血吸虫病防治主题摄影作品评审标准及应用实践

目的 通过制定及应用血吸虫病防治主题摄影作品的评审标准,为防治血吸虫病健康教育传播载体提供科学性建议,以丰富防治血吸虫病健康教育措施。方法 通过文献调查和专家咨询法,制定防治血吸虫病摄影作品评审标准。分别以建设新貌、自然风光、工作场面和防治成果等4个专题进行评比。结果 制订的主题摄影作品评审标准分为作品主题（占60%）、摄影构图（占15%）、对焦曝光（占15%）和色彩饱和度（占10%）4个方面。在全国血吸虫病流行区共征集到59家单位、77位作者的495幅作品。经过初筛和评审,共评选出了防治成果与建设新貌类、工作场面类、自然风光类等3个专题的一等奖6幅、二等奖12幅、三等奖18幅（组）,以及优秀奖20幅。结论 主题摄影作品的评审标准应兼顾摄影技术元素和血吸虫病防治工作规范;应开展防治人员摄影专题培训与指导,以提高记录、宣传防治工作者风采和防治成果的能力和水平,更好地发挥正确宣传防治工作服务的导向作用。     

Quantitative analyses of GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2 mRNAs and tyrosine hydroxylase protein in the nigrostriatal system reveal bilateral compensatory changes following unilateral 6-OHDA lesions in the rat

Copy numbers of mRNAs for GFRalpha-1 and GFRalpha-2, the preferred receptors for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR (QRT-PCR). Receptor expression was assessed in striatum (ST) and substantia nigra (SN) of normal rats and rats acutely or progressively lesioned by 6-OHDA injected into the medial forebrain bundle or ST, respectively. GFRalpha-1 mRNA was clearly detected in normal ST. In normal SN, significantly higher expression of both receptors was observed. At 4 weeks after acute lesion, GFRalpha-2 mRNA was markedly decreased in SN bilaterally, whereas GFRalpha-1 mRNA in SN and ST was not affected. A progressive lesion resulted in a progressive decrease of GFRalpha1 mRNA in ST bilaterally. In SN, levels of GFRalpha-1 mRNA were not significantly affected by a progressive lesion, whereas GFRalpha-2 mRNA was markedly decreased bilaterally. Quantitative western blotting standardized against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein from PC12 cells revealed the expected decrease in TH protein in lesioned SN, but also significant increases in TH protein in contralateral, unlesioned SNs at 4 weeks after both acute and progressive lesions. These data suggest that previously unrecognized compensatory changes in the nigrostriatal system occur in response to unilateral dopamine depletion. Since the changes observed in receptor expression did not always parallel loss of dopamine neurons, cells in addition to the nigral dopamine neurons appear to be affected by a 6-OHDA insult and are potential targets for the neurotrophic factors, GDNF and NTN.     

关于七年制医学微生物教学之探索：从病例讨论到主题讨论

PBL教学法在国内外的教学中得到了越来越广泛而且深入的应用。通过改变七年制微生物学传统的病例讨论教学模式,按照《PBL学习效果评价方法和标准》对学生进行调查,结果证明：PBL的主题讨论教学模式应用于教学后,更有助于激发学生学习的主动性和积极性,能够进一步完善学生的科学思维方式,从而获得较好的教学效果。     

2015—2020年国际同行评审周:发展、演化及启示

【目的】 调研2015—2020年国际同行评审周的发展情况,分析同行评审周的主题演变,提出对我国同行评审制度的启示。【方法】 通过调研同行评审周官方网站以及委员机构网站在同行评审周举办的活动,总结参与机构的每年研讨主题、开展活动及采取措施,分析国际同行评审周主题和内容的发展趋势,进而考察国际同行评审的发展动向与研究前沿。【结果】 国际同行评审正在沿着从认知到认可、从封闭到开放、从一元到多元、从评审数量到评审质量、从质疑到信任的趋势发展。【结论】 我国应提高对审稿工作的认可度,扩大审稿贡献的适用范围和效力;逐步转变同行评审模式,鼓励提升同行评审的透明性;扩充审稿专家队伍,关注青年审稿人;注重评审学术价值,提高同行评审信任度。     

