我院2000-2004年医院感染革兰阴性杆菌耐药性趋势的研究

[目的]了解2000年～2004年院内感染革兰阴性杆菌分布及其耐药性。[方法]主要使用MicroScan-4微生物鉴定及药敏仪对2000年1月～2004年12月引起院内感染革兰阴性杆菌进行鉴定及药物敏感试验，结果录入Whonet5．3软件进行分析、统计。[结果]5年间，革兰阴性杆菌所致医院感染中，大肠埃希菌比例最高，在32．8％～38．1％之间，阴沟肠杆菌、不动杆菌比例呈上升趋势。细菌的耐药率在逐年上升，其中阴沟肠杆菌和鲍曼不动杆菌，耐药性高于其它革兰阴性杆菌（P〈0．05），对第三代头孢菌素耐药率分别达到60％～80％、40％～70％。对亚胺培南耐药的菌株日益增多。[结论]细菌的耐药性逐渐增强，阴沟肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌成为非常重要的医院感染病原菌，医务工作者要重视医院感染，加强耐药性监测，合理使用抗生素。     

扶正调平汤减轻化疗毒副反应的临床观察

目的研究在化疗过程中运用扶正调平汤对减轻肿瘤患者的骨髓抑制，消化道症状等化疗副反应的作用。方法通过临床对60例手术及非手术胃癌患者随机分成两组，即治疗组和对照组，观察化疗前后两组的血象变化、消化道反应情况，及其生活质量进行评定，比较、分析。结果实验证明化疗同时配合扶正调平汤对改善化疗副反应的作用显著化于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论说明扶正调平汤对减轻化疗毒副反应方面具有较好的临床疗效。提高了患者生活质量，使惠者顺利完成化疗疗程。     

第二足趾跖侧菱形皮瓣转移改形法再造拇指

目的介绍第二足趾跖侧菱形皮瓣转移改形再造拇指的方法。方法用传统方法切取第二足趾后,于第二足趾近段跖侧设计菱形皮瓣,用180°逆形转移或向远侧直接推进的方法将皮瓣嵌入第二足趾跖侧狭细处,以改善其外形。结果临床应用6例,再造拇指全部存活。术后随访3～24个月,再造拇指外形美观,感觉运动恢复满意。结论用第二足趾跖侧菱形皮瓣转移改形法再造拇指,能明显改善第二足趾的外形,使再造拇指更美观。     

新生儿医院感染原因探讨及干预对策

目的：分析新生儿医院感染相关危险因素及干预对策.方法：通过对榆林市第一医院2006年5月至2010年5月收治的1428例住院新生儿医院感染发生情况.结果：新生儿患者医院感染率从2006年5月至2008年5月的3.20%,下降到2008年5月至2010年5月的1.99%.结论：对新生儿室医疗护理工作中各种医院感染相关危险因素采取相应的干预对策后,新生儿患者的医院感染率明显降低,提高了医疗护理质量.     

医院联合体的构建及成效研究

介绍了浙江省温州医学院附属第一医院和温州市第八医院构建联合体的过程,阐明在卫生改革不断深入的形势下,医院联合体的组建既符合卫生改革的总体精神,也提高了医疗卫生资源的利用率,是我国卫生改革的一种走向,也是拆"围墙"打破各种隶属、所有制,优化卫生资源的必然趋势.它的最终目的是有利于盘活存量,资源共享,提高效益,有利于为人民提供优质医疗卫生服务[1],同时也为浙江省<深化医药卫生体制改革若干意见>的稳步实施提供了生动的案例,为行政主管部门的决策提供了借鉴.     

血脂康治疗老年人血脂异常的临床观察

目的探讨血脂康在治疗老年人血脂异常的疗效及安全性。方法138例老年血脂异常患者服用血脂康1.2g,观察其降脂效果及安全性。结果血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDH-C)较治疗前显著下降,治疗前后有显著的统计学差异,P<0.01。而高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)升高。治疗过程中无明显的不良反应,安全性较好。结论血脂康治疗老年人血脂异常是有效的并且是安全的。     

