5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学在急诊护士规培教学中的应用研究

目的 探究5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学在急诊护士规培教学中的应用效果。方法 选取2022年3月至8月在空军军医大学第一附属医院急诊科接受培训的97名护士为研究对象,将2022年3月至5月培训的47名护士设为对照组,2022年6月至8月培训的50名护士设为观察组。对照组采用传统教学,观察组采用5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学进行培训,比较两组护士理论及操作考试成绩、临床护理能力、自我导向学习能力及对教学模式的满意度。采用SPSS 24.0进行独立样本t检验和卡方检验。结果 规范化培训结束后,观察组护士理论考试成绩、操作考试成绩均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士护理行为六维度量表的各维度评分及总分均高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士自我导向学习能力评定量表（self-rating scale of self-directed learning,SRSSDL）中学习意识、学习行为、学习策略、学习评价等维度的评分及量表总分高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护士教学满意度各维度评分及总分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 5E教学模式联合翻转课堂教学适合急诊护士规范化培训,有助于提高急诊护士的临床护理能力和自我导向学习能力,教学满意度较高。     

Development of totally implantable electromechanical artificial heart systems: Baylor ventricular assist system

An implantable electromechanical ventricular assist system (VAS) intended for permanent use has been developed. It consists of a conically shaped pumping chamber, a polyolefin (Hexsyn) rubber diaphragm attached to a conically shaped pusher-plate, and a compact roller-screw actuator. Design stroke volume is 63 ml. The device weighs 620 g, and has a total volume of 348 ml. The pump can provide 8 L/min flow against 120 mm Hg afterload with a preload of 10 mm Hg. The inner surfaces are biolized by dry gelatin coating, with inflow and outflow ports accommodating tissue valves. Three subacute in vivo validation studies have been conducted in calves up to two weeks. The entire system functioned satisfactorily in both the fill/empty and the fixed-rate modes. There was no thromboembolic complication without anticoagulation. The pump showed reasonable anatomical fit inside the left thorax. This VAS is compact, efficient, quiet, and easy to control.     

A factor analytic study of teaching in off-campus general practice clerkships

The Preceptor-evaluation questionnaire (PEQ) was developed at the University of Mississippi Medical Center to evaluate the clinical teaching behaviour of general practice doctors in private practice who have one or more third-year medical students per year in their offices for a required general practice clerkship. The PEQ was designed to provide feedback to these doctors and the sponsoring department in an effort to improve teaching in this setting. Developed from the input of family practice doctors who have supervised students in their offices and from a review of related literature, the instrument was given to students to determine the level of importance they attributed to each teaching characteristic. A principle components factor analysis and subsequent varimax rotation produced six significant teaching factors in this setting. These six factors were:

• 1 demonstrates a humanistic orientation toward patients and staff;
• 2 demonstrates a humanistic orientation toward student;
• 3 provides opportunity for practice;
• 4 motivates and stimulates student's thinking;
• 5 communicates effectively with student; and
• 6 demonstrates comfort and confidence in the roles of doctor and teacher.

The factor relating to the humanistic orientation toward student has not appeared as a separate factor in other studies of clinical teaching. This may be due to the unique aspects of the relationship between student and doctor in this setting which may not occur in other settings. The PEQ and similar reliable and valid instruments can provide valuable information for the doctors in these off-campus teaching situations as well as provide useful programme planning information for the sponsoring academic departments. This information may also be valuable for off-campus residency training.     

从时空观释肾为先天之本--兼与张光霁、李如辉同志商榷

把肾为先天之本简单地理解为代与代之间的关系是错误的，其根源在于对中西医理论的差异缺乏清晰的认识，从而把中医的肾为先天之本混同为西医的遗传。以时空观为视角对中西医理论体系进行了宏观比较，在此基础上对肾为先天之本的深层内涵进行了阐释。     

美国中医学者对国内中医界的期盼

文章指出中国医学流入美国约50年，美国学者对此古老医学非常崇敬，认为中医学有很高的价值，中西医结合是未来医学发展之趋势，中医西医学化，中医新科技化，是大家必须去研讨之路。同时认为，中医要进一步发展必须改进传统观念，以学术科学为主，以传统经典为考，改进而不忘本，中医才能更加发扬光大。     

On Developing Self-concepts: A Controlled Study of Children and Adolescents with Autism

This study employed the self-understanding interview of Damon and Hart (1988) to assess the self-concepts of two groups of children and adolescents: a group of individuals with autism and a group of nonautistic mentally retarded individuals who were matched for age and for verbal ability. On the basis of an hypothesis concerning the interpersonal origins of social and psychological self-concepts (Hobson, 1990; Neisser, 1988), it was predicted that the participants with autism would show a relative dearth of such concepts in their talk about themselves. In accordance with our predictions, there was a significant group difference in the number and quality of statements that fell into the social category of self-concept; contrary to our predictions, however, there was no group difference in the number of statements that fell into the psychological category. In addition, although there were not significant group differences in the overall production of verbally expressed concepts concerning self-attributes of a physical, active, or psychological kind, even within these categories individuals with autism made fewer references to social interactions or qualities. These results are discussed with regard to theories of self-concept development in typically developing as well as autistic and mentally retarded individuals, and with reference to the limitations of interpersonal understanding ("theory of mind") in people with autism.     

以人为本投资健康--再论中国宏观经济与卫生健康

本文在中国经济转型和发展的背景下，分析了在卫生健康领域面临的问题和挑战，指出政府及卫生体系应该积极应对，消除经济增长和对外开放的潜在健康成本，并结合新的发展阶段和发展观，提出了健康与宏观经济协调发展的战略构想和政策建议。     

神经病学临床见习的教学方法

本文从多方面介绍了神经病学临床见习的教学方法,认为临床见习的重点是理论联系实际,促进医学生向医生的转变.     

关于确立和培育医院价值观的思考

医院价值观是医院文化的核心内容,医院价值观应该包括的内容,探讨了医院应当如何确立适合本院特色的价值观,并在此基础上提出了培育医院价值观应该重视的一些环节。     

高中生自我概念与父母教养方式的相关研究

目的探讨高中生自我概念具体维度与父母养育方式之间的关系,为提高高中生的心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用田纳西自我概念量表和父母教养方式评价量表,对沧州市469名高中生进行调查。结果高中生的父母教养方式是影响自我概念形成的重要因素,不同的父母教养方式对子女的自我概念影响不同。对于不同性别高中生而言,自我概念总分、自我认同、自我满意和自我行动主要受同性别父母的情感温暖、理解因子的积极影响和异性别父母的过干涉、过保护和拒绝否认因子的消极影响。结论高中生自我概念主要受父母教养方式中同性别父母正向因子的积极影响和异性别父母负向因子的消极影响。