米非司酮配伍米索前列醇终止早孕用药方法的探讨

作者对１２０例妊娠４９ｄ以内的孕妇采用４种不同的服药方法进行药物流产，其中使用第３、４种用药方法的孕妇均于加用米索前列醇后８ｈ内排出孕囊，且２ｈ内排出率明显增加，与常规用药方法比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１），同时对用药机理作了讨论。     

A review of 2975 consecutive operations by one surgeon in an accredited outpatient plastic surgicentre: A Canadian experience

The present paper constitutes a retrospective review of 2975 consecutive operations performed by the author, one of the three owners of the Saskatoon Plastic Surgicentre. The unit opened in 1987; therefore, the study spans 17 years. Patients are not kept overnight, and the Surgicentre is approved and equipped as a level C facility for general anesthesia. Only patients who score 1 or 2 according to the American Association of Anesthesiologists are treated. Only certified anesthesiologists are used. Of the patients with postoperative complications, only two required transfer to a hospital. One developed a pneumothorax, which was treated on arrival at the intensive care unit with no sequelae. The other collapsed following facelift surgery. She was transferred to University of Saskatchewan hospital and died later that evening with a massive pulmonary embolus. In a properly established outpatient centre, a large number of patients can be safely treated with very few complications. However, despite placing patient safety as the first consideration and adhering strictly to the highest standards, death can occur.     

胫后动脉内踝上皮支皮瓣的临床应用

目的　探讨一种修复足踝部软组织缺损的有效方法。　方法　从 1999年 2月～ 2 0 0 2年6月 ,采用胫后动脉内踝上皮支血管为蒂的逆行岛状小腿内侧皮瓣修复足跟后部软组织缺损 2例、内踝部软组织缺损 2例以及踝前与足背软组织缺损 4例。　结果　临床应用 8例 ,皮瓣面积最小为 7cm×5cm ,最大 2 2cm× 7cm ,术后 8例皮瓣全部成活 ,随访 3～ 2 4个月 ,皮瓣感觉恢复 ,质地良好 ,外形不臃肿。　结论　胫后动脉内踝上皮支皮瓣血运可靠 ,手术切取简便安全 ,皮瓣厚薄适中 ,质地好 ,不牺牲胫后血管 ,是一种修复足踝部软组织缺损较好方法。     

肝外胆管癌的诊治分析

目的：探讨肝外胆管癌的诊断和治疗的体会。方法：回顾性总结手术治疗的32例肝外胆管癌的临床资料、手术方式、手术并发症及生存率，并复习相关文献资料。结果：本组病例获根冶性切除14例，姑息切除2例，胆道引流术16例；手术并发症10例(31.3％)，手术死亡1例(3．1％)。其中22例获定期随访，存活一年以上的有12例(12／22)，至今存活8例。结论:早期诊断、正确的评估、合理的术式选择能提高疗效。降低手术并发症及死亡率。     

微创疗法在骨不连中的应用现状

骨不连是骨折术后常见并发症,据统计约有5%~10%的骨折可因各种原因发生骨折不愈合和迟缓愈合。骨不连的治疗方法虽很多,但治疗效果不一。近年来,随着影像学及内镜技术的发展以及在外科领域的成功实践,微创技术在骨科中的应用较为迅速,已取得了可喜成绩。根据近年来的文献,介绍微创技术在治疗骨不连方面的一些进展。     

前路一期病变椎体切除并重建治疗胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形

目的:观察前路一期病变椎体切除、人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代、椎体钉板或钉棒系统内固定治疗连续两个及以上节段胸腰椎结核并后凸畸形的疗效。方法:34例病变累及连续两个及两个以上椎节的胸腰椎结核患者,术前后凸Cobb角27.8°￣65.4°(38.6°±10.3°),一期行前路病变椎体切除,椎间撬拔撑开复位,人工椎体或钛网融合器植骨替代,辅以椎体钉板或钉棒系统短节段邻近椎节内固定,重建脊柱稳定性,术后均给予短疗程化疗。观察术后局部疼痛缓解、脊髓神经功能恢复、后凸畸形矫正及脊柱稳定性情况。结果:患者术后局部疼痛缓解,术前伴有脊髓神经损伤的12例患者术后神经功能均有不同程度恢复。影像学检查示脊柱内固定物位置良好,椎体序列恢复良好,椎间高度恢复。后凸Cobb角矫正至2.1°￣14.2°(7.5°±8.3°),平均矫正31.2°±8.5°。随访18￣54个月,平均35个月。末次随访时后凸矫正度丢失4.3°±3.8°,均无结核复发。结论:连续两个及两个以上节段的胸腰椎结核采用前路一期行病变椎体切除有利于病灶彻底清除,减少复发;也有利于椎管彻底减压。前路椎体替代、植骨内固定重建脊柱稳定性可更好地纠正和预防脊柱后凸畸形。     

