中国成年居民营养补充剂的消费现状

目的:分析我国成年居民使用营养补充剂的现状,为有针对性地制定干预策略和相关政策提供基础资料。方法:使用2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查数据,对53159名18岁及以上居民的营养补充剂使用率及其中钙制品、铁剂、维生素和其他保健食品的使用率进行分析。结果:我国18岁及以上居民营养补充剂的使用率为5.1%,其中钙制品、铁剂、维生素和其他保健食品的使用率分别为3.4%、1.3%、2.4%和2.2%。营养补充剂的使用率表现为城市高于农村,女性高于男性,60岁及以上年龄组、45-59岁年龄组、18-44岁年龄组使用率依次降低。结论:我国成年居民中使用营养补充剂尚不普遍。     

174例手术患者抗菌药物应用的调查分析

目的了解手术科室抗菌药物的应用,进一步规范手术科室正确使用抗菌药物. 方法随机抽查进行手术的外科病例174份,调查其抗菌药物应用的情况. 结果所有被调查的病例均使用了抗菌药物,其中预防用药占84.48%,术前1 h内给药者占预防用药的36.73%,治疗用药占15.52%;抗菌药物的疗程为1～27 d,多数病例为4～12 d,术后预防用药最长22 d,Ⅰ类切口多为4～7 d,Ⅱ类切口4～12 d;多数病例为单用或二联;共用品种多为1～2种,最多达8种;用药频数从高到低前7位依次为头孢呋辛、左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星、青霉素G、甲硝唑、阿莫西林,头孢唑林;预防用药排位:头孢呋辛、左氧氟沙星、青霉素G、阿米卡星、美洛西林、甲硝唑;部分病例应用三代头孢预防手术部位的感染. 结论手术科室普遍采用抗菌药物预防手术部位的感染,但严格按围手术期预防用药原则应用者少、手术后预防用药的时间长、选用的品种起点高、存在不必要的联用等,必须加强围手术期抗菌药物应用的管理.     

Early-Adulthood Weight Change and Later Physical Activity in Relation to Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: NHANES 1999–2014

Limited evidence investigated the combined influence of early-adulthood weight change and later physical activity on the risk of cardiovascular (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The aim of this study is to explore the associations of early-adulthood weight change and later physical activity with CVD and all-cause mortality. This is a cohort study of 23,193 US adults aged 40 to 85 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2014. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CVD and all-cause mortality associated with early-adulthood weight change and later physical activity. During a median follow-up of 9.2 years, there were 533 and 2734 cases of CVD and all-cause deaths. Compared with being physically inactive, the HRs of the CVD mortality of being physically active were 0.44 (0.26 to 0.73), 0.58 (0.19 to 1.82), 0.38 (0.17 to 0.86) and 0.46 (0.21 to 1.02) among individuals with stable normal, stable obese, non-obese to obese and maximum overweight early-adulthood weight change patterns. Using stable normal patterns that were physically active later as the reference, other early-adulthood weight change patterns did not show a significantly higher risk of CVD mortality when participants were physically active in later life; later physically inactive participants had a significantly increased risk of CVD mortality, with HRs of 2.17 (1.30 to 3.63), 5.32 (2.51 to 11.28), 2.59 (1.29 to 5.18) and 2.63 (1.32 to 5.26) in the stable normal, stable obese, non-obese to obese and maximum overweight groups, respectively. Similar results can be seen in the analyses for all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that inadequate physical activity worsens the negative impact of unhealthy early-adulthood weight change patterns, which is worthy of being noted in the improvement of public health.     

Endoscopist-Driven Sedation Practices in South Korea: Re-evaluation Considering the Nationwide Survey in 2019

