SUSPENSION OF THE EYELID TO THE CHECK LIGAMENT OF THE SUPERIOR FORNIX FOR CONGENITAL BLEPHAROPTOSIS

A new surgical procedure for the treatment of all types of congenital blepharoptosis is described: suspension of the eyelid to the check ligament of the superior fornix. This is a dynamic suspension technique by which the check ligament, which is an extension of Tenon's capsule and normally inserts into the superior conjunctival fornix, is brought forward and sutured to the tarsus, which raises the eyelid. This technique does not sacrifice or add any tissue and is simple to repeat if necessary. Sixty-two patients were operated on using the technique and followed up for a mean of 23 months (range 3 months to 9.6 years). In a group of patients not operated on before for ptosis, 50 eyelids were raised with 74% normalisation, 22% improvement, and one eyelid each that showed only slight change or overcorrection. In a group of patients with 27 eyelids operated on before using other techniques, 67% of the eyelids were normalised, 30% were improved, and only one eyelid showed no change. In conclusion, this new technique has proved to be quite successful in raising the level of the upper eyelid in congenital blepharoptosis, with results at least comparable to those of most other techniques. The advantages with the check ligament over other techniques are the minimal trauma of the surgery, its simplicity, and its repeatability.     

同轴穿刺技术在肺内孤立性小结节活检中的临床应用

目的 探讨在CT引导下,应用同轴技术经皮穿刺肺内孤立性小结节的可行性、操作技巧及应用价值.方法 34例肺内孤立性小结节患者,在CT引导下应用同轴技术行穿刺活检术,取出组织经固定后行组织病理学检查,分析穿刺成功率、诊断符合率及并发症的发生率.结果 34例患者,均穿刺成功,取得标本多少不一,组织学除1例腺癌误诊为慢性炎症外,其余均作出正确诊断,穿刺成功率为100％,诊断符合率为97.05％.10例出现气胸,12例伴有出血,其中2例为气胸合并出血,气胸总发生率为29.4％,出血总发生率为35.3％.结论 应用同轴技术穿刺肺内小结节,可多方向多次取材,获得较满意的组织量,从而提高阳性率及诊断率,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

开窗/分支支架治疗胸腹主动脉扩张性病变的临床效果分析

背景与目的：随着腔内技术的发展,腹主动脉疾病全腔内治疗的安全性和有效性已经得到广泛验证。但在胸腹主动脉疾病中,因为解剖条件更复杂,所以全腔内治疗的难度大,而其安全性和有效性也有待进一步验证。本研究总结笔者团队采用开窗/分支支架治疗胸腹主动脉扩张性病变的单中心经验,并介绍团队针对复杂性胸腹主动脉病首创的双主干技术,以期为同行提供参考和借鉴。方法：回顾性收集2021年10月—2023年7月在上海市第一人民医院接受开窗/分支支架治疗并至少重建2个分支动脉的37例胸腹主动脉扩张性病变患者资料。37例患者中,夹层术后远端瘤样扩张20例,胸腹主动脉瘤17例;在完善术前CTA及评估后,分别行单主干腔内治疗（26例）与双主干腔内治疗（11例）。收集患者的相关临床资料（基线资料、术前解剖参数、围术期指标、随访结局指标）,分析整体治疗效果,以及双主干技术的安全性和疗效。结果：手术总共重建了162个分支动脉,手术技术成功率为100%。围术期发生死亡3例（8.11%）、移植物植入后综合征3例（8.11%）、Ⅲ型内漏1例（2.70%）。中位随访时间为13.73 (2.33～26.74)个月,总体存活率为91.9...     

Standardization of basic skills for laparoscopic liver surgery towards laparoscopic donor hepatectomy

Introduction  We have accumulated over 170 patients since 1995 who underwent laparoscopic partial liver resection, laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomy, and laparoscopy-assisted hepatectomy. Bleeding control, which is a basic element of liver resection, needs to be better managed by methods suitable for safer laparoscopic liver resection. The aim of this study was to standardize the basic skills and to establish safer techniques for laparoscopic liver surgery in order to perform safe laparoscopic donor hepatectomy. Materials and methods  We analyzed initial results from the viewpoint of operative techniques of laparoscopic liver resection in our series. Laparoscopic liver resections have been successfully performed by the application of automatic suturing devices and the radiofrequency method. Results  We have performed 105 laparoscopic partial liver resections, 26 laparoscopic left lateral sectionectomies, and 45 laparoscopy-assisted major hepatectomies. A total of 176 patients underwent minimally invasive liver resections. Conclusion  For safer laparoscopic liver resection, efficient bleeding control techniques, such as radiofrequency pre-coagulation and the liver hanging maneuver, are needed during parenchymal transection of the liver. Laparoscopy-assisted donor hepatectomy can be safely performed without increasing operative risks with mini-laparotomy.     

