医用放射性设备损伤分析与防护

目的：提出合理的医用放射性设备防护措施，给出进行设备放射性评价的指标。方法：针对放射线的波长、穿透力、荧光作用、摄影作用和生物效应分析放射性形成机制。结果给出放射性防护的基本措施和放射设备防护指标评价要素。结论：认识放射性设备防护原理及措施，有利于充分发挥射线在医学上的巨大作用，有利于合理确定放射设备成本，有利于促进放射技术良性发展。     

Inhibition of P2X<Subscript>7</Subscript> receptor by extracts of Chinese medicine

目的：探讨中草药石菖蒲粗提物SCP01及其纯化物SCP02（α-细辛脑）和迷迭香抽提物X0728对人肥大细胞的作用。方法：用膜片钳技术全细胞记录人肥大细胞膜ATP激活的P2X7受体的电流。结果：40μg／mL SCP01抑制P2X7电流（27．6±2．0）％，而同样浓度的SCP02抑制（29．5±2．2）％（-100mv电位下），笔者还比较了商业用α-细辛脑的效应，42μg／mL可抑制P2X7电流（52．2±2．0）％。相反，40μg／mL X0728激活P2X7电流（28．6±2．8）％，所有这些作用都是电压依赖性的。结论：α-细辛脑对P2X7的抑制将阻滞胞内钙的增加，从而可以解释抑制神经元死亡的原因。而X0728刺激P2X7的药理学效应尚需进一步研究。     

虎杖浓缩片的制备工艺及含量测定

目的：优化虎杖浓缩片的制备工艺，测定其中有效成分含量。方法：以崩解时限、吸湿性、外观作为评价指标对处方工艺进行筛选，制备虎杖浓缩片，用HPLC和差示分光光度法分别测定有效成分的含量。结果：最佳处方组成为每片含主药（总有效部位）0．195g、乳糖0、08g、微晶纤维素0．10g、羧甲基纤维素钠0、02g、硬脂酸镁0．002g。所制片剂硬度较好，外观光洁。白藜芦醇苷、白藜芦醇、大黄素、大黄素甲醚和总蒽醌等有效成分的含量测定结果符合规定。结论：本法处方合理。工艺简单，适用于工业化生产。     

The suprahepatic approach. An easy laparoscopic access to the hiatus in obese patients

The conventional laparoscopic access to the gastroesophageal junction involves the retraction the left hepatic lobe upward. This approach could be particularly difficult in obese patients because of a huge fatty liver. The technique described here aims to overcome this difficulty be using a suprahepatic route by displacing the left lobe downward after dividing the left triangular ligament. This approach allows a good exposure of the gastroesophageal junction to perform a fundoplication or a gastric banding.     

腹腔镜辅助下腹壁小切口肌壁间子宫肌瘤切除术与开腹手术的对比研究

目的　评估采用腹腔镜辅助下腹壁小切口行肌壁间子宫肌瘤切除术 (LAM)的可行性和安全性。方法　对 37例肌壁间子宫肌瘤患者采用LAM ,肌瘤直径均 >5cm ,<9cm ;其中 2例肌瘤深达宫腔 (肌瘤深入宫腔均 <5 0 % )。选择同期作开腹手术的 35例子宫肌瘤患者作对照组。所有LAM在腹腔镜辅助下完成。一半肌瘤剥离后扩大腹壁正中辅助穿刺点切口至 4～ 5cm长 ,在腹壁切口外完成整个肌瘤剥离术及子宫创面的缝合。临床观察指标包括手术时间 ,术中出血量 ,术中和术后并发症及术后恢复时间 (起床及排气时间 ) ;并与同等条件同期开腹行肌瘤切除术者相比较。结果　LAM组手术所需时间为 10 1min± 5 6min ,与对照组手术所需时间 89min± 38min比较 ,差异无显著意义 ,P>0 .0 5。术中出血量 (中位数 )LAM组为 5 0ml,对照组为 80ml,两者比较 ,P <0 .0 5。LAM组术后病率2 7% (1/ 37) ,对照组为 6 3% (2 2 / 35 ) ,两组比较P <0 0 0 1;术后起床及排气时间LAM组明显早于对照组 ,P <0 .0 0 1。LAM组术中术后无一例出现并发症。 11例不孕症行LAM 1年后有 8例妊娠 ,妊娠进展顺利直至孕 37～ 38周剖宫产。结论　LAM是一种安全可行的技术 ,该技术提供了一种易于操作及损伤最小的切除子宫肌壁间肌瘤之技术 ;它保留了腹腔镜手术的优点 ,     

《中医诊断学》中的恒动观念

恒动观念作为中医理论体系的主要特点之一 ,对中医学理论体系的构建有着深刻的影响。中医学在临床诊断过程中非常强调以恒动观念来把握疾病过程及病理变化。主要从诊法、辨证方面入手 ,具体阐释恒动观念在中医诊断学中的指导意义。     

Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted black-blood fast spin-echo MR imaging of the brain. Technique for suppression of enhancing venous signal

Purpose: Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted black-blood fast spin-echo MR imaging (BB-FSE) was performed to suppress enhancing venous signal and flow artifacts in the brain without sacrificing the T1-weighted imaging contrast.Material and Methods: Twenty-five MR imaging sections (17 transverse and 8 coronal images) in 15 patients with various brain diseases were obtained by contrast-enhanced T1-weighted SE and BB-FSE images.Results: In contrast-enhanced T1-weighted BB-FSE images, venous signal was significantly less and T1-weighted contrast of the brain was more evident. No differences in flow artifacts were found between the two imaging techniques. The interobserver agreements were good for the venous signal and flow artifacts using both techniques.Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted BB-FSE imaging reduced the venous signal in the brain with maintaining T1-weighted contrast. This novel MR technique can be used when the suppression of enhancing venous signal is expected to improve the depiction of enhancing lesions in the brain.     

真空气流植物细胞破壁技术在灵芝药材提取前处理中的应用

[目的]研究真空气流植物细胞破壁技术对灵芝药材多糖提取的影响.[方法]将灵芝药材按照该工艺进行破壁,破壁药材与未破壁药材分别粉碎成约1g的药材小块,分别以40、60、80℃温浸2h,测定其多糖提取率;80℃条件下于1、2、3、4、5h取样测定其多糖提取率.同时测定破壁药材和未破壁药材的多糖含量.[结果]破壁后,多糖损失14%;但是破壁灵芝多糖的提取率均远远高于未破壁的灵芝药材.[结论]灵芝药材经过真空气流植物细胞破壁加工后在温浸的条件下可以明显提高灵芝多糖的提取率.     

Leukemic xanthomatosis with a missing No. 9 chromosome

A 2 year old girl with chronic rhinobronchitis, hepatomegaly, café-aulait spots, skin xanthomas, mental and physical retardation and a blood picture of myelocytic leukemia is described. Treatment with prednisone and 6-mercaptopurine markedly improved the symptoms. The atypical cells could be classified as (para)metayelocytes by light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. Chromosome analysis of blood and bone marrow revealed a predominant cell clone in the bone marrow with a missing C-chromosome. The missing chromosome could be identified as a No. 9 by a modified Giemsa banding technique.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.