转染人骨形态发生蛋白在兔骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达

目的采用基因转移技术将人骨形态发生蛋白7(hBMP-7)基因转染兔骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSc),检测外源基因的表达.方法常规分子生物学技术构建hBMP-7逆转录病毒载体,制备含目的基因的重组逆转录病毒液,感染兔骨髓间充质干细胞,使用原位杂交以及免疫组织化学的方法检测hBMP-7在BMSc中的表达.结果原位杂交和免疫组化检测经hBMP-7基因转染的BMSc中出现阳性结果,未转染的BMSc中未见阳性结果出现.结论采用逆转录病毒介导的方法可以将hBMP-7转染至BMSc中,并有外源性基因的表达.     

斧形皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损

目的 探讨斧形皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损的效果和意义.方法 参照面颊部自然曲线走向,在软组织缺损一侧设计斧形皮瓣,推进修复面颊部软组织缺损.结果 自2006年以来,共修复面颊部软组织缺损13例,面积最小1.8 cm×2.0 cm,最大2.5 cm×3.5 cm.术后皮瓣成活良好,均一期愈合.随访3个月～1.5年,术后瘢痕纤细隐蔽,对面颊部自然曲线的影响较小,外形满意.结论 斧形皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损,能够避免对面部自然曲线的破坏,达到较佳视觉效果,可以作为修复面颊部软组织缺损的较好的方法.     

血管移植物置换犬颈总动脉的研究

目的 观察以猪血纤维蛋白/微孔聚氨酯弹性膜为管形支架内皮化构建的小口径血管移植物在体内血流动力条件下血管壁重塑过程.方法 用体外培养的小口径血管移植物置换6条犬双侧颈总动脉,于术后1 d、1周、2周、4周行影像学检查,并于术后5 d、2周、4周取材行组织学、免疫组织化学和扫描电镜检查以评价移植血管在体内重塑.结果 10根血管移植物中有8根仍保持通畅(通畅率80%);8根通畅的血管在术后至4周的不同时点取出发现其内表面菲薄、光滑,被覆盖一连续、鹅卵石样单层细胞,Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体染色阳性.术后4周时新生动脉壁厚900μm,并于血管壁中层可见较多平滑肌细胞,而且最早于术后4周时在血管壁中层就可见弹力纤维.结论 猪血纤维蛋白/微孔聚氨酯弹性膜管形支架内皮化体外构建的小口径血管移植物在体内重塑后,可形成具有类似自体动脉壁结构.     

冷冻保存人脐带血管细胞培育组织工程心血管补片

目的 探讨应用液氮冷冻保存的人脐带动脉壁肌成纤维细胞(HUAMs)制备组织工程心血管补片的可行性.方法 将液氮冷冻保存的人脐带动脉壁肌成纤维细胞种植在聚-4-羟基丁酸酯(P4HB)聚合材料构建的补片支架材料上,制备组织工程心血管补片.体外静态培育21 d,对补片组织进行组织学、扫描电镜检查.免疫组织化学分析组织样本中细胞外基质(胶原蛋白)的合成.结果 苏木素-伊红(HE)染色显示,肌成纤维细胞较好地黏附于聚合材料上,大部分细胞保持生长活力,并浸润生长入支架材料内部,形成组织.免疫组织化学显示补片材料中有胶原蛋白合成.结论 液氮冷冻保存的人类脐带肌成纤维细胞可作为种子细胞,用于制备人组织工程心血管补片.     

Development of a Tissue‐Engineered Lymphatic Graft Using Nanocomposite Polymer for the Treatment of Secondary Lymphedema

Damage of the lymphatic vessels, commonly due to surgical resection for cancer treatment, leads to secondary lymphedema. Tissue engineering approach offers a possible solution to reconstruct this damage with the use of lymphatic graft to re‐establish the lymphatic flow, hence preventing lymphedema. The aim of this study is to develop a tissue‐engineered lymphatic graft using nanocomposite polymer and human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs). A nanocomposite polymer, the polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane‐poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane (POSS‐PCU), which has enhanced mechanical, chemical, and physical characteristics, was used to develop the lymphatic graft. POSS‐PCU has been used clinically for the world's first synthetic trachea, lacrimal duct, and is currently undergoing clinical trial for coronary artery bypass graft. Two designs and fabrication methods were used to manufacture the conduits. The fabrication method, the mechanical and physical properties, as well as the hydraulic conductivity were tested. This is followed by in vitro cell culture analysis to test the cytocompatibility of HDLEC with the polymer surface. Using the casted extrusion method, the nanocomposite lymphatic graft demonstrates desirable mechanical property and hydraulic conductivity to re‐establish the lymphatic flow. The conduit has high tensile strength (casted: 74.86 ± 5.74 MPa vs. coagulated: 31.33 ± 3.71 MPa; P < 0.001), favorable kink resistance, and excellent suture retention property (casted vs. coagulated, P < 0.05). Cytocompatibility study showed that the POSS‐PCU scaffold supports the attachment and growth of HDLECs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a tissue‐engineered lymphatic graft using the nanocomposite polymer. It displays excellent mechanical property and cytocompatibility to HDLECs, offering much promise for clinical applications and as a new treatment option for secondary lymphedema.     