纳洛酮治疗急性重型颅脑损伤的量效关系

目的观察盐酸纳洛酮治疗急性重型颅脑损伤病人的剂量疗效关系。方法将120例急性重型颅脑损伤病人随机分为6组(空白对照组以及0.1、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8 mg.kg-1.d-1纳洛酮组),分别给予生理盐水及相应分组剂量纳洛酮,观察GCS、血压、脉搏、呼吸等生命体征,测定血浆β-内啡肽(-βEP)和C-反应蛋白(CRP)含量。随访3个月,观察GOS、肢体和语言功能评分。结果GCS、β-EP、CRP在小剂量纳洛酮组(0.1 mg.kg-1.d-1)与对照组间差异无统计学意义;大剂量纳洛酮组各组间(≥0.4 mg.kg-1.d-1)差异无统计学意义,但与空白对照组、小剂量组、中剂量组(0.2 mg.kg-1.d-1)间差异有统计学意义。血压、脉搏、呼吸在纳洛酮各组间差异无统计学意义,但与对照组间差异有统计学意义。随访3个月,GOS、肢体功能及语言功能评分在大剂量组与对照组、小剂量组、中剂量组之间的差异有统计学意义,且小剂量组恢复最差(P<0.05);但大剂量各组之间的差异无统计学意义结论①盐酸纳洛酮(≥0.2 mg.kg-1.d-1)对急性重型颅脑损伤有显著的治疗作用,能促进神经功能的恢复;②小剂量盐酸纳络酮(≤0.1 mg.kg-1.d-1)对颅脑损伤后的神经功能保护无意义,临床不提倡使用;③盐酸纳络酮剂量0.4～0.6 mg.kg-1.d-1为最佳临床推荐剂量。     

读《金匮要略心典》

尤怡的<金匮要略心典>是对张仲景<金匮要略>的注释、概括,具有较高的学术价值,从文学角度与医学价值上探讨尤在泾<金匮要略心典>中所体现的文化内涵及学术特色.     

Fracture frequency of all-ceramic crowns during dynamic loading in a chewing simulator using different loading and luting protocols

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this laboratory study was to compare the frequency of failures (complete fractures or partial cracks) of molar crowns made of two different all-ceramic materials during dynamic loading in a chewing simulator, as well as the fracture load when subjected to static loading, in relation to different dynamic loading and luting protocols. METHODS: One hundred and forty-four molar crowns fabricated with IPS Empress or an experimental e.max Press material with high translucency (e.max Press Exp) were luted on CAD/CAM milled PMMA abutments (first lower molar, circular chamfer) either with Variolink or glass-ionomer cement (GIC). All crowns were loaded according to three different loading protocols (n=12 per group) and two force profiles (sinusoidal, rectangular) in a pneumatically driven chewing simulator with a steel stylus (? 8mm) and they underwent simultaneous thermocycling (5 degrees C/55 degrees C). After each phase the crowns were evaluated with regard to fractures or cracks. After dynamic testing, the crowns that did not fail were subjected to compression loading until complete fracture in a universal testing machine (UTM). As control groups, unloaded crowns were also subjected to a UTM. Survival statistics with log-rank tests were applied for the results of the dynamic loading, while ANOVA with post hoc Tukey B was used for the fracture load results and two-way ANOVA was carried out for logarithmically transformed data. Weibull statistics were calculated for pooled fracture load data of the dynamically loaded and control groups. RESULTS: In the 144 IPS Empress crowns, complete fractures were observed in 9 crowns and partial cracks in another 3 crowns. When the data was pooled, a statistically significant increase in fractures occurred when the sinusoidal force profile was applied compared to a rectangular force profile (log-rank, p<0.05). No fractures occurred in the e.max Press Exp crowns. The two-way ANOVA showed that the type of luting protocol used had the most significant effect on the fracture load of both materials. In conjunction with Empress, however, the luting material influenced the variability twice as much as in e.max Press Exp. There was no statistically significant difference in the fracture load of GIC-luted e.max Press Exp crowns and that of the Variolink luted Empress crowns. The force profile had a significant effect on the fracture load only of the Empress crowns but not of the e.max Press Exp crowns. Weibull statistics revealed a higher scattering of the data of dynamically loaded crowns compared to that of the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: For testing all-ceramic materials, dynamic loading is indispensable to draw valid conclusions on clinical performance of all-ceramic molar crowns. A sinusoidal profile is advisable, while a gradual increase of the force amplitude does not significantly affect the results.     

急性胰腺炎的超声诊断

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎的超声诊断及其应用价值。方法：60例经CT或由临床症状结合腹部穿刺得以确诊的急性胰腺炎，就超声表现和各类型的表现进行分析。结果：60例急性胰腺炎患者中，超声诊断52例，准确率为86．7％，其中，急性水肿型胰腺炎28例，胰腺大，内部回声减低或是增强，均匀或不均匀；急性出血坏死型胰腺炎24例，胰腺弥漫性或局限性肿大，轮廓较为模糊，回声不均匀，低或强回声相间，回声较粗，多见边沿粗糙；60例中误诊的8例仅见气体全反射回声，未探及胰腺声像。结论：超声对急性胰腺炎的诊断准确率高，并能做出分型诊断，临床应用方便快捷。