双侧丘脑底核电刺激治疗原发性肌张力障碍

目的 研究双侧丘脑底核（STN）脑深部电刺激术（DBS）治疗原发性肌张力障碍的长期疗效：方法 比较15例行舣侧STN—DBS治疗的原发性肌张力障碍患者，手术前后的Burke—Fahn—Marsden肌张力障碍评分改善程度及长期改善效果。结果 15例原发性肌张力障碍患者中12例在开启刺激器后症状即刻得到部分缓解，以不自主运动、异常姿势及躯体的扭转改善为主，其中9例在刺激1—3d后、3例刺激1，周后改善75％以上，6个月后平均改善92％；1例在2个月后开始改善，6个月后改善90％以上；2例在1个月开始出现轻微改善，6个月后改善了76％：15例患者的长期随访结果显示其疗效稳定，经过1—3次程控后不需经常调整刺激参数：所有患者未出现手术相关并发症及永久性副作用。结论 双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术对原发性肌张力障碍有显著的治疗效果，且疗效持久、稳定，无并发症及永久性副作用。比较GPi—DBS而言，STN—DBS起效快、最件刺激化点及参数易于确定、刺激参数水平低、长期疗效稳定，可能是原发性肌张力障碍DBS治疗的理想靶点。     

主动免疫恢复T辅助细胞平衡治疗习惯性流产

目的:寻求安全、有效地治疗不明原因习惯性流产(UHA)的方法,并探讨主动免疫治疗前后的细胞因子的免疫功能变化及T辅助细胞的平衡状态。方法:①对35例UHA患者采用丈夫肘静脉血20 m l分离淋巴细胞行主动免疫治疗(妊娠前治疗两次,妊娠后治疗两次);②采用酶联免疫吸附方法对68例UHA患者及30例正常妇女外周血IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、IFN进行检测;③对29例主动免疫后妊娠成功者治疗前后的IL-2、IL-10、Th1/Th2进行检测。结果:①主动免疫组33例妊娠,妊娠成功并分娩29例,妊娠成功率87.88%(29/33),未经主动免疫治疗的对照组妊娠成功率26.67%(8/30),两组相比差异有显著性(P<0.010);②68例UHA患者较正常妇女外周血中IL-2明显升高(P<0.01),IL-10降低(P<0.05),Th1/Th2比值增高(P<0.05);③29例UHA患者主动免疫治疗后妊娠成功者IL-10显著上升(P<0.1),Th1/Th2比值下降(P<0.05)。结论:UHA患者Th1、Th2平衡异常,主动免疫治疗可诱导Th1向Th2转移,恢复Th1、Th2之间的平衡,可用于UHA的治疗。     

Seizures with Onset in the Sensorimotor Face Area: Clinical Patterns and Results of Surgical Treatment in 20 Patients

Summary: It is not generally appreciated that intractable seizures involving the face area are amenable to surgical treatment. Twenty patients with onset of sensorimotor seizures in the face area of the pre- and postcentral gyri have been studied and surgically treated since 1948. Seizures started in the face, tongue, or throat, followed by diverse patterns depending on spread of seizure activity. Two patients had epilepsia partialis continua; 6 had either tonic or atonic drop attacks. All patients had pre- and postcentral face area resections, 12 in the dominant hemisphere. In addition, 3 had more extensive postcentral removal, 7 had temporal lobe, and 4 had small separate or contiguous frontal or parietal resection. Because the seizures were not sufficiently reduced by the first operation, 6 required reoperation; 4 of these patients had residual epileptiform activity on electrocorticogram (ECoG) after the first resection. Three patients had new neurologic signs that did not return to the preoperative level, but in 2 of them the deficit related mainly to higher resection in the central area. All but 2 of these 20 patients had at least moderate seizure reduction. Corticectomy can be performed for treatment of seizures arising in the lower central area and usually does not lead to significant permanent neurologic deficit.     

Cervifix颈椎后路杆固定系统垂直水平悬吊改良单开门椎管成形术

目的:评价Cervifix固定垂直水平悬吊改良单开门椎管成形术的疗效。方法:35例颈椎病患者,男23例,女12例;年龄47~68岁,平均56·4岁;34例为脊髓型颈椎病,1例为颈椎术后翻修;椎管矢状径4·6~9·3mm;椎管矢状面狭窄率达39%~84%,平均49·3%;减压节段C3-C59例,C3-C620例,C4-C76例。常规行后正中入路单开门椎管成形术,在所减压的节段侧块上Cervifix固定,采用Roy-Camille置入侧块螺钉。先用磨钻在所减压节段的棘突根部开预穿孔,开门后穿粗丝线于Cervifix的纵连杆拉紧并打结,行水平方向固定。垂直方向在开门侧的椎板上打预穿孔,用“斜拉桥”原理悬吊于临近未减压的棘突上加固。使椎板保持在开门状态。术后颈围领保护3个月。结果:35例平均随访15个月(7~18个月)。术前JOA评分平均8·0分,术后平均15·7分。术后3个月复查CT及X线片未见螺钉松动和再关门现象。仅有3例诉颈部有僵硬感,局部无疼痛。肌电图及体感诱发电位、感觉运动传导速度基本接近正常。6个月后僵硬感基本消失。结论:Cervifix固定垂直水平悬吊改良单开门椎管成形术操作简单、安全,维持开门效果好。术后患者颈部症状恢复快、效果满意,是治疗多节段颈椎病及颈椎管狭窄症的一种有效可行的方法。