经睫状体平坦部行颞上或鼻下Baerveldt青光眼植入术的短期临床疗效比较

目的:研究并探讨Baerveldt青光眼植入术(BGI)的不同植入部位对眼压(IOP)的影响。方法:对日本Toho大学Sakura医疗中心接受BGI治疗的新生血管性青光眼的病例进行回顾性分析。所有患者分为两组:颞上植入组(16例患者18眼,其中男性13例,女性3例;平均年龄62.9±14.4岁)和鼻下植入组(15例患者17眼,其中男性11例,女性4例;平均年龄56.9±10.7岁)。术后12mo随访复查。比较两组术后12mo与术前相比的眼压降低率。结果:颞上植入组:术前平均IOP为31.1±10.0 mmHg,术后平均IOP为14.4±4.5 mmHg;鼻下植入组:术前平均IOP为34.9±9.7 mmHg,术后平均IOP为15.9±3.7 mmHg。颞上植入组IOP降低率为(50.0±19.0)%,鼻下植入组降低率为(51.2±16.3)%。两组间无显著统计学差异(t-test,P=0.590)。结论:经睫状体平坦部行颞上或鼻下BGI的短期临床疗效无差异。     

Assessment of the differences in the short-term clinical outcomes of superotemporal and inferonasal Baerveldt glaucoma implantation surgeries performed via the pars plana route

AIM: To investigate and discover whether different insertion areas for Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) surgery produce different outcomes in terms of the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS: This retrospective study involved the review of cases of patients admitted at Toho University Sakura Medical Center, who underwent BGI surgery via the pars plana route for the treatment of neovascular glaucoma. The patients were divided into two groups: the superotemporal insertion group [18 eyes in 16 subjects (13 males, 3 females; mean age 62.9±14.4y)] and the inferonasal insertion group [17 eyes in 15 subjects (11 males, 4 females; mean age 56.9±10.7y)]. The patients were followed up and re-evaluated at 12mo. The IOP reduction rate 12mo after surgery relative to preoperative IOP was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean preoperative IOP was 31.1±10.0 mm Hg and postoperative IOP was 14.4±4.5 mm Hg in the superotemporal group, whereas for the inferonasal group, the mean preoperative IOP was 34.9±9.7 mm Hg and postoperative IOP was 15.9±3.7 mm Hg. The IOP reduction rate of the superotemporal group was 50.0%±19.0% and that of the inferonasal group was 51.2%±16.3%. There was no significant correlation between the two groups (Student’s t-test, P=0.590). CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the short-term clinical outcomes between superotemporal and inferonasal BGI performed via the pars plana route.     

腹膜后入踣手术治疗胰腺坏死并感染的安全性及疗效分析

目的 探讨腹膜后入路手术治疗胰腺坏死并感染的方法、安全性及疗效.方法 分析2008年1月至2013年3月9例重症急性胰腺炎（serious acute pancreatitis,SAP）发生胰腺坏死并感染在局麻或者全麻下实施了腹膜后入路胰腺坏死组织清除引流术患者的临床资料.5例经过1次手术,4例经过2次手术;8例首次手术为双侧清除引流,1例为单侧.结果 术后患者全身中毒症状迅速缓解,无任何并发症发生,首次手术时间60～80 min,平均（73±5.7） min,随访期间8例患者症状均完全消失,无复发,1例患者于术后6周死于心肌梗塞.结论 对于重症急性胰腺炎发生胰腺坏死并感染的患者,腹膜后入路行胰腺坏死组织清除引流术是直接、安全、有效、可行的治疗方法.     

