Current practice patterns in pancreatic surgery: Results of a multi-institutional analysis of seven large surgical departments in germany with 1454 pancreatic head resections, 1999 to 2004 (german advanced surgical treatment study group)

Despite decreasing mortality rates, morbidity is still high after pancreatic head resection. Comparative data in the United States and Europe show a relationship between hospital volume and mortality. Treatment strategies vary frequently, partially because of the lack of evidence-based data. We performed a multi-institutional analysis in Germany evaluating current numbers, indications, techniques, and complication rates of pancreatic head resection. Questionnaires were completed by seven high-volume surgical departments regarding quantitative and qualitative aspects of pancreatic head resections in the period from 1999 to 2004 (five prospective and two retrospective institutional databases). A total of 1454 pancreatic head resections (944 for malignancy) were reported. Mean annual hospital volume ranged from 14 to 52 (10 to 43 in malignancy). Mortality was between 1.1% and 4.8%, morbidity was between 24% and 46%, and pancreatic leakage was between 9% and 20%. In malignant disease, all centers perform standard lymphadenectomy and regard arterial infiltration as a contraindication for resection. However, the rate of portal vein resection varied from 0% to 28%. No consensus is seen on the type of surgery for malignancy and chronic pancreatitis. After resection for pancreatic cancer less than one fourth of the patients receive adjuvant therapy. The results of our analysis in Germany confirm that pancreatic head resection can be performed with low mortality in specialized units. Variations in indications, operative technique, and perioperative care may demonstrate the lack of evidence-based data and/or personal and institutional experience. The low number of patients receiving adjuvant therapy after resection of pancreatic cancer suggests that more efforts must be made to establish novel adjuvant therapies under randomized study conditions. Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18, 2005 (oral presentation).     

儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌的临床特征及131Ⅰ治疗分析

目的 探讨儿童及青少年分化型甲状腺癌(DTC)的特征及评价131Ⅰ治疗的疗效及安全性.方法 共38例儿童及青少年DTC患者,平均年龄16.4岁,男10例,女28例,男女比例为1:2.8;其中37例为乳头状癌,1例为滤泡状癌.所有患者均伴有淋巴结转移,其中单纯淋巴结转移21例,合并肺转移15例,同时合并脑转移和骨转移2例.23例行双侧甲状腺全切除,7例行甲状腺次全切除,5例行单叶甲状腺切除,2例行部分甲状腺切除,1例行单纯肿瘤切除.所有患者术后均接受131Ⅰ治疗,并进行随访.结果 131Ⅰ治疗后随访1～17年,无瘤生存14例,病情明显缓解16例,病情稳定8例.所有患者未出现新的转移及继发肿瘤.结论 儿童及青少年DTC易转移及复发,术后行131Ⅰ治疗安全有效,可明显改善患者生存质量.     

A clinical procedure to predict the value of temporary occlusion therapy in keratoconjunctivitis sicca

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of dissolvable collagen punctal plugs on the symptoms, tear stability and volume in aqueous deficient dry eyes. METHODS: Sixty-two aqueous deficient dry eye patients of mixed aetiology underwent lacrimal punctal occlusion with dissolvable collagen plugs. The subjects were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: group I (n = 36) had their lower puncta occluded and group II (n = 26) had both their upper and lower puncta occluded. The effectiveness of this treatment was clinically assessed by (1). scoring subject symptoms and (2). measuring the tear parameters of tear thinning time (TTT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) as indicators of tear stability and volume, respectively. Following baseline measurements, patients were reviewed at time intervals of 5 and 12 days post-occlusion. A group of age- and gender-matched normals (n = 45) was recruited for comparison (group III). RESULTS: Tear volume and stability were significantly higher in group III compared with I and II at baseline. In the treated groups on both days 5 and 12: (1). symptom score reduced significantly from a median value of 7 to 3 (p = <0.001); (2). tear stability increased significantly from a median value of 3 to 5 s by day 5 (p 相似文献   

促甲状腺素及其受体与骨质疏松关系的研究进展

骨质疏松症(OP)是严重威胁老年人身心健康的常见疾病。随着人口老年化,老年性骨质疏松症发病率逐年增加。近年来内分泌性骨质疏松日见增多,促甲状腺激素(TSH)及促甲状腺激素受体(TSHR)与骨量减少、骨质疏松的关系倍受关注。成骨细胞和破骨细胞上的促甲状腺激素受体的作用是造成这一作用的关键。而此过程还会受到2型碘化甲腺氨酸脱碘酶、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)等的影响。同时促甲状腺激素受体存在基因多态性,对其功能存在不同程度的影响,也可能是造成骨质疏松的重要原因。通过对这个领域的深入研究为内分泌性骨质疏松的防治提供依据。     

Lack of modifying effects of atrazine and/or tamoxifen on thyroid carcinogenesis in rats pretreated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN)

The modifying effects of atrazine, and/or tamoxifen, on thyroid carcinogenesis were investigated in a rat two-stage carcinogenesis model following N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN) initiation. Five-week-old male F344 rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of DHPN (2800 mg/kg, body weight) or vehicle alone. Starting 1 week later, the animals were fed a diet supplemented with 0, 5, 50 or 500 ppm of atrazine, 500 ppm atrazine plus 5 ppm tamoxifen, or 5 ppm tamoxifen in the DHPN-treated groups, and 0 or 500 ppm of atrazine in the DHPN-untreated groups for 24 weeks. At autopsy major organs, including the thyroid, pituitary, liver, kidney, testis, epididymis, and brain, were collected and histopathologically examined. Body weights were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by the high doses of atrazine or tamoxifen, the effect being enhanced in combination. Relative thyroid weights were significantly increased (P<0.05) only in the tamoxifen-treated group and pituitary weights were elevated with 500 ppm atrazine plus tamoxifen (P<0.05). Relative liver weights were increased by the high dose of atrazine. However, the atrazine and/or tamoxifen treatments did not induce significant histopathological changes in the major organs, including the thyroid, nor cause significant changes in serum TSH levels. These results suggest that neither atrazine nor tamoxifen may promote thyroid carcinogenesis, alone as well as in combination.     

