII. GIII showed a significant increase in immunoreactivity in relation to GI.

CONCLUSION:

Candesartan reduced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and consequently macrophage accumulation in the sclera and choroid of hypercholesterolemic rabbits.     

Follicular lesion of undetermined significance in thyroid FNA revisited

Controversy exists regarding the validity of follicular lesion of undetermined significance (FLUS), an indeterminate diagnostic category of The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC). According to BSRTC, FLUS carries a 5–15% risk of cancer. This study was designed to determine if cytomorphology could stratify FLUS into subgroups with different risks of malignancy. Reports of 127 consecutive FNAs reported as FLUS with subsequent tissue diagnoses were evaluated for the presence of various cytologic features and the results were correlated with histological diagnoses. FLUS cases with focal nuclear atypia (nuclear overlap/crowding, nuclear grooves/membrane irregularities, nuclear enlargement, and/or nuclear pseudoinclusions) were more frequently malignant on excision whereas those with architectural atypia (microfollicles) were more often benign on excision (P < 0.05). The presence of any one or more of these nuclear features increased the risk of carcinoma in subsequent thyroid resection. Papillary carcinomas predominated in excised FLUS cases with focal nuclear atypia whereas most FLUS with architectural atypia were adenomas or hyperplastic nodules on histological evaluation. BSRTC recommends that thyroid aspirates containing follicular cell nuclear and/or architectural atypia insufficient for a diagnosis of suspicious for follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy or malignant be classified as FLUS. Our findings indicate that FLUS cases with focal nuclear atypia carry a risk for malignancy that is substantially higher than that assigned to FLUS and are best classified as suspicious. FLUS cases lacking these atypical nuclear features have a risk for malignancy that approximates the risk BSRTC has assigned to FLUS. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:18–22. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Total nucleated cell counts are driving clinician's choice rather than cryopreservation period: Lesson for cord blood banks

According to the increase in both the number of cryopreserved cord blood (CB) units and the cryopreservation period for each CB unit in the largest public CB bank in Korea, we are pursuing greater efficiency in CB bank management. Thus, we analyzed whether the cryopreservation period has a negative impact on the selection of CB units for CB transplantation (CBT). Until December 2019, 468 CB units were used for transplantation. The cryopreservation period, total nucleated cell (TNC), and CD34+ cell counts were analyzed among the CB units according to the CBT-year and the donation year. The results showed that the cryopreservation period was increased in recent CBT-year groups. The transplanted CB units showed similar TNC counts irrespective of the donation year, and the mean TNC count was 13.9 × 10⁸/unit. CB units cryopreserved for a relatively long period were transplanted consistently. The mean TNC count of CB units cryopreserved for over 10 years was 16.4 × 10⁸/unit. The mean CD34+ cell counts were not significantly different among the CB units transplanted after CBT-2013 and among the CB units donated after CBT-2011. Through an analysis of the CB units selected by clinicians for CBT, this study revealed that clinicians placed more weight on the TNC counts than on the cryopreservation period of cryopreserved CB units. Therefore, the minimum TNC count of CB units suitable for cryopreservation should be increased up to 13.0 × 10⁸/unit to balance the satisfaction of clinicians’ needs with the efficiency of the CB bank.     

组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗在全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折中的应用效果分析

目的 回顾性分析组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗在全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折中的应用效果。方法 回顾性选取2018年4月至2019年4月上海市第八人民医院收治的股骨假体周围骨折患者60例作为研究对象。其中30例患者采用骨水泥假体髋关节翻修治疗,设定为对照组,采用组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗的30例患者设定为观察组,并随访6个月。观察两组患者手术情况、手术前后哈里斯髋关节评分(Harris hip score,HHS)及帕克-帕尔莫移动评分(Parker Palmer mobility score,PPMS)、手术前后VAS评分及骨折愈合情况。结果 所有患者手术顺利,且无发生特殊并发症及不良事件。观察组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、住院时间[(65. 12±22. 13) min、(1 986. 52±875. 63) ml、(955. 25±520. 17) ml、(12. 98±5. 11) d]显著优于对照组[(76. 38±24. 64) min、(2 437. 42±953. 87) ml、(1 226. 44±553. 09) ml、(15. 52±5. 83) d],差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。观察组术后HHS及PPMS评分分别为(73. 66±16. 05)分,(8. 37±2. 13)分,显著优于术前的(4. 46±1. 34)分、(0. 83±0. 27)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05);观察组术后HHS评分及PPMS评分显著优于对照组的(66. 42±14. 83)分、(7. 15±1. 96)分,差异有统计学意义(P <0. 05);观察组患者的骨折愈合时间为(14. 29±6. 3)周,与对照组的(15. 03±7. 5)周相比差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。治疗后观察组患者的VAS评分为(2. 86±0. 99)分,显著优于对照组的(3. 73±1. 28)分,差异具有统计学意义(P <0. 05)。结论 组配式股骨假体髋关节翻修治疗全髋关节置换术后股骨假体周围骨折,术后患者HHS和PPMS评分明显提高,VAS评分明显降低,临床效果比较满意,值得临床推广应用。