两种不同途径胆道金属支架植入治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸的对比研究

目的 比较经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)途径与经皮肝胆管引流术(PTCD)途径胆道金属支架植入治疗恶性阻塞性黄疸(MOJ)的临床效果.方法 选取2010年6月-2015年6月行胆道金属支架植入治疗的MOJ患者136例,其中经ERCP途径53例(ERCP组),经PTCD途径83例(PTCD组).比较两组的手术成功率、有效率、术后并发症发生率、住院时间及手术费用.结果 ①低位梗阻中ERCP组和PTCD组的手术成功率分别为97.7％和95.8％,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);高位梗阻中ERCP组的手术成功率明显低于PTCD组(77.8％和98.3％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);②ERCP组和PTCD组总有效率分别为(88.7％和90.3％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);低位梗阻中ERCP组有效率明显高于PTCD组(93.2％和83.3％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高位梗阻中ERCP组有效率明显低于PTCD组(66.7％和93.2％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③ERCP组总并发症发生率明显低于PTCD组(7.5％和15.7％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);低位梗阻中和ERCP组并发症发生率低于PTCD组(4.5％和29.2％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高位梗阻中ERCP组并发症发生率明显高于PTCD组(22.2％和10.2％),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);④ERCP组和PTCD组住院时间分别为(13.67±.2.25)d和(19.75±3.78)d,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);ERCP组PTCD组的手术花费分别为(23 764.23±2 437.76)元和(24 863.45±2 983.37)元,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 经ERCP和经PTCD途径胆道金属支架植入治疗MOJ均可取得显著的临床疗效,对于低位梗阻患者而言经ERCP更有优势,对于高位梗阻患者而言经PTCD途径更有优势.     

The impact of exposure route for class-based compounds: a comparative approach of lethal toxicity data in rodent models

Relationships of toxicities from intravenous (i.v.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and intragastric (i.g.) exposure routes to mice were investigated. Regression analysis showed that the toxicities from i.v. route is strongly correlated with i.p. and s.c. routes, but poorly with i.g. route. Close toxicities from different routes for some compounds indicate that distribution rate is the determining step and dictates chemical concentration at the target site(s). On the other hand, the absorption rate is the determining step for many compounds, which lead to different toxicities between exposure routes. The classified compounds characterized as having either absorption or distribution rate determining step were based upon the comparison of toxicities from the different routes. We found that some aliphatic acids and benzoic acids have lower toxicity values from i.g. route compared to an i.v. route because of poor absorption. Many compounds show low toxic effects from i.g. route than those from other routes because of the first-pass metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in the poor relationship for toxicities between i.g. and i.v. or other routes. Stepwise regression analysis showed that physicochemical properties of a compound, such as molecular volume, polarizability and hydrophobicity, significantly affect adsorption rate, which leads to different toxicities based upon exposure routes. Comparison of the toxicities between mice and rats indicate that toxic effect and the toxicokinetic processes in mice are very similar to that in rats. A universal correlation equation has been developed for the toxicities between rats and mice from different exposure routes, which can be applied to predict toxicities across species.     

腹壁切口疝并发肠梗阻的易感因素分析及防治措施

目的探讨腹壁切口疝并发肠梗阻的易感因素及防治措施。 方法选取2013年2月至2018年10月,甘肃省人民医院收治的52例腹壁切口疝患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其临床资料,根据患者术后是否并发肠梗阻分为发生肠梗阻组（30例）与未发生肠梗阻组（22例）。比较2组患者一般资料及围术期相关指标,筛选出肠梗阻发生的易感因素,总结其防治措施。 结果发生肠梗阻组与未发生肠梗阻组在性别、是否合并急慢性支气管炎、是否合并前列腺炎方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组在年龄、手术类型、术前营养状况、切口类型、愈合类型、合并腹水及合并便秘者方面比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。发生肠梗阻组患者经治疗后腹痛消失时间为（3.40±1.78）d、腹胀消失时间为（4.24±1.57）d、排气时间为（5.96±1.61）d、进食流质时间为（6.95±2.02）d、胃肠减压引流量为（315.21±106.52）ml/d、平均住院时间为（14.59±2.63）d。 结论腹壁切口疝并发肠梗阻的易感因素为男性、合并急慢性支气管炎或前列腺炎,但肠梗阻经及时干预治疗后患者症状及体征均得以显著改善,提示重视易感因素的控制、及早给予治疗是防治肠梗阻的关键。     

