工作场所空气中叔丁醇的检测方法

目的:建立一种适用于工作场所空气中叔丁醇的检测方法。方法:用活性碳管吸附采集空气中的叔丁醇,用5%异丙醇的二硫化碳解吸,Innowax-213(30 m×0.32 mm×0.5μm)的毛细管柱分离叔丁醇后检测。结果:方法的线性范围为0~3100μg/ml,其相关系数r=0.9999;叔丁醇的检出限为3.1μg/ml。每100 mg活性碳的穿透容量为7.4 mg;在空气中叔丁醇含量在该穿透容量范围内,采样效率大于95.0%。叔丁醇在活性碳管里贮存稳定,在7 d内稳定效果好,解吸效率均在90%以上。结论:此方法的指标达到了工作场所空气中毒物检测方法的研究规范要求,适用于工作场所空气中叔丁醇的检测。     

Repeated administration of diphenyl ditelluride induces hematological disorders in rats.

In the present study, we investigated potential toxic effects of diphenyl ditelluride, as measured by biochemical and hematological parameters. Rats were given a daily dose of 0.3 micromol/kg diphenyl ditelluride by subcutaneous route and sacrificed at different times (24 and 48 h). Hepatic and renal TBARS levels were changed by diphenyl ditelluride exposure at the dose 0.9 micromol/Kg in rats. Diphenyl ditelluride exposure demonstrated an increase in AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) activities. Plasma creatinine and urea levels increase after diphenyl ditelluride exposure. Diphenyl ditelluride also produced a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. In contrast, this compound, at all doses tested, induced a marked increase in total leukocyte counts. The present study suggests that diphenyl ditelluride induces hematological disorders and provides evidence for renal and hepatic toxicity in rats.     

Garlic oil ameliorates ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced damage and tumor promotion: implications for cancer prevention.

Intraperitoneal injection of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) to rats and mice results in iron-induced free radical injury and cancer in kidneys. This study was designed to investigate the effects of garlic oil on Fe-NTA-induced damage and tumor promotion. Pretreatment of rats with garlic oil at a dose regimen of 50-100 mg/kg body weight for a week significantly and dose dependently protected against Fe-NTA induced damage as well as tumor promotion. Garlic oil afforded protection against hepatic lipid peroxidation, generation of hydrogen peroxide, preserved glutathione levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes. A protection against Fe-NTA induced hepatic tumor promotion was also apparent as inhibition in the modulation of hepatic tumor markers viz., ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis. These results clearly demonstrate the role of oxidative stress and its relation to tumor promotion and suggest protective effects of garlic oil against Fe-NTA induced hepatic toxicity and it can serve as potent chemopreventive agent to suppress oxidant-induced tissue injury and carcinogenesis.     

血清总胆汁酸在判断肝损害中的诊断意义

目的评价血清总胆汁酸在各类肝胆疾病中的诊断价值。方法采用BECKMAN CX9全自动生化仪测定健康对照及各类肝胆疾病患者血清中的TBA、ALT、ALP。结果血清总胆汁酸在各种肝病中均有很高的阳性率,TBA阳性率显著高于ALT和ALP。结论血清总胆汁酸对各类肝胆疾病有很高的诊断价值,是肝实质性损伤的灵敏指标。     

Mogrosides extract from Siraitia grosvenori scavenges free radicals in vitro and lowers oxidative stress,serum glucose,and lipid levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

This study evaluated the supplementation of a mogrosides extract (MG) from fruits of Siraitia grosvenori on reducing oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The oxygen free radical scavenging activity of MG was also assessed in vitro. After induction of diabetes, a significant increase in the levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as a reduction in the level of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with diminution of the corresponding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase, were observed in all diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with MG (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg ) for 4 weeks significantly decreased serum glucose, TC, TG, and hepatic MDA levels (P < .05), whereas it increased serum HDL-C level and reactivated the hepatic antioxidant enzymes (P < .05) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (P < .05). The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidative activities of MG (100 mg/kg treatment) were all higher compared with all other diabetic groups and were similar to that observed for XiaoKeWan-pill (894 mg/kg; Guangzhou Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China), a Chinese traditional antidiabetic drug. Antioxidant capacity evaluated in vitro showed that MG and mogroside V, which was the main component of MG, possessed strong oxygen free radical scavenging activities. These results demonstrate that the extract may have capacity to inhibiting hyperglycemia induced by diabetes, and the data suggest that administration of the extract may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. We conclude that the extract should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.     

Evaluation of the toxicity of 3-allyl-beta-lapachone against Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream forms

In vitro incubation of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain) with 3-allyl-beta-lapachone was followed by: (1) growth inhibition of epimastigotes, (2) damage to cellular membranes, especially of the mitochondria, alterations in the chromatin structure and swelling of mitochondria, (3) increase in the respiratory rate, (4) increase in the rate of H2O2 generation by the epimastigotes, (5) increase of the rate of lipid peroxidation as detected by malonyldialdehyde formation, (6) decrease or total disappearance of trypomastigotes from mouse-infected blood. This drug might therefore be useful in preventing transmission of Chagas' disease during blood transfusion. It is not, however, active against infections in mice.     