AO技术治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效探讨

目的：探讨AO技术治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效,为临床选择更好的治疗胫骨平台骨折的方法。方法：本组总结胫骨平台骨折46例,男16例,女30例。按AO分类法分类后严格按照AO内固定原则及AO技术和材料进行骨折治疗。结果：46例胫骨平台骨折随访39例。膝关节功能恢复按KDLMERT标准,膝关节功能优良者34例（87．2％）,可、差者5例（12．8％）。结论：我们认为,胫骨平台骨折的AO分类法能综合骨折的受伤机制、骨折类型、骨折治疗及预后来反映骨折的特点,并能指导治疗。移位性平台骨折应扩大手术范围,进行满意复位后采用AO坚强的固定技术重建关节的正常平整关系。术后术后应用静脉泵及早期配合膝关节被动（CPM）练习能够获得满意的治疗结果。     

Experiences of laparoscopic liver resection including lesions in the posterosuperior segments of the liver

Background  There is a growing interest in laparoscopic liver resection because of its minimal invasiveness, the increased experience with laparoscopic procedures, and the advances of the laparoscopic devices. The authors describe their experience with laparoscopic liver resection, including its use for lesions in the posterosuperior segments of the liver (segments 1, 7, and 8, and the superior part of segment 4). Methods  A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 128 patients who underwent laparoscopic liver resection between January 2004 and December 2007. The patients were classified into two groups according to the location of the lesion: the anterolateral (AL) group (n = 92) and the posterosuperior (PS) group (n = 36). Results  The study enrolled 76 men and 52 women with a mean age of 57 years. The indications for resection were hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 57), hepatolithiasis (n = 39), liver metastasis from colorectal cancer (n = 21), and benign liver tumor (n = 11). There were no differences between the groups in terms of preoperative patient demographic characteristics or indications for liver resection. Major liver resection was performed more frequently for the PS group than for the AL group (p < 0.001). The mean operative time and the rate of intraoperative transfusion were significantly greater in the PS group than in the AL group (p = 0.009 and 0.015, respectively). However, the mean postoperative hospital stay and the complication rate were similar in the two groups (p = 0.345 and 0.733, respectively). Four patients underwent conversion to open hepatectomy (3.1%), with no difference in the rate of conversion between the two groups (p = 0.323). The complication rate was 18%, and all the patients were managed conservatively without the need for additional surgery. Conclusions  Laparoscopic liver resection, including that for lesions in the posterosuperior part of the liver, is technically feasible and safe. This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare Technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A060299).     

Prone thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation for postsurgical chylothorax

Background  Chylothorax after complex abdominal and thoracic procedures remains a challenging complication with a mortality rate reaching 50% if untreated [1]. Iatrogenic trauma accounts for almost 20% of all chyle leaks, and esophagectomy is the most common iatrogenic cause [2]. Consequences of ongoing chyle leak include dehydration, malnutrition, and immunocompromise. Methods  When nonoperative management techniques fail, prompt ligation of the thoracic duct at the diaphragmatic hiatus should be attempted. The authors present prone thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation performed for two patients after laparoscopic transthoracic esophagectomy and revision paraesophageal hernia repair. Results  The prone position for thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation offers several benefits to the surgeon. Gravity retracts the lung anteriorly, exposing the diaphragmatic hiatus. Single-lumen endotracheal intubation combined with low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation efficiently collapses the lung to create ample working space. For the two reported patients, only three trocars were necessary to complete suture ligation of the thoracic duct via the right chest. Both patients had complete resolution of their chylothorax and recovered uneventfully. Based on this experience, the authors currently advocate early thoracoscopic treatment for cost and morbidity savings. Conclusions  The authors believe prone thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation offers significant advantages to the patient in preventing the dangerous consequences of chyle leak in a timely, minimally invasive fashion. Importantly, the prone technique with carbon dioxide insufflation makes the technical challenges of thoracic duct ligation more facile for the surgeon. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

肠系膜上血管或门静脉受压性胰头部恶性肿瘤根治性胰十二指肠切除术的技巧

目的 探讨肠系膜上血管或门静脉受压性胰头部恶性肿瘤的根治性胰十二指肠切除技巧.方法 在2005年3月至2007年3月,术前采用多排螺旋CT薄层扫描和血管重建技术评估56例肠系膜上血管或门静脉受压性胰头部恶性肿瘤患者的邻近血管是否受侵犯和肿瘤的可切除性;术中运用预置肠系膜上静脉、门静脉、脾静脉三阻断带或四阻断带(附加肠系膜下静脉),以及肠系膜上静脉与肠系膜上动脉交叉牵引下完整切除胰腺钩突部的方法,顺利地完成了56例根治性胰十二指肠切除.结果 术前判断胰腺肿瘤是否侵犯血管和可切除性的准确率分别为98%和100%.56例患者中,37例行三阻断和2例行四阻断后用5-0无创血管缝合线缝合肠系膜上静脉出血点;1例行肠系膜上静脉部分切除修补;手术时间5～8 h;出血量200～600 ml.无术中及术后大出血和胰瘘发生.随访至今,2例患者因肝脏多发性肿瘤转移,分别于术后7个月和9个月死亡.其他54例至今存活良好.结论 术前多排螺旋CT薄层扫描、血管重建技术可较准确地判断胰腺肿瘤是否侵犯血管和是否可根治性切除;采用三阻断或四阻断和肠系膜上血管交叉牵引方法可较顺利地完成肠系膜上血管或门静脉受压性胰头部恶性肿瘤的根治性胰十二指肠切除.     

Laparoscopic Medial-to-lateral Colon Dissection: How and Why

Laparoscopic colectomy is a difficult procedure with a long learning curve. We describe in this study our technique for right- and left-sided laparoscopic medial-to-lateral colectomy. The medial approach involves division of the vascular pedicle first, followed by mobilization of the mesentery toward the abdominal wall, and finally freeing of the colon along the white line of Toldt. This approach allows immediate identification of the plane between the mesocolon and the retroperitoneum and renders the dissection fast and safe. Our series of 50 consecutive laparoscopic colectomies supports this concept. We believe that surgeons familiar with this technique will have an important tool in their armamentarium to circumvent some of the challenges of laparoscopic colectomy.