明胶-聚乳酸载药纳米微球的制备及其体外释药研究

采用复合乳液—溶剂挥发法制得明胶—聚乳酸载五氟脲嘧啶(5—Fu)微球，以混合型乳化剂Tween—80：Span—80＝5：1—作为初乳乳化剂，O—羧甲基壳聚糖作为复乳乳化剂，考察了明胶—聚乳酸载药微球的制备条件对微球的成球性、药物包封率及体外释药的影响。结果表明乳化剂的选择、内部水相药物浓度和PLA分子量等均对载药微球的结构与性能产生影响，经优化条件得到了成球性和体外释放都比较好的载药微球。     

两种不同剂量生长激素在体外受精超排卵中的作用比较

目的　探讨不同剂量生长激素 (GH)在体外受精 -胚胎移植 (IVF -ET)中 ,对低反应患者超排卵周期的作用。方法　前一IVF周期卵巢低反应的患者 30例 ,她们在前一周期采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂 (GnRH -a)和促性腺激素(Gn)治疗 ,本周期采用GnRH -a、Gn、GH(两种不同剂量 )治疗 ,比较两种不同剂量生长激素的作用。结果　两种剂量生长激素均可提高受精率 ,增加优质胚胎数 ,提高妊娠率 ,且不同剂量生长激素间的作用无显著差异。结论　生长激素在IVF超排卵中有辅助作用 ,且不同剂量作用无显著差异     

Local injection of a mixture of beta-aminopropionitril fumarate and sodium hyaluronate together with controlled exercise for treatment of subacute superficial digital flexor tendonitis in horses

Local injection of a mixture of beta-aminopropionitril fumarate (BAPN-f) and sodium hyaluronate (NaH⁺) together with controlled exercise were evaluated for treatment of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) injuries in horses. Fourteen mixed breed horses with subacute SDF tendon injuries in forelimbs were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received BAPN-f (0.7 mg/ml) and the other received NaH⁺ (10 mg/ml) all by intratendinous injection. Controlled exercise started during the first week after intratendinous treatment and continued for 12 weeks. Cross-sectional area (CSA) of the SDFT, diameter of the SDFT, and relative area of the lesion (presence of CSA) were measured by ultrasonographic examination. Lesions were semiquantitatively graded for echogenicity on a scale of 0 to 4. The lesion severity in CSA was significantly reduced by BAPN and NaH compared to those horses treated by BAPN only (p < 0.05). Lesion echogenicity score was significantly higher in horses treated with BAPN and NaH⁺ at day 0 compared to horses treated with BAPN (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, lesion echogenicity score was significantly reduced in the horses treated with BAPN and NaH⁺ compared to horses treated by BAPN only (p < 0.05). According to the results of the present study, a combination of BAPN-f and NaH⁺ has a greater beneficial effect on tendon healing and remodeling in horses, as assessed by sonographic examination, compared to treatment with single drugs.     

Controlled Release of the Indomethacin Microencapsulation Based on Layer-by-layer Assembly by Polyelectrolyte Multilayers

Indomethacin has been encapsulated with polyelectrolyte multilayers for controlled release. Gelatin and alginate were alternatively deposited on indomethacin microcrystals. The released amount of indomethacin from coated microcrystals in pH6. 8 phosphate buffer solution （PBS） was measured with a UV spectrophometer. The polyelectrolyte multilayer capsule thickness was proved to control the release rate. The effects of osmotic pressure existed during the release process of indomethacin from microcapsules coated by （gelatin/alginate） 4.     

立体定向治疗中靶心定位的算法

本文介绍了在立体定向放射神经外科中，根据病人配戴头环和ＣＴ定标架作ＣＴ扫描所得的ＣＴ断层图像或配戴ＡＶＭ定位箱做血管造影得到的两张Ｘ光片确定病人颅内病灶的三维坐标的方法。     

新型控释化疗系统的基础研究

研究一种新型的控释化疗系统聚-二聚酸一葵二酸一阿霉索(P(DA—SA)-阿霉索(在脑组织内的相容性、体内外释药特性及体外抑瘤特性。将空载体P(DA—SA)分别植入实验动物脑内，观察局部反应；用紫外线光谱测定P(DA—SA)-阿霉素在磷酸盐缓冲液及兔脑内的控释特性；流式细胞仪检测P(DA—SA)-阿霉索诱发的胶质瘤细胞株的凋亡。P(DA—SA)在兔脑内引起的反应较轻，与明胶海绵相比无明显差异。P(DA—SA)-阿霉素在体内外释药速率稳定，控释时间达3周。控释剂组的胶质瘤细胞凋亡率达69．9％，与对照组有明显差异。P(DA—SA)具有良好的组织相容性，P(DA—SA)-阿霉索控释剂在体内外的控释效果理想，杀伤效应明显，该控释化疗系统有很好的临床应用价值。     