Background/AimsThis study aimed to determine changes in endoscopist-driven sedation practices 5 years after the first nationwide survey in 2014 by the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (KSGE).MethodsA 59-item survey covering current practices was electronically mailed to all members of the KSGE in 2019.ResultsIn total, 955 (12.8%) out of 7,486 questionnaires were returned. A total of 738 (77.7%) out of 955 respondents attended dedicated sedation education programs. The American Society of Anesthesiologists class was recorded by 464 (51.2%) out of 907 respondents. The recording rate was higher in respondents who completed sedation education (p=0.014) and worked in general or tertiary hospitals (p<0.001). Compared to that reported in the previous survey, the reported use of propofol was higher in 2019. The respondents had higher satisfaction scores for propofol-based sedation compared with midazolam monotherapy (p<0.001). The rates of oxygen supplementation (p<0.001) and oxygen saturation level monitoring (p<0.001) during sedative endoscopy were higher in 2019 than in the previous survey. A total of 876 (98.4%) out of 890 respondents reported a separate recovery bay, and 615 (70.5%) out of 872 respondents reported that personnel were assigned solely to the recovery bay.ConclusionsEndoscopist-driven sedation and monitoring practices in 2019 were significantly different than those in 2014. The respondents favored propofol-based sedation and utilized oxygen supplementation and monitoring of O₂ saturation more frequently in 2019 than in 2014. (Gut Liver, Published online August 1, 2022)     

Is present pharmacy education adapted to needs? Survey results from young practitioner views regarding pharmacy education outcome towards a national reform in Hungary

BackgroundThe pharmacist career is constantly adapting to societal and health care needs. The past decade has seen a growing demand for curricular development to align graduation outcome with workforce competencies.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify expectations for both didactic and experiential components of a new curriculum based on young pharmacist practitioner views.MethodsAn online survey questionnaire was used in 2019–2020 to evaluate the pharmacy curriculum to detect indicators or key areas which require comprehensive reform.ResultsThe predominant majority of the 205 study participants recommended reduction in credit hours for Natural Sciences (78.54%) and a similar increase in the Theoretical and Practical Expertise Module (77.9%). Pharmaceutical care, clinical therapeutics and clinical pharmacy competencies should also be more highlighted in the program. Findings indicate the current training does not prepare for problem-solving and daily workplace challenges (72.7%) or for extended pharmacist skills and competencies (71.71%). Results show inconsistency in practical training experience, as all respondents participated in practical training for drug manufacturing and analysis but 61.0% reported no hands-on skills training in a hospital-clinical simulation setting. Indications for practitioner involvement into the natural sciences and biomedical subjects (86.3%) confirm the obvious need for more practice-oriented education.ConclusionsEducational reforms seem to be inevitable to achieve measurable improvement in professional practice and skills competency. The country specific demand for a needs-based pharmacy education reflects global trends but may also provide useful insights for individual transitions to transform education through practice and improve practice through education.     

舟山地区部队官兵贫血的流行病学调查

目的了解舟山地区部队官兵贫血的检出情况。方法运用整群抽样方法,采集陆、海军男性官兵的静脉血2mL,检测血红蛋白（Hb）,并开展问卷调查。结果 444名受检官兵的Hb为（144.4±12.1）g/L,Hb〈120g/L的男性共5名,贫血检出率为1.1%,1例为中度贫血。问卷调查表中与血液系统疾病相关的10项自觉症状中,乏力、烦躁最多见;与消化系统疾病相关的10项自觉症状中,食欲不振最多见,且贫血官兵均有不同程度的不良饮食习惯。结论舟山地区部队官兵的贫血检出率较低,但中度贫血被检出;贫血官兵均有不同的不良饮食习惯;乏力、烦躁等自觉症状的发生,有助于贫血的早期诊断与治疗;消化系统自觉症状与贫血的相互关系值得进一步探讨。     

罗湖区某高中学生家长营养知信行调查研究

目的：本研究主要在对高中学生开展营养健康教育前后,进行学生家长营养知信行方面调查研究,分析家长的营养相关知信行,以及为对家长营养相关知识宣传和中学生开展营养健康教育的必要性和提供科学依据。方法：整体随机抽样法,于2012年1月—2013年6月,在选定学校一个年级的高中学生家长进行干预前后对照。结果：调查对象总体知识知晓率干预前为70.7%,干预后73.6%。家长的超重肥胖比例高达30%左右,干预前后,家长对学生的要求最多的是“会要求多吃蔬菜水果和不吸烟、不喝酒”,86.0%的家长会想了解更多的营养知识。结论：加强对家长的营养健康教育,通过家长对学生的营养控制,促进学生维持健康体重。