Biological treatment strategies for disc degeneration: potentials and shortcomings

Recent advances in molecular biology, cell biology and material sciences have opened a new emerging field of techniques for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. These new treatment modalities aim for biological repair of the affected tissues by introducing cell-based tissue replacements, genetic modifications of resident cells or a combination thereof. So far, these techniques have been successfully applied to various tissues such as bone and cartilage. However, application of these treatment modalities to cure intervertebral disc degeneration is in its very early stages and mostly limited to experimental studies in vitro or in animal studies. We will discuss the potential and possible shortcomings of current approaches to biologically cure disc degeneration by gene therapy or tissue engineering. Despite the increasing number of studies examining the therapeutic potential of biological treatment strategies, a practicable solution to routinely cure disc degeneration might not be available in the near future. However, knowledge gained from these attempts might be applied in a foreseeable future to cure the low back pain that often accompanies disc degeneration and therefore be beneficial for the patient. This study was supported by a grant from the AO Spine (SRN 02/103).     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术对腹膜微结构损伤和纤维溶解分子表达的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术对腹膜微结构损伤和腹膜纤维溶解分子表达的影响。方法前瞻性纳入2011年6月至2012年2月问山西省人民医院收治的50例结直肠癌患者．根据患者意愿和医生决策分为腹腔镜组（27例）和开腹组（23例）。分别在光镜和电镜下观察术后腹膜微结构损伤程度：采用ELISA法比较手术前后腹膜组织型纤溶酶原激活物t-PA和纤溶酶原激活物抑制因子1（PAI-1）水平的改变。结果术后标本光镜和电镜观察显示,开腹组肠管浆膜完整性受损、系膜脂肪细胞与间皮细胞覆盖脱失、炎性细胞聚集程度较腹腔镜组严重,两组损伤评分比较的总平均秩次分别为38．22和14．67,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。术后网膜组织t-PA、肠管浆膜组织t-PA及PAI-1水平的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）;但腹腔镜组网膜组织中PAI-1水平显著低于开腹组（P〈0．05）。结论相对于开腹手术,腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术腹膜损伤程度较轻,对腹膜纤溶功能的影响较小．有利于防止肠粘连的形成。     

骨髓间充质干细胞定向肝细胞样分化的研究

目的探讨骨髓间充质干细胞定向肝细胞样分化的诱导条件，为肝组织工程提供新的种子细胞来源。方法分离小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞，在特定肝细胞培养液中用肝细胞生长因子(HGF)和表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)定向诱导。在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态。应用免疫荧光法鉴定细胞性质。结果骨髓间充质干细胞经HGF和EGF诱导7d后变为肝细胞样圆形；2周后免疫荧光染色可见分化后细胞表达肝细胞标志物CK18和白蛋白。结论骨髓间充质干细胞在特定条件诱导下可以向肝细胞方向分化。有可能作为肝组织工程的种子细胞来源。     

MMP-9及TIMP-1在甲状腺癌组织及外周血中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨甲状腺癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（TIMP-1）的表达,以及血清中MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度与肿瘤浸润、转移的关系。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法测定32例甲状腺癌组织、23例癌旁组织及30例良性甲状腺病变组织标本中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达,并应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）方法检测MMP-9和TIMP-1在其中21例甲状腺癌和19例良性甲状腺病变患者外周血清中的浓度。结果MMP-9及TIMP-1在甲状腺癌组织中呈高表达（75.0%、56.3%）,在癌旁组织及良性病变组织中呈低表达（30.4%、21.7%,26.7%、23.3%）,P〈0.05。MMP-9和TIMP-1蛋白的表达与肿瘤浸润程度、淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关（P〈0.05）,MMP-9蛋白表达与TIMP-1蛋白表达呈负相关（r=-0.509,P=0.003）。甲状腺癌组MMP-9和TIMP-1的血清浓度明显高于甲状腺良性疾病组（P=0.000,P=0.037）。甲状腺癌组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1蛋白表达高者相应血清中的MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度也较高（P〈0.05）。结论检测甲状腺肿瘤患者病变组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达情况及外周血中MMP-9和TIMP-1浓度有助于甲状腺良、恶性病变的鉴别诊断,并可作为甲状腺癌预后评估的依据之一。