结直肠肿瘤患者手术分离易感菌株的药物敏感性分析

目的:对不同手术方式组中分离的易感菌株的药物敏感性进行分析,并根据结果为临床提供选择围术期预防性应用抗菌药物方案,以减少耐药率,降低术后手术部位感染(SSI)的发生率。方法:对我院结直肠外科164例患者分离的易感菌株,用VITEK-32全自动微生物分析系统进行菌种鉴定,按临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)制定的指导原则进行药物敏感性试验及结果判断。通过分析不同手术方式及不同细菌来源的药物敏感性情况,对药物敏感性试验结果进行统计和分析。结果:革兰阴性菌中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)菌株占33.2%(115/346),以产ESBL大肠埃希菌为主,占43.4%(96/221)。在组织黏膜、腹腔液、引流液3组样本分离的大肠埃希菌株药物敏感性试验结果总体显示:对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、碳青霉烯类、含β-内酰胺酶药物敏感率较高,引流液分离菌株敏感率均在80%~100%。结论:样本主要分离以大肠埃希菌为主的革兰阴性菌,大肠埃希菌耐药率在3组样本中逐次增高与产ESBL大肠埃希菌分离率增加有关,产ESBL大肠埃希菌对第1—4代头孢菌素如头孢吡肟耐药率高,对阿米卡星、头孢西丁、含β-内酰胺酶药如哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南等碳青霉素类药敏感率较高。建议临床把现常用的第3代头孢菌素改用能同时覆盖肠杆菌科细菌和厌氧菌的头孢西丁等头霉素类药作为围术期预防用药品种。考虑手术部位存在厌氧菌株,必要时或与甲硝唑联用加强抗厌氧菌感染。     

Direct access to a hospital offering intravenous thrombolysis therapy improves functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke patients

Referral from other hospitals is one of the primary causes of delayed thrombolysis therapy after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). We aimed to evaluate whether direct access to a hospital offering intravenous thrombolysis therapy was associated with good functional outcome in AIS patients treated with thrombolysis. We enrolled patients who received intravenous thrombolysis within 3 hours of symptom onset at our stroke center. We divided these patients into two groups: those with a direct admission to our stroke center and those with indirect admission by referral from other community hospitals. We investigated onset-to-door time and onset-to-recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) time according to admission mode. We then assessed the association between a direct admission and favorable outcome at 90 days. A total of 232 patients (mean age of 66.6 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 10) were included. A total of 48.7% of AIS patients treated with intravenous thrombolytic therapy were transferred from other hospitals. Patients who were directly admitted to our stroke center had a shorter onset-to-door time (61 versus 120 minutes, p < 0.001) and onset-to-rtPA time (103 versus 155 minutes, p < 0.001) than those referred from other hospitals. Direct admission was associated with a good outcome with an odds ratio of 2.03 (95% confidence interval 1.051–3.917, p = 0.035), after adjusting for baseline variables. Thrombolysis after direct admission to a hospital offering intravenous thrombolysis therapy could shorten onset-to-rtPA time and improve stroke outcome in patients with AIS.     

三种途径子宫切除术治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床效果分析

目的比较腹腔镜子宫切除术（LH）、阴式子宫切除术（TVH）与经腹子宫切除术（A11）治疗子宫内膜异位症的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2008年10月至2013年10月于解放军总医院诊断为子宫内膜异位症并行全子宫切除术治疗的232例患者临床资料、其中94例行LH（LH组）,85例行TVH（TVH组）,53例行AH（AH组）。对3组的术前一般情况、临床表现、手术结局及术后并发症等进行比较、结果LH、TVH与AH组手术时间分别为（160±43）、（116±30）和（213±31）min,m血量分别为（295±203）、（112±87）及（856±529）ml,组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后件院时间分别为（6．2±2．0）、（7．1±4．6）及（9．4±3．3）d,AH组分别与LH组及TVH组组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后发热发生率、脏器损伤率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论TVH具有创伤小、住院时间短等优点,在术者经验丰富、充分掌握手术技巧的前提下,对于盆腔粘连严重的子宫内膜异位症患者来说呵能是最好的选择。     

2011—2013年312例医院抗感染类药物不良反应分析

目的分析抗感染类药物的不良反应与药物种类和给药途径的关系,为临床抗感染类药物的安全使用提供参考。方法回顾性分析2011—2013年右江民族医学院附属医院发生抗感染类药物不良反应患者312例,统计药物不良反应的主要类型,并分析患者发生不良反应与药物的种类和给药途径的关系。结果临床患者抗感染药物不良反应的类型主要为皮肤损害症状、消化系统症状以及神经系统症状,发生率分别为50.96%、20.83%、9.94%;发生不良反应的抗感染类药物前3位为头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类和复方类,发生率分别为32.37%、18.27%、14.42%;发生不良反应前3种途径分别为静滴、口服、肌注,其发生率分别为86.22%、10.90%、2.24%。结论在临床进行抗感染治疗时,应充分了解药物的不良反应,选择恰当用药方式,医护工作者应密切关注患者情况,防止不良反应的发生。