Chitosan hydrogel as a drug delivery carrier to control angiogenesis

An aqueous solution of photocrosslinkable chitosan containing azide groups and lactose moieties (Az-CH-LA) incorporating paclitaxel formed an insoluble hydrogel within 30 s of ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation. The chitosan hydrogel showed strong potential for use as a new tissue adhesive in surgical applications and wound dressing. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 molecules retained in the chitosan hydrogel and in an injectable chitosan/IO₄-heparin hydrogel remain biologically active, and were gradually released from the hydrogels as they biodegraded in vivo. The controlled release of biologically active FGF-2 molecules from the hydrogels caused induction of angiogenesis and collateral circulation occurred in healing-impaired diabetic (db/db) mice and in the ischemic limbs of rats. Paclitaxel, which is an antitumor reagent, was also retained in the chitosan hydrogel and remained biologically active as it was released on degradation of the hydrogel in vivo. The chitosan hydrogels incorporating paclitaxel effectively inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis in mice. The purpose of this review is to describe the effectiveness of chitosan hydrogel as a local drug delivery carrier for agents (e.g., FGF-2 and paclitaxel) to control angiogenesis. It is thus proposed that chitosan hydrogel may be a promising new local carrier for drugs such as FGF-2 and paclitaxel to control vascularization.     

Dexamethasone loaded bioresorbable films used in medical support devices: structure, degradation, crystallinity and drug release

Bioresorbable polymer films containing dexamethasone (DM) were prepared using a solution processing technique. Investigation of the films focused on cumulative DM release as affected by film morphology (drug location/dispersion in the film) and degradation processes. Two film structures were studied: A-type, a polymer film with large drug crystals located on the film’s surface, and B-type, a polymer film with small drug particles and crystals distributed within the bulk. The effect of the polymer’s degree of crystallinity on the drug release profile was also studied. Prototypical applications of these films are biodegradable medical support devices which combine mechanical support with drug release. In most of our studied systems the drug release profile from the film is determined mainly by both drug location/dispersion in the film and the polymer’s weight loss rate. All release profiles from A-type films exhibited a burst effect of approximately 30%, accompanied by a second release phase at a constant rate, whereas the release profiles from B-type films were determined mainly by the degradation profile of the host polymer, and did not exhibit any burst effect. A high degree of crystallinity is important for the current application, since good mechanical properties are required. This contributes to slower drug release rates, mainly at relatively low weight losses, whereas at high weight losses, where a porous structure is created, the crystallinity almost does not affect the rate of drug release. The shape of the porous structure that develops with degradation also affects the drug release profile from the B-type films.     

A double-blind study on the effect of discontinuation of gold therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Summary To assess the benefit of further gold treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had already received more than 6 g of this metal, 24 such patients were included in a double-blind trial. Besides this gold group comprising 11 patients who received gold (Auromyose^®) in the same dosage schedule as before the study, the trial included a placebo group comprising 13 patients who received gold in a suspension diluted 1/100. In either group clinical, laboratory, and radiological data did not differ after 6 and 24 months in relation to the results at entry except for the serum gold concentrations, which were lower in the placebo group. We conclude that discontinuation of the treatment in RA patients who have received more than 6 g gold is not harmful to the patients for at least two years after withdrawal.     

Effects of ethanol on murine aggression assessed by biting of an inanimate target

The effects of acutely administered ethanol (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, IP) were studied in a tube-restraint/target biting model of aggressive responding using naive group-and individually-housed male Swiss mice. Behavioural measures were the latency to the first bite and the biting frequency. In saline-injected control animals, the levels of responding were significantly higher in group-housed than isolated mice. Animals given alcohol exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of biting frequency, and an increase in biting latency. Mice experienced in the tube-testing situation showed reduced baseline levels of biting, but alcohol produced similar effects to those in naive mice. There was no evidence of a biphasic action of alcohol.