Physiological pharmacokinetics of solutes in the isolated perfused rat hindlimb: Characterization of the physiology with changing perfusate flow,protein content,and temperature using statistical moment analysis

Distribution of Evans Blue (EB), sucrose, and water into the isolated perfused rat hindlimb was studied under various conditions using the multiple indicator dilution (MID) technique. Statistical moment analyses of the outflow profiles for the EB, sucrose, and water were used to define the vascular, extravascular, and total water spaces, respectively. The varied perfusion conditions included albumin content (2, 4.7, and 7%), temperature (25, 37, and 42 C), perfusate flow rate (2, 4, 8, and 12 ml/min) and the presence/absence of red blood cells. The range of studies undertaken were chosen to represent the variety of conditions used in the preparation of both isolated animal and human limbs, the latter being particularly important in cytotoxic therapy for recurrent malignant melanoma. The distribution volumes of EB, sucrose, and water were dependent on the flow rate and the albumin content of perfusate. The normalized variances (CV ² ) of the markers were of the following order: sucrose (2.18) > water (1.58) > EB (0.68), indicating that some disequilibrium occurs during the capillary exchange of water and sucrose. It is suggested that a Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 2% BSA is a suitable perfusate for most studies of the isolated rat hindlimb perfusion. The effect of albumin concentration manifests itself only at higher flows.We acknowledge the support of the National Heart Foundation (Queensland) and the Mayne Bequest Foundation. This study was conducted while the investigator (Z.Y. Wu) was in receipt of a WHO Research Training Grant. Professor M. S. Roberts also acknowledges the support of the Queensland and Northern New South Wales Lions Kidney & Medical Research Foundation.     

甲状腺微小癌48例临床病理分析

目的 :探讨甲状腺微小癌的病理特征及临床特点。方法 :对 48例甲状腺微小癌进行临床病理分析 ,常规制片HE染色。结果 :48例均为乳头状癌。大体标本 :切面呈灰白色 ,有的灰白色放射状瘢痕样 ,质地中等 ,部分较脆 ,无包膜。随访 43例健在 ,5例失访。结论 :甲状腺微小癌不少见 ,术前大多难以确诊 ,常在术后标本检查时被偶然发现 ,手术切除后预后良好。以锐刀每 0 .2cm作扇形切开 ,取下全部灰白区或瘢痕样组织做病理切片 ,可避免漏诊     

The ensemble-averaged impedance cardiogram: An evaluation of scoring methods and interrater reliability

The interrater reliability and concurrent validity of two methods of scoring the ensemble-averaged impedance cardiogram were evaluated. Impedance cardiographic and electrocardiographic signals were recorded from 40 undergraduate men and women during a baseline rest period and a vocal mental arithmetic task period. Recordings were scored by four raters using a conventional method, involving ensemble averaging after careful editing of beat-to-beat waveforms, and a streamlined method, involving ensemble averaging without beat-to-beat editing. Intraclass correlations for interrater reliability exceeded .92, whereas intraclass correlations for concurrent validity exceeded .97, indicating excellent agreement between raters and scoring methods for all cardiac measures. The streamlined method was significantly faster than the conventional method. The results indicate that variations in beat-to-beat editing do not constitute a serious source of error in the ensemble-averaged impedance cardiogram and support the interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the two scoring methods.     

Determination of functional kidney volume by single-photon emission computed tomography in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Functional parenchymal kidney volume was determined by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) using a rotating gamma camera in phantom experiments and in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The results from the patient examinations were corrected according to the phantom studies and were thereafter set in relation to renal haemodynamics, blood pressure, and urinary albumin excretion. Functional parenchymal kidney volume was significantly greater in diabetic patients compared to that of 11 healthy controls (P < 0.003). Urinary albumin excretion was increased and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) per renal parenchymal volume significantly less in patients with a duration of diabetic disease of more than 15 years compared to patients with shorter duration of disease (P < 0.03 and P < 0.05 respectively). Diabetic patients with a GFR of more than 120 ml/min had greater renal parenchymal volume than patients with lower GFR (P < 0.02). Patients with increased GFR, renal plasma flow (RPF), renal blood flow, or filtration fraction had significantly greater functional parenchymal volume than the healthy subjects (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). We conclude that by application of SPECT for DMSA we were able to show that IDDM patients have greater renal parenchymal volumes than healthy subjects. GFR/kidney volume was increased in IDDM patients with a duration of disease of < 15 years compared to patients with long-standing diabetes. The SPECT technique seems suitable for prospective long-term follow-up studies of functional kidney volume in IDDM patients.     

抗人甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体与其他自身抗体的关系

甲状腺过氧化物酶（ＴＰＯ）是甲状腺微粒体的抗原成分。在纯化抗原建立测定抗ＴＰＯ抗体ＥＬＩＳＡ法的基础上，并对抗ＴＰＯ与其他自身抗体的伴随关系作了研究。发现除自身免疫性甲状腺病有较高阳性率外，ＳＬＥ等患者抗ＴＰＯ检出率也很高（１０％￣５２．１％），且抗ＴＰＯ阳性者，抗核抗体等其他自身抗体的阳性率也高达３０．８％￣９５．２％。抗ＴＰＯ抗体与其他自身抗体的相关系数ｒ＝０．７４６７（Ｐ〈０．０１）。