浅谈产科病房的特色设计

在产科病房的设计上,采用一些温馨的主题化设计,既是医疗机构对"产妇"这一特殊群体的人文关怀,也是在国内大量VIP产科房间兴起的情况下差异化竞争的手段之一。文章通过上海仁济医院浦东分院VIP产科病房采用主题化的设计实例,从公共区域的设计、病房设计、配餐室设计等方面,阐述了产科病房特色设计的方法。     

主题推进式高校心理健康教育的探索与实践

心理健康教育一直是学生全面发展的前提条件,但是随着生活水平的提高,学生已不用再为物质生活担忧,充足的物质保障给学生提供了丰富的课余生活,但是在物质生活极大丰富的时代里,学生的心理问题并未减少,反而大幅度上升。为了更好地解决学生的心理问题,哈尔滨医科大学大庆校区护理学院多年来积极探索主题推进式心理健康教育活动,取得了一定经验和成效。本文主要介绍了主题推进式教育的含义,描述了不同年级、生源、性别、专业及是否独生子女等学生的心理特征,对针对不同类别学生实施的主题推进式心理健康教育模式及具体措施进行了阐述。     

编辑出版类Top100高被引论文的分析及启示——以科技期刊为主题的研究

【目的】 通过对“科技期刊”研究主题高被引论文的研究,全面梳理编辑出版类Top100高被引论文的研究重点、内容概况、引用情况等,揭示不同时期期刊人关注的热点以及期刊人普遍关注的主题,为编辑出版类选题制定、稿件遴选、核心作者人才培养、提高办刊质量等提供思路。【方法】 在中国知网上以“科技期刊”为主题进行检索,共检索出84028篇论文。共有106篇文章的被引频次超过50次(含50次),定义为Top100论文。统计Top100论文的研究方向、各个方向论文的被引频次、刊发期刊的情况等。【结果】 Top100论文共被引用了7622次,平均72次/篇。其中60篇发表在《编辑学报》上,33篇发表在《中国科技期刊研究》上,共占论文总数的87.7%。论文主要分布在如下16个方向上:期刊评价和引文分析、国际化、改革与发展、审稿、网络化及网站建设、参考文献、基金资助、编辑素质和培养、新媒体、选题组稿和栏目、学术不端、数字出版、开放获取、经营模式、作者群、摘要。【结论】 以科技期刊为主题的高被引论文大多集中在与期刊发展密切相关、可操作性较强的领域,与期刊人关注的主题相关,与作者知名度、刊发期刊有关。研究结果对科技期刊建设、稿件遴选、人才培养等有较强的指导和推动作用。     

Time structure of behavioral patterns related to feed pecking in chicks

Nonrandom time patterns of pecking acts by 16 chicks were detected using the software Theme during three videotaped pecking sessions (M, C, and A). At 15 days of age pecking session, M (mash) was recorded when chicks ate a mash diet. Pecking session C (change) at 16 or 17 days of age was recorded immediately after the change of the diet to pellets presented either as regular cylinders (P) to eight chicks, or as semiovoid (Po) to eight other chicks. Pecking session A (adapted) was recorded 5 or 6 days after adaptation to P and Po. Successful (consumatory) pecks were 72%, 52%, and 61% of all pecks for sessions M, C, and A, respectively. The head of the chicks remained in a steady position between two consecutive pecks for a longer period during C (65% of the time) than M and A (54%). During C, the pecking rate was less for P (0.54 pecks/s) than for Po (0.79 pecks/s). Two consistent time patterns involving four acts frequently observed were: head rotation (or exploratory peck)head in steady positionconsumatory peckhead in steady position with jaw movements. Time intervals within a pattern were stable throughout sessions. However, the proportion of synchronized (included in a pattern) vs. nonsynchronized (not included in a pattern) acts decreased immediately after the change of feed form (session C). These results suggest that pecking at feed is composed of two distinct sets of acts: consistently organized patterns little affected by the form of the pecked particles and nonsynchronized acts that may be involved in sensory information.     

全国医院品管圈大赛“主题选定”评析

对第五届全国医院品管圈大赛三级医院综合组的86个参赛圈组主题选定阶段进行分析,发现主题选定主要问题表现为主题内容较集中;选题背景不严谨;衡量指标设置不合理。提出如下建议:建立全国医院品管圈信息交流平台;提高选题背景严谨性;建立规范的主题衡量指标体系等。