Lipoperoxide level of the retina of chick embryo exposed to high concentration of oxygen

To approach the mechanism of degeneration of the retina in retinopathy of prematurity, a model experiment using chick embryo was carried out. Upon exposing chick embryo at various stages to a high concentration of oxygen at 2 atm pressure, lipoperoxide levels of both the blood and the retina were elevated. The change in lipoperoxide level of the liver was not significant, except for a slight increase at the 9th day of incubation. Upon exposing chick embryo of the 14th day to high concentration of oxygen at ambient pressure, lipoperoxide levels of both the blood and the retina were elevated at 6 h and 12 h of exposure, but significant change was not observed in the lipoperoxide level of the liver.     

Diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid is unsuitable for long-term preservation of RBCs

BACKGROUND: The addition of an appropriate metal chelator, such as diethylenetriaminopentaacetic acid (DTPA) to stored blood has been shown to be effective in a short-term (0-12 days) prevention of lipid peroxidation of stored RBCS: However, its long-term effectiveness has not been carefully evaluated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood was preserved in simulated blood bank conditions with or without the addition of DTPA for 4 weeks. Aliquots of stored blood were taken weekly from the storage bag and the deformability profile was determined using a custom-built laser viscodiffractometer. Malondialdehyde (MDA), an index of lipid peroxidation, and the extent of vesiculation of the stored blood were quantified concurrently. RESULTS: It was found that MDA values for DTPA-supplemented blood at the end of a 28-day storage period were significantly elevated compared with the DTPA-free counterpart (23.50 +/- 3.2 vs. 16.10 +/- 2.5 microM; p<0.05). In addition, DTPA-supplemented blood was more susceptible to vesiculation than its DTPA-free counterpart (31.26 +/- 4.1 vs. 10.26 +/- 1.5% of acetyl cholinesterase release, p<0.001). These data are also in accordance with the finding of the deformability profile result, indicating that DTPA-supplemented blood exhibits not only a decrease in deformability index, but also a tendency to shift the profile to a lower osmolality compared with that of controls (a dehydration phenomenon). CONCLUSION: Long-term (0-28 days) preservation of human RBCs with DTPA caused a gradual increase in MDA production, a progressive enhancement of the severity of vesiculation, and an alteration in the deformability profile. Free-radical-mediated oxidative damage is likely to be the culprit for this observed phenomenon. In addition, the direct effect of DTPA on RBC structural integrity must be considered.     

慢性肝炎血清总胆汁酸水平与肝组织炎症程度的关系

为了解血清总胆汁酸 (TBA)水平与肝实质病变的关系。对 10 2例慢性肝炎患者作肝活检 ,观察肝组织分级纤维化分期 ,并检测血清TBA、常规肝功白蛋白 (Alb)、总胆红素 (TBil)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)。肝组织炎症轻度(G1-2 ,S0 -2 )、中度 (G3 ,S1-3 )、重度 (G4S4)的TBA水平 (x±s)分别在 (16 74± 13 34) μmol/L、(72 2 5± 6 8 4 9)μmol/L和 (186 34± 96 18) μmol/L ,呈重度 >中度 >轻度状态。轻度组与中度组及中度与重度组比较均为P <0 0 1。慢性肝炎血清TBA水平与肝组织炎症程度具有良好正比关系。对估计肝实质病变程度具有重要临床价值。     

片仔癀胶囊联合替诺福韦治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的临床研究

目的探讨片仔癀胶囊联合富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯片治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎的临床疗效。方法选择2017年4月—2020年4月在安阳市第五人民医院治疗102例慢性乙型病毒性肝炎患者,根据住院序号分成对照组(51例)和治疗组(51例)。对照组患者口服富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯片,300 mg/次,1次/d;治疗组患者在对照组基础上口服片仔癀胶囊,0.6 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均经4个月治疗。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者HBV-DNA和HBeAg转阴率,肝功能指标丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)和总胆汁酸(TBA),血清趋化因子配体-13(CXCL-13)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、IL-37、肺泡巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)和巨噬细胞炎症因子-1β(MIP-1β)水平及PSQI、CLDQ和MADRS评分。结果治疗后,对照组总有效率为82.35%,显著低于治疗组的98.04%(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组HBV-DNA和HBeAg转阴率均高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者肝功能指标ALT、AST、TBIL、TBA显著降低(P0.05),且治疗组降低更明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清CXCL-13、IL-17、IL-37、MIF、MIP-1β水平均显著改善(P0.05),以治疗组改善最明显(P0.05)。治疗后,两组PSQI评分、CLDQ评分、MADRS评分均显著改善(P0.05),以治疗组改善最明显(P0.05)。结论片仔癀胶囊联合富马酸替诺福韦二吡呋酯片治疗慢性乙型病毒性肝炎可促进患者肝功能恢复,促使HBV-DNA、HBeAg转阴,有利于提高患者睡眠质量,改善患者负面情绪。